| "paper machine"
| "paper machine"
14 KB (1,801 words) - 18:29, 25 February 2021
...eaction followed their publication during a couple of years, until another paper, 15 pages long, was published by a researcher, which understood how AVL-tre
.... Shreider] ('''1957'''). ''[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&jrnid=rm&paperid=7727&option_lang=eng The Banach mean on groups]''. [http:/
23 KB (3,163 words) - 17:06, 21 March 2021
...I''. [http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive.pdf pdf], the original paper on [[Lisp]]
...ard Feigenbaum]] ('''1991'''). ''In Memoriam. Arthur L. Samuel: Pioneer in Machine Learning.'' [[ICGA Journal#14_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1]] » [[Arthur
13 KB (1,808 words) - 14:28, 25 January 2020
...teven Levy] in which Greenblatt appears. The number VI refers to the PDP-6 machine for which it was written <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacHack_%28che
In his 1970 paper ''A New Hashing Method with Application for Game Playing'' <ref>[[Albert Zo
21 KB (3,150 words) - 18:33, 25 February 2021
...Go engine with no human-provided knowledge, modeled after the AlphaGo Zero paper]</ref> to [[Chess]], initiated and announced by [[Stockfish]] co-author [[G
...ttp://blog.lczero.org/2018/12/alphazero-paper-and-lc0-v0191.html AlphaZero paper, and Lc0 v0.19.1] by [[Alexander Lyashuk|crem]], [[Leela Chess Zero|LCZero
35 KB (4,831 words) - 15:09, 10 August 2023
...opec/Publications/Publications/O_11_C.pdf pdf] <ref>Revised version of the paper ''Comparison and Testing of Six Commercial Computer Chess Programs'', prese
...[http://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1040 Man Versus Machine for the World Checkers Championship]''. [http://www.aaai.org/Magazine/magaz
24 KB (3,124 words) - 11:29, 28 January 2020
* [[Connection Machine]]
...ientated Processing System]''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/%7Eshm/MI/mi9.html Machine Intelligence 9] ([[Jean Hayes Michie]], [[Donald Michie]] and L.I. Mikulich
13 KB (1,631 words) - 09:09, 15 October 2023
...Cooper|Dennis W. Cooper]] ('''1973'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/COKO-III%3A-The-Cooper-Koz-Chess-Program-Kozdrowicki-Cooper/8ca0c0f08ba5648
...Cooper|Dennis W. Cooper]] ('''1973'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/COKO-III%3A-The-Cooper-Koz-Chess-Program-Kozdrowicki-Cooper/8ca0c0f08ba5648
12 KB (1,750 words) - 19:03, 18 May 2020
.../Dartmouth_Time_Sharing_System Dartmouth Time Sharing System]. In his 1973 paper on [[Bandwidth Search]] <ref>[http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgram
...'''). ''Recent developments in computer chess''. Firbush News 7 Edinburgh: Machine Intelligence Research Unit, [[University of Edinburgh]] (ed. [[Donald Michi
10 KB (1,446 words) - 15:21, 23 January 2020
the dominating chess machine in the late 70s and early 80s, was developed by [[Ken Thompson]] and [[Joe
...des per Second|nps]] from the software version to about 160,000 nps of the machine mentioned at the [[Advances in Computer Chess 3]] conference in 1981.
