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Created page with "'''Home * Hardware''' =Basics= * Combinatorial Logic * Memory * Sequential Logic * Von Neumann architecture =Special Purpose Hardware= ==Dedi..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * Hardware'''
=Basics=
* [[Combinatorial Logic]]
* [[Memory]]
* [[Sequential Logic]]
* [[Von Neumann architecture]]
=Special Purpose Hardware=
==Dedicated Chess Hardware==
* [[Electro-Mechanical]]
* [[Analog Evaluation]]
* [[Integrated Circuits]]
* [[VLSI Design]]
* [[CHEOPS]]
* [[Berkeley Chess Microprocessor]]
* [[Dedicated Chess Computers]]
==Programmable Logics==
* [[PAL]] - Programmable array logic
* [[GAL]] - Generic array logic
* [[CPLD]] - Complex programmable Logic Device
* [[FPGA]] - Field-programmable gate array
==Famous Chess Machines==
* [[El Ajedrecista]]
* [[Belle]]
* [[HiTech]]
* [[ChipTest]]
* [[Deep Thought]]
* [[Deep Blue]]
* [[Hydra]]
=General Purpose Hardware=
==Historic Computers==
* [[Ferranti Mark 1]]
* [[MANIAC I (Computer)|MANIAC I]]
* [[IBM 704]]
* [[M-2]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOHNNIAC JOHNNIAC]
==Mainframes==
===Amdahl===
* [[Amdahl 470]]
===CDC===
* [[CDC 6600]]
* [[CDC Cyber]]
===Cray===
* [[Cray-1]]
* [[Cray X-MP]]
* [[Cray T3D]]
* [[Cray T3E]]
===Honeywell===
* [[Honeywell 6000]] (GE-600)
===IBM===
* [[IBM 7090]]
* [[IBM 360]]
* [[IBM 370]]
===ICL ...===
* [[ICL 4-70|ICL 4/70]]
* [[Lomonosov Supercomputer]]
* [[M-20]]
===PDP===
* [[PDP-6]]
* [[PDP-10]]
===Siemens/Fujitsu===
* [[Siemens-System 7.800]]
===TR===
* [[TR-4]]
* [[TR 440]]
===UNIVAC===
* [[UNIVAC 418]]
* [[UNIVAC 494]]
* [[UNIVAC 1100]]
===Massively Parallel===
* [[Connection Machine]]
* [[nCUBE]]
* [[Paragon]]
==Minis & Workstations==
* [[HP 2100]]
* [[HP 3000]]
* [[HP 9000]]
* [[Interdata M85]]
* [[Nova]]
* [[PDP-1]]
* [[PDP-8]]
* [[PDP-11]]
* [[SMS 201]]
* [[SPARCstation]]
* [[Sun|Sun-1 - Sun-4]]
* [[VAX]]
<span id="Single"></span>
==Single Board Computers==
* [[Arduino]]
* [[KIM-1]]
* [[pcDuino]]
* [[Raspberry Pi]]
* [[UDOO]]
<span id="Home"></span>
==Home Computers==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer Home-] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer Personal Computers]
* [[Acorn Computers Ltd]]
: [[Acorn Atom]]
: [[BBC Micro]]
: [[Acorn Archimedes]]
* [[Amstrad CPC]]
* [[Apple|Apple computers]]
: [[Apple II]]
: [[Macintosh]]
* [[Atari 8-bit]]
: [[Atari ST]]
* [[Commodore PET]]
: [[Commodore VIC-20]]
: [[Commodore 64]]
: [[Commodore 128]]
: [[Amiga]]
* [[Gigatron]]
* [[IBM PC]]
* [[Sinclair ZX81]]
: [[ZX Spectrum]]
* [[TRS-80]]
==Mobile Computers==
from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_electronic_game Handheld electronic game]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_game_console Handheld game console]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device Mobile device]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant Personal digital assistant]
: [[Palm]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone Mobile phone]
<span id="CPU"></span>
=µ-Processors & Controller=
* [[PIC Microcontroller]]
==8-bit==
* [[Fairchild F8]]
* [[H8]]
* [[8080]] by [[Intel]]
* [[6800]] by [[Motorola]]
* [[6502]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology MOS Technology]
* [[Z80]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog Zilog]
==16-bit==
* [[8086]] by [[Intel]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286 80286] by [[Intel]]
* [[Z8000]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog Zilog]
* [[TMS-99000]] by [[Texas Instruments]]
* [[6809]] by [[Motorola]]
==32-bit==
