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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Colossus Chess'''
[[FILE:Colossus_Chess_4_C64_3D.png|border|right|thumb|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colossus_Chess_4_C64_3D.png| Colossus Chess 4.0 [[3D Graphics Board|3D board]] on [[Commodore 64|C64]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_Chess Colossus Chess from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Colossus Chess''', (Colossus)<br/>
the series of chess programs by [[Martin Bryant]] developed from 1983 on an [[Apple II]] in [[6502]] [[Assembly]], based on Bryant's former program [[White Knight]].
Colossus Chess 2.0 was the first commercial release in 1884 for the [[Commodore 64]] and this and subsequent versions for other 6502, [[Z80]], [[68000]] and [[8086]] based [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer home computers] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer personal computers], such as [[Atari 8-bit]], [[BBC Micro]], [[Amstrad CPC]], [[ZX Spectrum]], [[Atari ST]], [[Amiga]], and finally for the [[IBM PC]].
Colossus Chess pioneered a sophisticated [[GUI]] with an optional [[3D Graphics Board|3D chessboard]], and lot of new features for that time, and has become one of the best selling chess programs of all time <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
Colossus Chess played the [[European MCC 1983]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London] and the [[WMCCC 1984]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow Glasgow].
=Colossus Chess UCI=
While the work on the commercial Colossus Chess series finished in 1991, Martin Bryant started a completely new and freely available [[UCI]] version in 2004, running under [[Windows]], first written in [[C sharp|C#]] then converted to [[C]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_Chess Colossus Chess from Wikipedia]</ref>, released in 2005 through 2008 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23914 Colossus 2008b available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 23, 2008</ref>.
Some features as mentioned in History / Test Results of the Colossus Chess UCI site <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20160517033111/http://www.colossusgames.co.uk/chess/colossuschessuci.htm Colossus Chess UCI], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]</ref>:
==[[Search]]==
* [[Iterative Deepening]]
* [[Aspiration Windows]]
* [[Fail-Soft]] [[Principal Variation Search]]
* [[Transposition Table]]
* [[Move Ordering]]
** [[Internal Iterative Deepening]]
** [[Killer Heuristic]]
* [[Selectivity]]
** [[Passed Pawn Extensions]] (in [[Endgame]] only)
** [[Recapture Extensions]]
** [[Null Move Pruning#AdaptiveNullMovePruning|Adaptive Null Move Pruning]]
** [[Futility Pruning]]
** [[Mate Distance Pruning]]
** [[Futility Pruning#MoveCountBasedPruning|Late Move Pruning]]
** [[Late Move Reductions]]
* [[Quiescence Search]]
==[[Evaluation]]==
* [[Lazy Evaluation]]
* [[Material]]
* [[Mobility]]
* [[Rook on Seventh]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
** [[Pawn Hash Table]]
** [[Doubled Pawn]]
** [[Passed Pawn]]
** [[Candidate Passed Pawn]]
** [[Pawn Race|Pawn Race Code]]
* [[Tarrasch Rule]]
* [[Wrong Color Bishop and Rook Pawn]]
* [[King Safety]]
* [[Mate at a Glance]]
==Misc==
* [[Perft]]
=See also=
* [[White Knight]]
=Publications=
* [[Martin Bryant]] ('''1984'''). ''Chess software for home computers''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games Computer & Video Games], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1984.html January 1984], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/C_V_Games_Software_January_1984.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[Tony Harrington]] ('''1984'''). ''Of might and men''. [http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/mags/pcn/top_lvl.html Personal Computer News], [http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/mags/pcn/cats/pcn086.html November 1984], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/PCW_November_1984.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/sSM1VmPXiRs/2GnSpzSO-lkJ Searching for Martin P. Bryant / Colossus X -Chess] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], November 08, 1996
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/ImM6kb4pjxc/UMeuQYOPz4wJ Colossus X - how strong today ?] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], June 25, 1998
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=72319 Re: Stadistic question: Nero 5, Colossus Chess X, CM3000] by [[Jari Huikari]], [[CCC]], October 08, 1999 » [[Nero]]
==2000 ...==
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=152329 old and very old programs, colossus chess... sargon...] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[CCC]], January 28, 2001
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=230247 Interview with Martin Bryant, the Man behind Colossus] by [[Fernando Villegas]], [[CCC]], May 18, 2002
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=362202 isn't there a new version of colossus ?] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[CCC]], April 29, 2004
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=457095 Colossus Chess - Still life in the old horse] by [[Bryan Whitby]], [[CCC]], October 21, 2005
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=16616 Colossus 2007d Available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 22, 2007
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23563 Colossus 2008a available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 07, 2008
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?t=23606 Colossus 2008a : 2453] by [[Patrick Buchmann]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2008
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23914 Colossus 2008b available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 23, 2008
==2010 ...==
* [http://kirill-kryukov.com/chess/discussion-board/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=5632&start=1 Re: Colossus 2008b] by [[Graham Banks]], [[Computer Chess Forums|CCRL Discussion Board]], January 12, 2011 (Download)
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65961 Colossus 2008b] by [[Bryan Whitby]], [[CCC]], December 10, 2017
=External Links=
==Chess Engines==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_Chess Colossus Chess from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=487 Colossus' (Chess) ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] by [[Mike Watters]]
===Colossus 2.0===
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_c64_colossus_2.html Commodore 64/128 Old Computer Chess Game Collection - Colossus 2] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.gamebase64.com/game.php?id=1578 Colossus Chess 2.0] from [http://www.gamebase64.com/index.php GameBase 64]
* [http://www.lemon64.com/?game_id=3030 Colossus Chess 2.0 - Lemon - Commodore 64, C64 Games, Reviews & Music!]
