Difference between revisions of "Ivan Bratko"

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Quote by [[Maarten van Emden]] in ''I remember [[Donald Michie]]'' <ref>[http://vanemden.wordpress.com/2009/06/12/i-remember-donald-michie-1923-2007/ I remember Donald Michie (1923 – 2007) « A Programmers Place] by [[Maarten van Emden]], June 12, 2009</ref>:
 
Quote by [[Maarten van Emden]] in ''I remember [[Donald Michie]]'' <ref>[http://vanemden.wordpress.com/2009/06/12/i-remember-donald-michie-1923-2007/ I remember Donald Michie (1923 – 2007) « A Programmers Place] by [[Maarten van Emden]], June 12, 2009</ref>:
 
  In 1980 I spent another summer in Edinburgh as a guest of [[Donald Michie]]. Since the low point of 1975, thanks to assiduous and inventive joint pursuit of funding possibilities by Donald and [[Jean Hayes Michie|Jean]], the Machine Intelligence Research Unit was alive with work focused on [[Endgame|chess endgames]]. There were students, including [[Tim Niblett]] and [[Alen Shapiro]]. [[Danny Kopec]] was there, perhaps formally as a student, but de facto as the resident chess consultant. [[Ivan Bratko]] visited frequently. Alen was the administrator of the dream computing environment of that time: a small [[PDP-11]] running [[Unix]].  
 
  In 1980 I spent another summer in Edinburgh as a guest of [[Donald Michie]]. Since the low point of 1975, thanks to assiduous and inventive joint pursuit of funding possibilities by Donald and [[Jean Hayes Michie|Jean]], the Machine Intelligence Research Unit was alive with work focused on [[Endgame|chess endgames]]. There were students, including [[Tim Niblett]] and [[Alen Shapiro]]. [[Danny Kopec]] was there, perhaps formally as a student, but de facto as the resident chess consultant. [[Ivan Bratko]] visited frequently. Alen was the administrator of the dream computing environment of that time: a small [[PDP-11]] running [[Unix]].  
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==AI as Sport==
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Quote by [[John McCarthy]] from  ''AI as Sport'' <ref>[[John McCarthy]] ('''1997'''). ''AI as Sport''. Science, Vol. 276, June 6, pp. 1518-1519.</ref><ref>[http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/newborn/newborn.html AI as Sport] by [[John McCarthy]]</ref>:
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Besides AI work aimed at tournament play, particular aspects of the game have illuminated the intellectual mechanisms involved. [[Barbara Liskov]] demonstrated that what chess books teach about how to win certain [[Endgame|endgames]] is not a program but more like a predicate comparing two positions to see if one is an improvement on the other. Such qualitative comparisons are an important feature of human intelligence and are needed for AI. [[Donald Michie]], [[Ivan Bratko]], [[Alen Shapiro]], [[David Wilkins]], and others have also used chess as a Drosophila to study intelligence. [[Monroe Newborn|Newborn]] ignores this work, because it is not oriented to tournament play.
  
 
=CLESS=
 
=CLESS=
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=Selected Publications=
 
=Selected Publications=
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<ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)</ref> <ref>[http://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/b/Bratko:Ivan dblp: Ivan Bratko]</ref>
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<ref>[[ICGA Journal#RefDB|ICGA Reference Database]]</ref> <ref>[http://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/b/Bratko:Ivan dblp: Ivan Bratko]</ref>
 
==1978 ...==
 
==1978 ...==
 
* [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''1978'''). ''Proving Correctness of Strategies in the AL1 Assertional Language''. Information Processing Letters, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 223-230. <ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1976'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045272 AL1: a package for generating strategies from tables]''. ACM SIGART Bulletin, Issue 59</ref>
 
* [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''1978'''). ''Proving Correctness of Strategies in the AL1 Assertional Language''. Information Processing Letters, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 223-230. <ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1976'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045272 AL1: a package for generating strategies from tables]''. ACM SIGART Bulletin, Issue 59</ref>
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* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]], [http://www.ailab.si/matej/doc/Computer_Analysis_of_World_Chess_Champions.pdf pdf] <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/post/computers-choose-who-was-the-strongest-player- Computers choose: who was the strongest player?], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], October 30, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3465 Computer analysis of world champions] by [[Søren Riis]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], November 02, 2006</ref>
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]], [http://www.ailab.si/matej/doc/Computer_Analysis_of_World_Chess_Champions.pdf pdf] <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/post/computers-choose-who-was-the-strongest-player- Computers choose: who was the strongest player?], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], October 30, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3465 Computer analysis of world champions] by [[Søren Riis]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], November 02, 2006</ref>
 
* [[Mitja Luštrek]], [[Matjaž Gams]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''Is Real-Valued Minimax Pathological''? [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 170, [https://dis.ijs.si/MitjaL/documents/Is_Real-Valued_Minimax_Pathological-AIJ-06.pdf pdf]
 