* [[x86]] by [[Intel]] and [[AMD]]
* [[68000]] by [[Motorola]] (external 16 bit databus)
* [[68020]] by [[Motorola]]
* [[68030]] by [[Motorola]]
* [[ARM2]] by [[Acorn Computers Ltd]]
* [[ARM6]] by [[ARM Ltd|Advanced RISC Machines Ltd]]
* [[ARM11]] by [[ARM Ltd|Advanced RISC Machines Ltd]]
* [[PowerPC]] by [[Apple]], [[IBM]] and [[Motorola]]
* [[SPARC|SPARC V7/V8]] by [[Sun Microsystems]]
==Transputer==
* [[Transputer|T800]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmos Inmos]
==64-bit==
* [[DEC Alpha]] by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]]
* [[i860]] by [[Intel]]
* [[Itanium]] by [[Intel]]
* [[x86-64]] or x64 by [[AMD]] and [[Intel]]
* [[PowerPC|PowerPC 620]] by [[Apple]], [[IBM]] and [[Motorola]]
* [[PowerPC#G5|PowerPC G5]] by [[IBM]]
* [[SPARC#V9|SPARC V9]] by [[Sun Microsystems]]
=Misc=
* [[GPU]]
* [[Sensory Board]]
=Publications=
==1960 ...==
* [http://www.martinhweik.com/ Martin H. Weik] ('''1961'''). ''[http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61.html#TOC A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems]''. Report No. 1115
==1970 ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [[Allen Newell]] ('''1971'''). ''[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/computer_structures__readings_and_examples/ Computer Structures: Readings and Examples]''. McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0070043572, [http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Structures-Readings-Examples-McGraw-Hill/dp/0070043574 amazon]
* [[Ozalp Babaoglu]] ('''1977'''). ''Hardware implementation of the legal move generation and relative ordering functions for the game of chess''. Master's thesis, [[University of California, Berkeley]]
* [[John Moussouris]], [[Jack Holloway]], [[Richard Greenblatt]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=61701.67028 CHEOPS: A Chess-orientated Processing System]''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/%7Eshm/MI/mi9.html Machine Intelligence 9] ([[Jean Hayes Michie]], [[Donald Michie]] and L.I. Mikulich editors) Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1979, pp. 351-360. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]] » [[CHEOPS]]
==1980 ...==
* [[Joe Condon]], [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1982'''). ''Belle Chess Hardware''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 3]], Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]] » [[Belle]]
* [[Carl Ebeling]], [[Andrew James Palay]] ('''1984'''). ''The Design and Implementation of a VLSI Chess Move Generator''. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. [[IEEE]] and [[ACM]].
* [[Carl Ebeling]] ('''1986'''). ''[http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=7692 All the Right Moves: A VLSI Architecture for Chess]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], ISBN 0-262-05035-8, [http://www.amazon.com/All-Right-Moves-Architecture-Distinguished/dp/0262050358 amazon.com] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=41743 Any opinion about this book?: "All the Right Moves"] by E Diaz, [[CCC]], January 02, 2012</ref> » [[HiTech]]
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1986'''). ''[http://repository.cmu.edu/compsci/1566/ Two designs of functional units for VLSI based chess machines]''. [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Computer Science Department. Paper 1566. » [[ChipTest]]
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1987'''). ''A Two-Million Moves/Sec CMOS Single-Chip Chess Move Generator''. IEEE J. of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 841-846.