24 KB (2,852 words) - 18:36, 25 February 2021
...machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. While 'machine intelligence' was already mentioned by [[Alan Turing]] in the 1940s during
...uter chess - some excerpts quoted by Frey in his ''Computer Chess vs. AI'' paper <ref>[[Peter W. Frey]] ('''1991'''). ''Memory-Based Expertise: Computer Che
76 KB (10,439 words) - 14:01, 10 August 2023
...AI-workshop in Edinburgh <ref>[http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/%7Eshm/MI/mi4.html Machine Intelligence Volume 4]</ref> , where Michie affirmed McCarthy to take the c
=Machine Learning=
24 KB (3,641 words) - 21:59, 3 July 2021
...hess playing algorithm, implemented as "paper machine". Since there was no machine yet that could execute the instructions, Turing acted as a human CPU requir
...number of slips since the arithmetic was extremely tedious with pencil and paper' <ref>[[Alan Turing]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland Jack Co
18 KB (2,507 words) - 18:37, 25 February 2021
...d plugboard-equipped] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine Enigma machine] was already solved in 1932 by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Rejews
...wiki/Computation computation]" with the [[Alan Turing#TuringMachine|Turing machine]], which can be considered a model of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comp
28 KB (4,173 words) - 09:54, 14 November 2020
...amming a Computer for Playing Chess (raw text)]</ref> . It describes how a machine or computer could be made to play a reasonable game of chess. His process f
...ward Lasker] his (home-made) electric chess automation, build in 1949. The machine could handle up to six pieces, and was designed to test various programming
14 KB (2,066 words) - 23:18, 18 November 2021
...A Survey'' published in 2000 <ref>[[Johannes Fürnkranz]] ('''2000'''). ''Machine Learning in Games: A Survey''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Rese
...fferences''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Learning_%28journal%29 Machine Learning], Vol. 3, No. 1, [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~sutton/papers/sut
91 KB (12,241 words) - 21:01, 28 March 2022
...h Table|persistent hash table]], explained in [[Bebe#Award|award winning]] paper <ref>[[Tony Scherzer]], [[Linda Scherzer]], [[Dean Tjaden]] ('''1990'''). '
....org/wiki/Hoffman_Estates,_Illinois Hoffman Estates, Illinois], Bebe Chess Machine on site (32K bytes, 16 bits, 6,250,000 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instr
17 KB (2,527 words) - 23:40, 18 February 2021
...rst started selling their well commented Sargon I Z-80 assembly listing as paper copy for $15 by their own <ref>page 25 in [http://www.computerhistory.org/t
...r [[Applied Concepts]] <ref>[http://www.great-game-machine.com/ Great Game Machine]</ref> and their sales company [[Chafitz]], the Spracklens began their long
26 KB (3,611 words) - 10:26, 6 March 2021
...further see the practical suggestions in Spall's 1998 SPSA implementation paper <ref>[[James C. Spall]] ('''1998'''). ''Implementation of the Simultaneous
...rg/wiki/Machine_Learning_%28journal%29 Machine Learning], Special Issue on Machine Learning and Games, Vol. 63, No. 3, [http://www.sztaki.hu/~szcsaba/papers/k
18 KB (2,427 words) - 16:42, 2 June 2021
...elligence], OEFAI-TR-2000-3, [http://www.ofai.at/cgi-bin/get-tr?download=1&paper=oefai-tr-2000-31.pdf pdf]</ref>.
.... Martin], [[Steve Otto]] ('''1996'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Combining-simulated-annealing-with-local-search-Martin-Otto/379efcc32f7588f
30 KB (4,044 words) - 13:16, 18 September 2020
...ove '''A'''nalyzer'', a chess program designed as one-ply analyzing "paper machine" by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biologist evolutionary biol
...f SOMA's evaluation features and weights from their [[Timeline#1961|1961]] paper ''Machines that play games'', excerpt <ref>[[John Maynard Smith]], [[Donald
14 KB (2,114 words) - 20:50, 8 December 2019
...7-1948]] by [[Donald Michie]] and [[Shaun Wylie]] which was a rival "paper machine" of [[Alan Turing|Alan Turing's]] and [[David Champernowne|David Champernow
...al computation''. Pergamon</ref> <ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1974'''). ''On Machine Intelligence''. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13:
6 KB (823 words) - 21:25, 19 January 2019
...nt/uploads/2011/02/Good-Speculations-Concerning-the-First-Ultraintelligent-Machine.pdf pdf]</ref>. Jack Good died on April 5, 2009, aged 92 <ref>[http://www.v
...Year Plan for Automatic Chess''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi2.html Machine Intelligence Vol. 2], [http://aitopics.org/sites/default/files/classic/Mach
23 KB (3,383 words) - 17:08, 16 November 2020
In his 1987 [[ICGA Journal#10_3|ICCA Journal]] paper ''Speculative Computing'', Schaeffer mentions ''[[Null Move Pruning|The Nul
...ame. Obviously, my old approach, imparting human knowledge to an inanimate machine, wasn't the best way to train a computer to play strong chess.
