Shura-Bura's Program
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Shura-Bura's Program,
an early Soviet chess program developed by a group of scientists at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics headed by Mikhail R. Shura-Bura, including Igor B. Zadyhailo and Marat A. Evgrafov, with further support of physicist and science journalist Volʹdemar Smilga. A brief description of the program was given in an interview with Shura-Bura on computer chess by V. Tumanov, published as part in the 8th Bulletin of the Botvinnik Tal 1961 revenge-match for the world chess championship - entitled "The best move in 58 seconds", cited in Jaap van den Herik's Ph.D. thesis Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie [1]. Further, two games of the program were published. A more elaborate description was given by Evgrafov and Zadyhailo in 1965, featuring some M-20 machine code with comments [2].
Description
Board Representation
The chess position structure obtains a piece to square interaction map, that includes seven different features to speed up move generation and evaluation [3]:
- Piece attacks and can move to Square
- Piece does not attack but can move to Square
- Piece attacks and but can not move to Square
- Piece indirectly attacks Square through a sliding piece
- Piece indirectly attacks Square through a pawn attack
- Piece indirectly attacks Square through a Piece not attacking Square
- Blocked pawn target
Evaluation
The program is reported to select the best move with the help of a static evaluation function, which had seven distinct components:
- Material (Pawn 1; Knight, Bishop 3.5; Rook 5; Queen 9.5; King 109)
- Mobility
- Static Exchange Evaluation
- Pawn Structure
- Center Control
- King Safety - Patterns
- King Safety - Pawn Shield
See also
Publications
- В. Туманов (1961). «Лучший ход» — за 58 секунд. Таль—Ботвинник: матч-реванш на первенство мира. Бюллетень Центрального шахматного клуба СССР, № 8
- V. Tumanov (1961). The best move in 58 seconds. 8th Bulletin of the Botvinnik Tal 1961 revenge-match
- М. А. Евграфов, И. Б. Задыхайло (1965). Некоторые соображения о программировании шахматной игры. / Сб. Проблемы кибернетики, №15
- Marat A. Evgrafov, Igor B. Zadyhailo (1965). Some Considerations for Chess Game Programming. in Problems of Cybernetic, No. 15 [4]
- Jaap van den Herik (1983). Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch), 2.2.9. Sjoera-Boera
Forum Posts
- Re: The mystery of Alex Bernstein by Sergei S. Markoff, CCC, June 08, 2019 » Alex Bernstein
- Re: The mystery of Alex Bernstein by Roman Zhukov, CCC, June 08, 2019
- Re: The mystery of Alex Bernstein by Sergei S. Markoff, CCC, June 08, 2019
External Links
- Schachcomputer - Geschichte - 6 by Karsten Bauermeister (German)
- Computerschach - ein Überblick von Mathias Grontzki (German)
References
- ↑ Jaap van den Herik (1983). Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch), 2.2.9. Sjoera-Boera - translation from Russian by J.P. Warris, Russian teacher at TH Delft
- ↑ М. А. Евграфов, И. Б. Задыхайло (1965). Некоторые соображения о программировании шахматной игры. / Сб. Проблемы кибернети
- ↑ Re: The mystery of Alex Bernstein by Sergei S. Markoff, CCC, June 08, 2019
- ↑ Re: The mystery of Alex Bernstein by Roman Zhukov, CCC, June 08, 2019