==1990 ...==
* [[James Testa]], [[Alvin M. Despain]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=124744&contentType=Conference+Publications&searchWithin%3Dp_Authors%3A.QT.Testa%2C+J..QT. A CMOS VLSI chess microprocessor]''. [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[IEEE]] Custom Integrated Circuit Conference
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Joe Hoane]] ('''1995'''). ''Deep Blue System Overview''. International Conference on Supercomputing, 1995: 240-244 » [[Deep Blue]]
* [[Yi-Fan Ke]] ('''1996'''). ''A parallel hardware architecture for accelerating computer chess system-平行電腦象棋系統架構之設計及研究''. Ph.D. thesis, [[National Taiwan University]]
* [[Yi-Fan Ke]], [[Tai-Ming Parng]] ('''1996'''). ''A Parallel Hardware Architecture for Accelerating α-β Game Tree''. [http://search.ieice.org/bin/index.php?category=D&lang=E&curr=1 IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems], September, 1996, pp. 1232-1240
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1999'''). ''IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips''. IEEE Micro, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Mar-Apr), pp. 70-81. ISSN 0272-1732. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.126.5392&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
==2000 ...==
* [[Marc Boulé]] ('''2002'''). ''An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess''. Masters thesis, [[McGill University]], (Supervisor: [[Zeljko Zilic]], Co-Supervisor: [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]]), [http://www.iml.ece.mcgill.ca/%7Emboule/files/mbthesis02.pdf pdf]
* [[Marc Boulé]], [[Zeljko Zilic]] ('''2002'''). ''An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess''. [[ICGA Journal]], Vol. 25, No. 2, [http://iml.ece.mcgill.ca/~mboule/files/icga02.pdf pdf]
* [[Chrilly Donninger]], [[Ulf Lorenz]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.springerlink.com/content/hp9la9pwq0a1cmrp/ The Chess Monster Hydra]'' in [http://www.springerlink.com/content/8grv6pu2e8hd/?p=3037c8af6a0147319f6f5a8e133083dd&pi=0 Field Programmable Logic and Application], 14th International Conference, FPL 2004, Leuven, Belgium, August 30-September 1, 2004. Proceedings, pp 927-932. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-22989-6, [http://www2.cs.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien/PERSONAL/FLULO/publications/fpl04.pdf pdf]
* [http://spqr.cs.umass.edu/events/2011-king-sam/ Samuel T. King], [http://opera.ucsd.edu/~tucek/ Joseph Tucek], [[Anthony Cozzie]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/g/Grier:Chris.html Chris Grier], [http://cn.linkedin.com/in/weihangjiang Weihang Jiang], [http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/faculty/faculty_bios/index.sfe?fmp_recid=317 Yuanyuan Zhou] ('''2008'''). ''Designing and Implementing Malicious Hardware''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/nsdi/leet2008.html#KingTCGJZ08 LEET 2008], [http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/homes/kingst/Research_files/king08.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=286891 Computer chess and processor speed in 20 years from now...] by Chris, [[CCC]], February 26, 2003
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36031 hardware advances - a different perspective] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2010
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36040 old crafty vs new crafty on new hardware] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 11, 2010 » [[Knowledge]], [[Crafty]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36059 Final results - Crafty - hardware vs software] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 13, 2010 » [[Software]], [[Crafty]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36088 hardware doubling number for Crafty] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 15, 2010 » [[Crafty]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=50937 Good question: What % improvement is hardware vs. software?] by Jonathan Lee, [[CCC]], January 17, 2014
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59530 Moore's Law] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], March 16, 2016 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law Moore's law from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2016-03-12/after-moores-law After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist The Economist], March 12, 2016</ref>