12 KB (1,783 words) - 17:57, 26 December 2019
...Selman]] ('''2010'''). ''[http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICAPS/ICAPS10/paper/view/1458 On Adversarial Search Spaces and Sampling-Based Planning]''. [htt
...atic Evaluation]''. [[IEEE#TPAMI|IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]], Vol. 12, No. 2
76 KB (10,188 words) - 16:36, 1 December 2021
...lternative to the alpha-beta minimax procedure.'' [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]] (ed. [[Peter W. Frey]])
...Algorithms of adaptive search''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi9.html Machine Intelligence 9] (eds. [[Jean Hayes Michie]], [[Donald Michie]] and L.I. Mik
34 KB (4,570 words) - 22:36, 17 May 2023
...ia.org/wiki/Little_Machine_Constructed_by_Minimax_Dadamax_in_Person Little Machine Constructed by Minimax Dadamax in Person from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
...reader-link Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine]'' - MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.</ref> is based on [[Evaluation|heuristic eva
17 KB (2,338 words) - 17:34, 15 January 2022
...game record for instance as history score chart indexed by ply. Related to Machine learning is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_computation evoluti
.../essays/generalai/supervised_unsupervised_machine_learning.htm AI Horizon: Machine Learning, Part II: Supervised and Unsupervised Learning]</ref> .
137 KB (18,484 words) - 00:18, 19 December 2021
...died by [[Robert Hyatt]] and [[Anthony Cozzie]] as published in their 2005 paper ''Hash Collisions Effect'' <ref>[[Robert Hyatt]], [[Anthony Cozzie]] ('''20
....5 - The Northwestern University Chess Program.'' [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]] (ed. [[Peter W. Frey]]), pp. 82-118. Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y. 2nd
60 KB (8,162 words) - 21:35, 28 April 2022
....5 - The Northwestern University Chess Program.'' [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]], reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]</ref>. [[Hans Be
...'). ''A chess-playing program''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi4.html Machine Intelligence 4]</ref> who reported in 1969 on the effective use of an itera
13 KB (1,843 words) - 23:44, 4 October 2019
...trategies for the Selection of a Move in Chess''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]]
...Journal, Vol. 27, No. 2]] <ref>slightly revised version of the [[CG 2004]] paper</ref>
9 KB (1,219 words) - 21:02, 25 June 2020
...Vol. 43, No. 1 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=53713 Paper "Singular Extensions" by Anantharaman, Campbell, and Hsu (1988)] by [[Rolan
...urray Campbell]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]] ('''1990'''). ''A Grandmaster Chess Machine''. [[Scientific American]], Vol. 263, No. 4, [http://www.disi.unige.it/pers
16 KB (2,280 words) - 17:09, 16 November 2020
...Reductions|reductions]]. It was introduced in 1989 in the [[ICGA Journal]] paper ''The SEX Algorithm in Computer Chess'' ('''S'''earch '''EX'''tension), app
...the authors are claiming some originality in the ideas represented in this paper, the following "chipography" is provided. This makes reference to various c
11 KB (1,590 words) - 23:56, 27 December 2018
...e [[SOMA#SwapOff|swap-off algorithm]] used in the one-ply analyzing "paper machine" [[SOMA]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biologist evolutio
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1974'''). ''On Machine Intelligence''. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13:
20 KB (2,822 words) - 10:43, 1 August 2022
...ote [[Selim Akl|Selim Akl's]] and [[Monroe Newborn|Monroe Newborn's]] 1977 paper ''The principal continuation and the killer heuristic'' <ref>[[Selim Akl]],
[[Tony Marsland]] mentions refutation table in his 1983 paper <ref>[[Tony Marsland]] ('''1983'''). ''Relative Efficiency of Alpha-beta Im
6 KB (795 words) - 15:07, 30 April 2018
...AI) workshop in Edinburgh <ref>[http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/%7Eshm/MI/mi4.html Machine Intelligence Volume 4]</ref> . Levy played a friendly game of chess against
...L. Futer]] ('''1977'''). ''[http://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&jrnid=at&paperid=7425&option_lang=eng Computer analysis of rook end game]''
35 KB (4,953 words) - 10:55, 21 March 2021
* [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1983'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Representation-of-Experts'-Knowledge-in-a-Subdomain-Herik/5f29c029a69f2d699
...s Machine Team Championship#2004|The World Chess Team Championship Man vs. Machine]]''. [[ICGA Journal#27_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 4]]
62 KB (8,279 words) - 13:30, 17 November 2021
...of a [[Search Tree|tree]] with an uniform [[Depth|depth]], and concluded a machine operating according to the type A strategy would be both slow and a weak pl
....5 - The Northwestern University Chess Program.'' [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]], reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]
8 KB (1,101 words) - 14:03, 24 November 2018
...ndon]], [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1983'''). ''BELLE''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]]</ref> indicated a falloff beyond depth 7.
