422
edits
Changes
GPU
,→Nvidia
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html Nvidia PTX ISA]
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/index.html Nvidia CUDA Toolkit Documentation]
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html Nvidia CUDA C++ Programming Guide]
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-best-practices-guide/index.html Nvidia CUDA C++ Best Practices Guide]
== Further ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units List of AMD graphics processing units on Wikipedia]
=== Navi 3x RDNA 3 RDNA3 === RDNA 3 RDNA3 architecture in Radeon RX 7000 series was announced on November 3, 2022, featuring dedicated AI tensor operation accelerators.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_RX_7000_series AMD Radeon RX 7000 on Wikipedia]
* [https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/RDNA3_Shader_ISA_December2022.pdf RDNA3 Instruction Set Architecture]
=== CDNA 2 CDNA2 === CDNA 2 CDNA2 architecture in MI200 HPC-GPU with optimized FP64 throughput (matrix and vector), multi-chip-module design and Infinity Fabric was unveiled in November, 2021.
* [https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/amd-cdna2-white-paper.pdf AMD CDNA2 Whitepaper]
* [https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/amd-cdna-whitepaper.pdf AMD CDNA Whitepaper]
* [https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/CDNA1_Shader_ISA_14December2020.pdf CDNA Instruction Set Architecture]
=== Navi 2x RDNA 2 RDNA2 === [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDNA_(microarchitecture)#RDNA_2 RDNA 2RDNA2] cards were unveiled on October 28, 2020.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_RX_6000_series AMD Radeon RX 6000 on Wikipedia]
* [https://developer.amd.com/wp-content/resources/RDNA2_Shader_ISA_November2020.pdf RDNA 2 Instruction Set Architecture]
=== Navi RDNA 1 === [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDNA_(microarchitecture) RDNA 1] cards were unveiled on July 7, 2019.
* [https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/rdna-whitepaper.pdf RDNA Whitepaper]
* [https://www.amd.com/system/files/documents/polaris-whitepaper.pdf Architecture Whitepaper]
=== Southern Islands GCN 1st gen ===
Southern Island cards introduced the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Core_Next GCN] architecture in 2012.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_HD_7000_series AMD Radeon HD 7000 on Wikipedia]
* [https://amd.wpenginepowered.com/wordpress/media/2013/10/si_programming_guide_v2.pdf Southern Islands Programming Guide]
* [https://amd.wpenginepowered.com/wordpress/media/2013/07/AMD_Southern_Islands_Instruction_Set_Architecture1.pdf Southern Islands Instruction Set Architecture]
== Apple ==
* [https://images.nvidia.com/aem-dam/Solutions/geforce/ada/nvidia-ada-gpu-architecture.pdf Ada GPU Whitepaper]
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/ada-tuning-guide/index.html Ada Tuning Guide]
=== Hopper Architecture ===
* [https://resources.nvidia.com/en-us-tensor-core Hopper H100 Whitepaper]
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/hopper-tuning-guide/index.html Hopper Tuning Guide]
=== Ampere Architecture ===
* [https://www.nvidia.com/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/Data-Center/nvidia-ampere-architecture-whitepaper.pdf Ampere GA100 Whitepaper]
* [https://www.nvidia.com/content/PDF/nvidia-ampere-ga-102-gpu-architecture-whitepaper-v2.pdf Ampere GA102 Whitepaper]
* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/ampere-tuning-guide/index.html Ampere GPU Architecture Tuning Guide]
=== Turing Architecture ===
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_(microarchitecture) Turing] cards were first released in 2018. They are the first consumer cores to launch with RTX, for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics) raytracing], features. These are also the first consumer cards to launch with TensorCores used for matrix multiplications to accelerate [[Neural Networks#Convolutional|convolutional neural networks]]. The Turing GTX line of chips do not offer RTX or TensorCores.
* [https://www.nvidia.com/content/dam/en-zz/Solutions/design-visualization/technologies/turing-architecture/NVIDIA-Turing-Architecture-Whitepaper.pdf Architectural Turing Architecture Whitepaper]* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/turing-tuning-guide/index.html Turing Tuning Guide]
=== Volta Architecture ===
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta_(microarchitecture) Volta] cards were released in 2017. They were the first cards to launch with TensorCores, supporting matrix multiplications to accelerate [[Neural Networks#Convolutional|convolutional neural networks]].
* [https://images.nvidia.com/content/volta-architecture/pdf/volta-architecture-whitepaper.pdf Volta Architecture Whitepaper]* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/volta-tuning-guide/index.html Volta Tuning Guide]
=== Pascal Architecture ===
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(microarchitecture) Pascal] cards were first released in 2016.
* [https://images.nvidia.com/content/pdf/tesla/whitepaper/pascal-architecture-whitepaper.pdf Pascal Architecture Whitepaper]* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/pascal-tuning-guide/index.html Pascal Tuning Guide]
=== Maxwell Architecture ===
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell(microarchitecture) Maxwell] cards were first released in 2014.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721113746/http://international.download.nvidia.com/geforce-com/international/pdfs/GeForce_GTX_980_Whitepaper_FINAL.PDF Maxwell Architecture Whitepaper on archiv.org]* [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/maxwell-tuning-guide/index.html Maxwell Tuning Guide]
== PowerVR ==