* [[Mitja Luštrek]], [[Matjaž Gams]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''Is Real-Valued Minimax Pathological''? [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 170, [https://dis.ijs.si/MitjaL/documents/Is_Real-Valued_Minimax_Pathological-AIJ-06.pdf pdf]
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* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_1 Computer Analysis of Chess Champions]''. [[CG 2006]]
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* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_1 Computer Analysis of Chess Champions]''. [[CG 2006]]
 
* [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Martin Možina]], [[Matej Guid]], [[Jana Krivec]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_2 Automated Chess Tutor]''. [[CG 2006]]
 
* [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Martin Možina]], [[Matej Guid]], [[Jana Krivec]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_2 Automated Chess Tutor]''. [[CG 2006]]
 
* [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_15 Search Versus Knowledge Revisited Again]''. [[CG 2006]]
 
* [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_15 Search Versus Knowledge Revisited Again]''. [[CG 2006]]
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* [[Mitja Luštrek]], [[Ivan Bratko]], [[Matjaž Gams]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304397511009522 Independent-valued minimax : Pathological or beneficial?]'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_Computer_Science_%28journal%29 Theoretical Computer Science], Vol. 422, [http://dis.ijs.si/MitjaL/documents/Independent-valued_minimax-Pathological_or_beneficial-TCS-12.pdf pdf]
 
* [[Mitja Luštrek]], [[Ivan Bratko]], [[Matjaž Gams]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304397511009522 Independent-valued minimax : Pathological or beneficial?]'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_Computer_Science_%28journal%29 Theoretical Computer Science], Vol. 422, [http://dis.ijs.si/MitjaL/documents/Independent-valued_minimax-Pathological_or_beneficial-TCS-12.pdf pdf]
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2012'''). ''Detecting Fortresses in Chess''. [http://ev.fe.uni-lj.si/ Elektrotehniški vestnik], Vol. 79, Nos. 1-2, [https://ailab.si/matej/doc/Detecting_Fortresses_in_Chess.pdf pdf] » [[Rybka]], [[Houdini]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64306&start=27 Re: Tony's positional test suite] by [[Louis Zulli]], [[CCC]], August 01, 2017</ref>
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2012'''). ''Detecting Fortresses in Chess''. [http://ev.fe.uni-lj.si/ Elektrotehniški vestnik], Vol. 79, Nos. 1-2, [https://ailab.si/matej/doc/Detecting_Fortresses_in_Chess.pdf pdf] » [[Rybka]], [[Houdini]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64306&start=27 Re: Tony's positional test suite] by [[Louis Zulli]], [[CCC]], August 01, 2017</ref>
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* [[Stephen Muggleton]], [https://people.cs.kuleuven.be/~luc.deraedt/ Luc De Raedt], [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/p/Poole_0001:David David Poole], [[Ivan Bratko]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Flach Peter A. Flach], [http://research.nii.ac.jp/~inoue/official/content_e.html Katsumi Inoue], [[Ashwin Srinivasan]] ('''2012'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10994-011-5259-2 ILP turns 20 - Biography and future challenges]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Learning_(journal) Machine Learning], Vol. 86, No. 1
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* [[Stephen Muggleton]], [[Mathematician#LDRaedt|Luc De Raedt]], [[Mathematician#DPoole|David Poole]], [[Ivan Bratko]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Flach Peter A. Flach], [http://research.nii.ac.jp/~inoue/official/content_e.html Katsumi Inoue], [[Ashwin Srinivasan]] ('''2012'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10994-011-5259-2 ILP turns 20 - Biography and future challenges]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Learning_(journal) Machine Learning], Vol. 86, No. 1
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39112-5_131 Search-Based Estimation of Problem Difficulty for Humans]''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/aied/aied2013.html#GuidB13 AIED 2013], [https://ailab.si/matej/doc/Search-Based_Estimation_of_Problem_Difficulty.pdf pdf]
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39112-5_131 Search-Based Estimation of Problem Difficulty for Humans]''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/aied/aied2013.html#GuidB13 AIED 2013], [https://ailab.si/matej/doc/Search-Based_Estimation_of_Problem_Difficulty.pdf pdf]
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Martin Možina]], [[Ciril Bohak]], [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2013'''). ''Building an Intelligent Tutoring System for Chess Endgames''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/csedu/csedu2013.html#GuidMBSB13 CSEDU 2013]
 
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Martin Možina]], [[Ciril Bohak]], [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2013'''). ''Building an Intelligent Tutoring System for Chess Endgames''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/csedu/csedu2013.html#GuidMBSB13 CSEDU 2013]
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'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
 
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
 
[[Category:Researcher|Bratko]]
 
[[Category:Researcher|Bratko]]
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[[Category:Quotes|Bratko]]
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[[Category:McCarthy Quotes|Bratko]]

Latest revision as of 22:30, 23 May 2021

Home * People * Ivan Bratko

Ivan Bratko [1]

Ivan Bratko,
a Slovenian computer scientist and researcher in artificial intelligence and computer chess, professor at the Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana. Until 2002, professor Bratko also directed the AI group at Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana. In 1982, as a visiting scientist at the University of Edinburgh, Ivan Bratko and Danny Kopec designed the Bratko-Kopec Test [2] [3]

Quotes

Research Interests

Quote from Ivan Bratko's Homepage [4]: 

Professor Bratko has conducted research in machine learning, knowledge-based systems, qualitative modeling, intelligent robotics, heuristic programming and computer chess. His main interests in machine learning have been in learning from noisy data, combining learning and qualitative reasoning, constructive induction, Inductive Logic Programming and various applications of machine learning, including medicine and control of dynamic systems.