...minishing_returns Diminishing returns] for deeper searching. In their 1997 paper ''Diminishing Returns for Additional Search in Chess'' <ref>[[Andreas Jungh
28 KB (3,741 words) - 10:51, 16 February 2022
* [[Claude Shannon]] ('''1950'''). ''A Chess-Playing Machine''. [[Scientific American]], Vol. 182 (No. 2, February 1950), pp. 48-51. Rep
...Year Plan for Automatic Chess''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi2.html Machine Intelligence Vol. 2], pp. 110-115
40 KB (5,362 words) - 20:47, 22 November 2023
...ttern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]], Vol. 5, No 3</ref> . In a later paper, Stockman ([[Timeline#1979|1979]]) <ref>[[George Stockman]] ('''1979'''). '
...dia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)</ref>:
18 KB (2,480 words) - 23:49, 9 March 2019
In his 1983 paper ''Another optimization of alpha-beta search'' <ref>[[John Philip Fishburn]]
* [[:Category:Soft Machine|Soft Machine]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundles_(album) Hazard Profile], 1975, [
8 KB (1,151 words) - 20:49, 12 March 2022
* [[Jack Good]] ('''1968'''). ''A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess''. Machine Intelligence II pp. 110-115, excerpts reprinted in [[Computer Chess Compend
...ld.net/chessclubs/learn_tacticsmenu.asp ChessWorld.net's Tactics technical paper suite!]
15 KB (1,973 words) - 22:14, 30 November 2021
...media.org/wiki/File:Zeche_Zollern_Dortmund_-_Maschinenhalle.jpg?uselang=en machine hall] of [[:Category:Zollern|Zollern II/IV Colliery]], [https://en.wikipedi
...'1977'''). ''An Introduction to Computer Chess''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]] pp. 54-81
26 KB (3,630 words) - 18:39, 12 March 2022
...bs.com/high-performance-computing/206903306 Super Linearity and the Bigger Machine] from [http://www.drdobbs.com/index.jhtml Dr. Dobb's]</ref> ]]
...arch the later children. The algorithm in the 1982 Artificial Intelligence paper <ref>[[Raphael Finkel]], [[John Philip Fishburn]] ('''1982'''). ''Paralleli
86 KB (11,607 words) - 18:34, 11 November 2021
...gler|Stephen M. Stigler]] ('''1970'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Statistical-Properties-of-the-Buddy-System-Purdom-Stigler/36ffdc1a3960dd987
...ABrown|Cynthia A. Brown]] ('''1980'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Exact-formulas-for-the-buddy-system-Purdom-Brown/edb813045099fe0e657d20e2c7
52 KB (7,240 words) - 22:33, 16 May 2023
...peed while keeping knowledge constant. The abstract from the extended 1990 paper <ref>[[Hans Berliner]], [[Gordon Goetsch]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Carl Eb
...s. The approach of increasing knowledge has been taken in the HiTech chess machine.
43 KB (6,026 words) - 22:39, 18 November 2021
...XG Advanced Star Chess]], Quote from [[Chrilly Donninger|Donninger's]] CHE paper</ref>. Nimzo-3 spends about 10 to 20% on leaf evaluation, its node rate has
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_machine Oracle machine from Wikipedia]
24 KB (3,789 words) - 12:11, 9 December 2019
...f Verbal Learning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation RAND Paper] » [[EPAM]]
...ng in the Perception of Chess Positions''. [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Paper #127
22 KB (2,972 words) - 13:20, 22 November 2020
...Year Plan for Automatic Chess''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~shm/MI/mi2.html Machine Intelligence Vol. 2] pp. 110-115, [http://doczine.com/bigdata/2/1366100941_
...trategies for the Selection of a Move in Chess''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]]
25 KB (3,365 words) - 11:19, 6 August 2021