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65905 The Gigatron project] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], December 06, 2017 » [[Gigatron]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_%28disambiguation%29 Hardware (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer_hardware Personal computer hardware from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware History of computing hardware from Wikipedia]
* [http://users.rcn.com/crfriend/museum/index.shtml Minicomputer "Museum"] by [http://users.rcn.com/crfriend/ Carl Friend]
* [http://www.ricomputermuseum.org/Home The Rhode Island Computer Museum]
* [http://www.pcmuseum.ca/computerDetails.asp The Personal Computer Museum, Brantford, Ontario, Canada - Computers]
* [http://www.computer50.org/ Computer 50 - The University of Manchester Celebrates the Birth of the Modern Computer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law Moore's law from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2016-03-12/after-moores-law After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist The Economist], March 12, 2016 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59530 Moore's Law] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], March 16, 2016</ref>
* [https://hackaday.io/project/20781-8-bit-color-computer-from-ttl 8-bit color computer from TTL] by [[Marcel van Kervinck]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackaday Hackaday.io], 2017 » [[Gigatron]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65905 The Gigatron project] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], December 06, 2017</ref>
=References=
<references />
'''[[Main Page|Up one Level]]'''
=Basics=
* [[Combinatorial Logic]]
* [[Memory]]
* [[Sequential Logic]]
* [[Von Neumann architecture]]
=Special Purpose Hardware=
==Dedicated Chess Hardware==
* [[Electro-Mechanical]]
* [[Analog Evaluation]]
* [[Integrated Circuits]]
* [[VLSI Design]]
* [[CHEOPS]]
* [[Berkeley Chess Microprocessor]]
* [[Dedicated Chess Computers]]
==Programmable Logics==
* [[PAL]] - Programmable array logic
* [[GAL]] - Generic array logic
* [[CPLD]] - Complex programmable Logic Device
* [[FPGA]] - Field-programmable gate array
==Famous Chess Machines==
* [[El Ajedrecista]]
* [[Belle]]
* [[HiTech]]
* [[ChipTest]]
* [[Deep Thought]]
* [[Deep Blue]]
* [[Hydra]]
=General Purpose Hardware=
==Historic Computers==
* [[Ferranti Mark 1]]
* [[MANIAC I (Computer)|MANIAC I]]
* [[IBM 704]]
* [[M-2]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOHNNIAC JOHNNIAC]
==Mainframes==
===Amdahl===
* [[Amdahl 470]]
===CDC===
* [[CDC 6600]]
* [[CDC Cyber]]
===Cray===
* [[Cray-1]]
* [[Cray X-MP]]
* [[Cray T3D]]
* [[Cray T3E]]
===Honeywell===
* [[Honeywell 6000]] (GE-600)
===IBM===
* [[IBM 7090]]
* [[IBM 360]]
* [[IBM 370]]
===ICL ...===
* [[ICL 4-70|ICL 4/70]]
* [[Lomonosov Supercomputer]]
* [[M-20]]
===PDP===
* [[PDP-6]]
* [[PDP-10]]
===Siemens/Fujitsu===
* [[Siemens-System 7.800]]
===TR===
* [[TR-4]]
* [[TR 440]]
===UNIVAC===
* [[UNIVAC 418]]
* [[UNIVAC 494]]
* [[UNIVAC 1100]]
===Massively Parallel===
* [[Connection Machine]]
* [[nCUBE]]
* [[Paragon]]
==Minis & Workstations==
* [[HP 2100]]
* [[HP 3000]]
* [[HP 9000]]
* [[Interdata M85]]
* [[Nova]]
* [[PDP-1]]
* [[PDP-8]]
* [[PDP-11]]
* [[SMS 201]]
* [[SPARCstation]]
* [[Sun|Sun-1 - Sun-4]]
* [[VAX]]
<span id="Single"></span>
==Single Board Computers==
* [[Arduino]]
* [[KIM-1]]
* [[pcDuino]]
* [[Raspberry Pi]]
* [[UDOO]]
<span id="Home"></span>
==Home Computers==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer Home-] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer Personal Computers]
* [[Acorn Computers Ltd]]
: [[Acorn Atom]]
: [[BBC Micro]]
: [[Acorn Archimedes]]
* [[Amstrad CPC]]
* [[Apple|Apple computers]]
: [[Apple II]]
: [[Macintosh]]
* [[Atari 8-bit]]
: [[Atari ST]]
* [[Commodore PET]]
: [[Commodore VIC-20]]
: [[Commodore 64]]
: [[Commodore 128]]
: [[Amiga]]
* [[Gigatron]]
* [[IBM PC]]
* [[Sinclair ZX81]]
: [[ZX Spectrum]]
* [[TRS-80]]
==Mobile Computers==
from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_electronic_game Handheld electronic game]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_game_console Handheld game console]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device Mobile device]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant Personal digital assistant]
