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Created page with "'''Home * Evaluation * Patterns * Outposts''' {| |- style="vertical-align:top;" | rowspan="2" | '''Outposts''',<br/>a chess term m..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Evaluation]] * [[Evaluation Patterns|Patterns]] * Outposts'''
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''Outposts''',<br/>a chess term most often related to [[Knight|knights]] in the center or on the opponent's half of the board, defended by an own [[Pawn|pawn]], and either no longer attackable by opponent pawns at all, or otherwise, provoking to weaken an opponent pawn on a [[Half-open file|half-open file]] no longer "Biting on Granite" <ref>[http://open-chess.org/blog/ Biting on Granite - On Chess Improvement]</ref>.
| <fentt border="double" style="font-size:24pt">r4rk1/ppp2ppp/3p2n1/8/4P3/2N5/PPP2PPP/2KRR3</fentt>
|-
| The mighty outpost Nd5! <ref>[http://open-chess.org/blog/?p=112 Biting on Granite » Nimzowitsch, My System: Part 1, Chapter 2 – The Open File - The outpost]</ref>
r4rk1/ppp2ppp/3p2n1/8/4P3/2N5/PPP2PPP/2KRR3 w - -
|}
=On a Half-open file=
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron_Nimzowitsch Nimzowitsch] defined outposts as [[Squares|squares]] on a [[Half-open file|half-open file]] on the opponent's half of the board, defended by own pawns. The logic between such a placement was to entice the opponent to attack such a piece by a pawn, thereby weakening the pawn standing on that half-open file. In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mein_System My System] knight and [[Rook|rook]] outposts were mentioned - the former occurred in the [[Center|center]], the latter - on the wing. One game commentary mentions also "a diagonal outpost", though this subject is not expanded.
=Occupying Holes=
Some programmers apply a more common meaning of the word outpost, using this term in regard to a [[Holes|strong square]] in the center or opponent half of the board, defended by own pawn and no longer attackable by the opponent's pawn, occupied or about to be occupied by a knight. In this case the half-open file and provocation aspect of the outpost is lost, though the evaluation term is still useful.
=Factors influencing score=
To give an estimate of a typical outpost score, [[Toga Log#UserManual|Toga log user manual]] advocates a bonus for a knight outpost on a central square as 10 centipawns, but it is possible to see bonuses as large as 16 centipawns. Furthermore, outpost value can be increased if it is defended by two pawns (thus making exchange sacrifice much less profitable) or if opponent has no minors that he can exchange for an outpost piece.
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=384464 knight outposts] by [[Jan Kaan|Jan K.]], [[CCC]], August 26, 2004
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=46372 Toga Knight Outpost] by [[Ben Tennison]], [[CCC]], December 10, 2012 » [[Toga]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=46918 The eternal knight] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], January 18, 2013
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60171 A question about Outpost Knights / Bishops] by [[Andrew Grant]], [[CCC]], May 15, 2016
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_%28chess%29 Outpost (chess) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.chess.com/article/view/an-outpost An Outpost] by [http://www.chess.com/members/view/energia Iryna Zenyuk], July 16, 2009, [http://www.chess.com/ Chess.com]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost Outpost (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_%28military%29 Outpost (military) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_Islands Outpost Islands from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Evaluation Patterns|Up one Level]]'''
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''Outposts''',<br/>a chess term most often related to [[Knight|knights]] in the center or on the opponent's half of the board, defended by an own [[Pawn|pawn]], and either no longer attackable by opponent pawns at all, or otherwise, provoking to weaken an opponent pawn on a [[Half-open file|half-open file]] no longer "Biting on Granite" <ref>[http://open-chess.org/blog/ Biting on Granite - On Chess Improvement]</ref>.
| <fentt border="double" style="font-size:24pt">r4rk1/ppp2ppp/3p2n1/8/4P3/2N5/PPP2PPP/2KRR3</fentt>
|-
| The mighty outpost Nd5! <ref>[http://open-chess.org/blog/?p=112 Biting on Granite » Nimzowitsch, My System: Part 1, Chapter 2 – The Open File - The outpost]</ref>
r4rk1/ppp2ppp/3p2n1/8/4P3/2N5/PPP2PPP/2KRR3 w - -
|}
=On a Half-open file=
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron_Nimzowitsch Nimzowitsch] defined outposts as [[Squares|squares]] on a [[Half-open file|half-open file]] on the opponent's half of the board, defended by own pawns. The logic between such a placement was to entice the opponent to attack such a piece by a pawn, thereby weakening the pawn standing on that half-open file. In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mein_System My System] knight and [[Rook|rook]] outposts were mentioned - the former occurred in the [[Center|center]], the latter - on the wing. One game commentary mentions also "a diagonal outpost", though this subject is not expanded.
=Occupying Holes=
Some programmers apply a more common meaning of the word outpost, using this term in regard to a [[Holes|strong square]] in the center or opponent half of the board, defended by own pawn and no longer attackable by the opponent's pawn, occupied or about to be occupied by a knight. In this case the half-open file and provocation aspect of the outpost is lost, though the evaluation term is still useful.
=Factors influencing score=
To give an estimate of a typical outpost score, [[Toga Log#UserManual|Toga log user manual]] advocates a bonus for a knight outpost on a central square as 10 centipawns, but it is possible to see bonuses as large as 16 centipawns. Furthermore, outpost value can be increased if it is defended by two pawns (thus making exchange sacrifice much less profitable) or if opponent has no minors that he can exchange for an outpost piece.
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=384464 knight outposts] by [[Jan Kaan|Jan K.]], [[CCC]], August 26, 2004
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=46372 Toga Knight Outpost] by [[Ben Tennison]], [[CCC]], December 10, 2012 » [[Toga]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=46918 The eternal knight] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], January 18, 2013
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60171 A question about Outpost Knights / Bishops] by [[Andrew Grant]], [[CCC]], May 15, 2016
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_%28chess%29 Outpost (chess) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.chess.com/article/view/an-outpost An Outpost] by [http://www.chess.com/members/view/energia Iryna Zenyuk], July 16, 2009, [http://www.chess.com/ Chess.com]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost Outpost (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_%28military%29 Outpost (military) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outpost_Islands Outpost Islands from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Evaluation Patterns|Up one Level]]'''