Chess Endgames

Quote by Maarten van Emden in I remember Donald Michie [5]: 

In 1980 I spent another summer in Edinburgh as a guest of Donald Michie. Since the low point of 1975, thanks to assiduous and inventive joint pursuit of funding possibilities by Donald and Jean, the Machine Intelligence Research Unit was alive with work focused on chess endgames. There were students, including Tim Niblett and Alen Shapiro. Danny Kopec was there, perhaps formally as a student, but de facto as the resident chess consultant. Ivan Bratko visited frequently. Alen was the administrator of the dream computing environment of that time: a small PDP-11 running Unix.

AI as Sport

Quote by John McCarthy from AI as Sport [6][7]: 

Besides AI work aimed at tournament play, particular aspects of the game have illuminated the intellectual mechanisms involved. Barbara Liskov demonstrated that what chess books teach about how to win certain endgames is not a program but more like a predicate comparing two positions to see if one is an improvement on the other. Such qualitative comparisons are an important feature of human intelligence and are needed for AI. Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko, Alen Shapiro, David Wilkins, and others have also used chess as a Drosophila to study intelligence. Newborn ignores this work, because it is not oriented to tournament play.

CLESS

In 1979/80, as visiting researcher at University of Edinburgh, Ivan Bratko worked with Zdenek Zdrahal and Alen Shapiro on Pattern Recognition applied to Chess. In fact they used Bitboards, called cellular 8x8 arrays, to implement their Cellular logic processing emulator for chess (CLESS) [8] . CLESS used three kinds of instructions to recognize simple and more complex chess patterns:

  1. bitwise boolean operations without any interactions between squares
  2. shifts as expand instructions
  3. fill-like propagation instructions, internally using the first two kinds of instructions and conditions in loops

Selected Publications

[9] [10]

1978 ...

1980 ...

1985 ...

  • Ivan Bratko (1985). Symbolic Derivation of Chess Patterns. Progress in Artificial Intelligence (eds. L. Steels and J.A. Campbell), pp. 281-290. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, UK.
  • Ivan Bratko (1986, 1990). Game Playing. Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence. 2nd Edition 1990. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA. ISBN 0-201-41606-9..
  • Ivan Bratko, Igor Kononenko (1986). Learning Rules from Incomplete and Noisy Data. Proceedings Unicom Seminar on the Scope of Artificial Intelligence in Statistics. Technical Press
  • Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko (1987). Ideas on Knowledge Synthesis Stemming from the KBBKN Endgame. ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1
  • Donald Michie, Ivan Bratko (1987). Ideas on Knowledge Synthesis ..... a Correction. ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2
  • Tim Niblett, Ivan Bratko (1987). Learning decision rules in noisy domains, in Research and Development in Expert Systems III (Max Bramer, ed.), pp. 25-34, Cambridge University Press.

1990 ...

1995 ...

Miroslav Kubat, Ivan Bratko, Ryszard Michalski (1998). A Review of Machine Learning Methods. pdf

2000 ...

2005 ...

2010 ...

2015 ...

External Links

References

  1. ↑ Ivan Bratko's Homepage
  2. ↑ The Kopec Chess Services
  3. ↑ Sanny: Some test positions for you, [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess.misc], August 18, 2008
  4. ↑ Ivan Bratko's Homepage
  5. ↑ I remember Donald Michie (1923 – 2007) « A Programmers Place by Maarten van Emden, June 12, 2009
  6. ↑ John McCarthy (1997). AI as Sport. Science, Vol. 276, June 6, pp. 1518-1519.
  7. ↑ AI as Sport by John McCarthy
  8. ↑ Zdenek Zdráhal, Ivan Bratko, Alen Shapiro (1981). Recognition of Complex Patterns Using Cellular Arrays. The Computer Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 263-270
  9. ↑ ICGA Reference Database
  10. ↑ dblp: Ivan Bratko
  11. ↑ Donald Michie (1976). AL1: a package for generating strategies from tables. ACM SIGART Bulletin, Issue 59
  12. ↑ Donald Michie (1976). AL1: a package for generating strategies from tables. ACM SIGART Bulletin, Issue 59
  13. ↑ Computers choose: who was the strongest player?, ChessBase News, October 30, 2006
  14. ↑ Computer analysis of world champions by Søren Riis, ChessBase News, November 02, 2006
  15. ↑ Re: Tony's positional test suite by Louis Zulli, CCC, August 01, 2017

Up one level

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