: [[Palm]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone Mobile phone]
<span id="CPU"></span>
=µ-Processors & Controller=
* [[PIC Microcontroller]]
==8-bit==
* [[Fairchild F8]]
* [[H8]]
* [[8080]] by [[Intel]]
* [[6800]] by [[Motorola]]
* [[6502]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology MOS Technology]
* [[Z80]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog Zilog]
==16-bit==
* [[8086]] by [[Intel]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286 80286] by [[Intel]]
* [[Z8000]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog Zilog]
* [[TMS-99000]] by [[Texas Instruments]]
* [[6809]] by [[Motorola]]
==32-bit==
* [[x86]] by [[Intel]] and [[AMD]]
* [[68000]] by [[Motorola]] (external 16 bit databus)
* [[68020]] by [[Motorola]]
* [[68030]] by [[Motorola]]
* [[ARM2]] by [[Acorn Computers Ltd]]
* [[ARM6]] by [[ARM Ltd|Advanced RISC Machines Ltd]]
* [[ARM11]] by [[ARM Ltd|Advanced RISC Machines Ltd]]
* [[PowerPC]] by [[Apple]], [[IBM]] and [[Motorola]]
* [[SPARC|SPARC V7/V8]] by [[Sun Microsystems]]
==Transputer==
* [[Transputer|T800]] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmos Inmos]
==64-bit==
* [[DEC Alpha]] by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]]
* [[i860]] by [[Intel]]
* [[Itanium]] by [[Intel]]
* [[x86-64]] or x64 by [[AMD]] and [[Intel]]
* [[PowerPC|PowerPC 620]] by [[Apple]], [[IBM]] and [[Motorola]]
* [[PowerPC#G5|PowerPC G5]] by [[IBM]]
* [[SPARC#V9|SPARC V9]] by [[Sun Microsystems]]
=Misc=
* [[GPU]]
* [[Sensory Board]]
=Publications=
==1960 ...==
* [http://www.martinhweik.com/ Martin H. Weik] ('''1961'''). ''[http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61.html#TOC A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems]''. Report No. 1115
==1970 ...==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [[Allen Newell]] ('''1971'''). ''[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/computer_structures__readings_and_examples/ Computer Structures: Readings and Examples]''. McGraw-Hill, ISBN-13: 978-0070043572, [http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Structures-Readings-Examples-McGraw-Hill/dp/0070043574 amazon]
* [[Ozalp Babaoglu]] ('''1977'''). ''Hardware implementation of the legal move generation and relative ordering functions for the game of chess''. Master's thesis, [[University of California, Berkeley]]
* [[John Moussouris]], [[Jack Holloway]], [[Richard Greenblatt]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=61701.67028 CHEOPS: A Chess-orientated Processing System]''. [http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/%7Eshm/MI/mi9.html Machine Intelligence 9] ([[Jean Hayes Michie]], [[Donald Michie]] and L.I. Mikulich editors) Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1979, pp. 351-360. Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]] » [[CHEOPS]]
==1980 ...==
* [[Joe Condon]], [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1982'''). ''Belle Chess Hardware''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 3]], Reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]] » [[Belle]]
* [[Carl Ebeling]], [[Andrew James Palay]] ('''1984'''). ''The Design and Implementation of a VLSI Chess Move Generator''. Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. [[IEEE]] and [[ACM]].
* [[Carl Ebeling]] ('''1986'''). ''[http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=7692 All the Right Moves: A VLSI Architecture for Chess]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], ISBN 0-262-05035-8, [http://www.amazon.com/All-Right-Moves-Architecture-Distinguished/dp/0262050358 amazon.com] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=41743 Any opinion about this book?: "All the Right Moves"] by E Diaz, [[CCC]], January 02, 2012</ref> » [[HiTech]]
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1986'''). ''[http://repository.cmu.edu/compsci/1566/ Two designs of functional units for VLSI based chess machines]''. [[Carnegie Mellon University]], Computer Science Department. Paper 1566. » [[ChipTest]]
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1987'''). ''A Two-Million Moves/Sec CMOS Single-Chip Chess Move Generator''. IEEE J. of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 841-846.
==1990 ...==
* [[James Testa]], [[Alvin M. Despain]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=124744&contentType=Conference+Publications&searchWithin%3Dp_Authors%3A.QT.Testa%2C+J..QT. A CMOS VLSI chess microprocessor]''. [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[IEEE]] Custom Integrated Circuit Conference
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Joe Hoane]] ('''1995'''). ''Deep Blue System Overview''. International Conference on Supercomputing, 1995: 240-244 » [[Deep Blue]]
* [[Yi-Fan Ke]] ('''1996'''). ''A parallel hardware architecture for accelerating computer chess system-平行電腦象棋系統架構之設計及研究''. Ph.D. thesis, [[National Taiwan University]]
* [[Yi-Fan Ke]], [[Tai-Ming Parng]] ('''1996'''). ''A Parallel Hardware Architecture for Accelerating α-β Game Tree''. [http://search.ieice.org/bin/index.php?category=D&lang=E&curr=1 IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems], September, 1996, pp. 1232-1240
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''1999'''). ''IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips''. IEEE Micro, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Mar-Apr), pp. 70-81. ISSN 0272-1732. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.126.5392&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
==2000 ...==
* [[Marc Boulé]] ('''2002'''). ''An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess''. Masters thesis, [[McGill University]], (Supervisor: [[Zeljko Zilic]], Co-Supervisor: [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]]), [http://www.iml.ece.mcgill.ca/%7Emboule/files/mbthesis02.pdf pdf]
* [[Marc Boulé]], [[Zeljko Zilic]] ('''2002'''). ''An FPGA Move Generator for the Game of Chess''. [[ICGA Journal]], Vol. 25, No. 2, [http://iml.ece.mcgill.ca/~mboule/files/icga02.pdf pdf]
* [[Chrilly Donninger]], [[Ulf Lorenz]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.springerlink.com/content/hp9la9pwq0a1cmrp/ The Chess Monster Hydra]'' in [http://www.springerlink.com/content/8grv6pu2e8hd/?p=3037c8af6a0147319f6f5a8e133083dd&pi=0 Field Programmable Logic and Application], 14th International Conference, FPL 2004, Leuven, Belgium, August 30-September 1, 2004. Proceedings, pp 927-932. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-22989-6, [http://www2.cs.uni-paderborn.de/cs/ag-monien/PERSONAL/FLULO/publications/fpl04.pdf pdf]
* [http://spqr.cs.umass.edu/events/2011-king-sam/ Samuel T. King], [http://opera.ucsd.edu/~tucek/ Joseph Tucek], [[Anthony Cozzie]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/g/Grier:Chris.html Chris Grier], [http://cn.linkedin.com/in/weihangjiang Weihang Jiang], [http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/faculty/faculty_bios/index.sfe?fmp_recid=317 Yuanyuan Zhou] ('''2008'''). ''Designing and Implementing Malicious Hardware''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/nsdi/leet2008.html#KingTCGJZ08 LEET 2008], [http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/homes/kingst/Research_files/king08.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=286891 Computer chess and processor speed in 20 years from now...] by Chris, [[CCC]], February 26, 2003
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36031 hardware advances - a different perspective] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2010
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36040 old crafty vs new crafty on new hardware] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 11, 2010 » [[Knowledge]], [[Crafty]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36059 Final results - Crafty - hardware vs software] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 13, 2010 » [[Software]], [[Crafty]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=36088 hardware doubling number for Crafty] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 15, 2010 » [[Crafty]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=50937 Good question: What % improvement is hardware vs. software?] by Jonathan Lee, [[CCC]], January 17, 2014
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59530 Moore's Law] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], March 16, 2016 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law Moore's law from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2016-03-12/after-moores-law After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist The Economist], March 12, 2016</ref>
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65905 The Gigatron project] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], December 06, 2017 » [[Gigatron]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_%28disambiguation%29 Hardware (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer_hardware Personal computer hardware from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware History of computing hardware from Wikipedia]
* [http://users.rcn.com/crfriend/museum/index.shtml Minicomputer "Museum"] by [http://users.rcn.com/crfriend/ Carl Friend]
* [http://www.ricomputermuseum.org/Home The Rhode Island Computer Museum]
* [http://www.pcmuseum.ca/computerDetails.asp The Personal Computer Museum, Brantford, Ontario, Canada - Computers]
* [http://www.computer50.org/ Computer 50 - The University of Manchester Celebrates the Birth of the Modern Computer]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law Moore's law from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2016-03-12/after-moores-law After Moore's law | Technology Quarterly] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist The Economist], March 12, 2016 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59530 Moore's Law] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], March 16, 2016</ref>
* [https://hackaday.io/project/20781-8-bit-color-computer-from-ttl 8-bit color computer from TTL] by [[Marcel van Kervinck]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackaday Hackaday.io], 2017 » [[Gigatron]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65905 The Gigatron project] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], December 06, 2017</ref>
=References=
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'''[[Main Page|Up one Level]]'''