===Colossus 3.0===
* [http://www.atarimania.com/game-atari-400-800-xl-xe-colossus-chess-30_1135.html Atari 400 800 XL XE - Colossus Chess 3.0] from [http://www.atarimania.com/index.html The World's Finest Atari Database]
===Colossus 4.0===
* [http://www.gb64.com/oldsite/gameofweek/8/gotw_colossus4.htm Colossus Chess 4.0] from [http://www.gb64.com/oldsite/database.htm The Gamebase Collection]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_c64_colossus_4.html Commodore 64/128 Old Computer Chess Game Collection - Colossus 4] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.lemon64.com/?game_id=518 Colossus Chess 4.0 - Lemon - Commodore 64, C64 Games, Reviews & Music!]
: [http://www.gb64.com/oldsite/gameofweek/8/colossus4/Colossus4docs.txt Colossus Chess 4.0 product manual (C64)]
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001018 Colossus Chess 4 - World of Spectrum]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/spectrum_48k_colossus_chess_4_.html Spectrum 48K - Old Home Computer Chess Games Collection - Colossus Chess 4.0] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/colossus-chess-4 Colossus Chess 4 for Amstrad CPC (1986)] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/bbc-micro_/colossus-chess-4/adblurbs Colossus Chess 4 for BBC Micro (1986) Ad Blurbs] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]
===Colossus X===
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/atari_st_colossus_chess_x.html Atari ST Old Computer Chess Game Collection - Colossus Chess X] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://hol.abime.net/3066 Colossus Chess X : Hall Of Light – The database of Amiga games]
* [http://www.top-5000.nl/cp.htm Free Chess Downloads] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]]
===Colossus Chess UCI?===
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160517033111/http://www.colossusgames.co.uk/chess/colossuschessuci.htm Colossus Chess UCI], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Colossus&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Colossus] in [[CCRL|CCRL 40/40]]
==Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus Colossus from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes Colossus of Rhodes from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colossus_of_Rhodes_%28novel%29 The Colossus of Rhodes (novel)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon Colossi of Memnon from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer Colossus computer from Wikipedia]
: [http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/lorenz/index.htm Lorenz ciphers and the Colossus] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Sale Tony Sale], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bletchley_Park Bletchley Park] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_cipher Lorenz cipher from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(comics) Colossus (comics) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_%28novel%29 Colossus (novel) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fall_of_Colossus The Fall of Colossus]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_and_the_Crab Colossus and the Crab]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus:_The_Forbin_Project Colossus: The Forbin Project (film) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Colosseum from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum_%28disambiguation%29 Colosseum (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [[:Category:Colosseum|Colosseum]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum_Live#Track_listing Rope Ladder to the Moon], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Clarke Mark Clarke], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clem_Clempson Clem Clempson], [[:Category:Chris Farlowe|Chris Farlowe]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Greenslade Dave Greenslade], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Heckstall-Smith Dick Heckstall-Smith], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Hiseman Jon Hiseman]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joujh2jLL1A|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Commercial]]
[[Category:DosEngine]]
[[Category:UCI]]
[[Category:Comics]]
[[Category:Fiction]]
[[Category:Statue]]
[[Category:Colosseum]]
[[Category:Chris Farlowe]]
[[FILE:Colossus_Chess_4_C64_3D.png|border|right|thumb|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colossus_Chess_4_C64_3D.png| Colossus Chess 4.0 [[3D Graphics Board|3D board]] on [[Commodore 64|C64]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_Chess Colossus Chess from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Colossus Chess''', (Colossus)<br/>
the series of chess programs by [[Martin Bryant]] developed from 1983 on an [[Apple II]] in [[6502]] [[Assembly]], based on Bryant's former program [[White Knight]].
Colossus Chess 2.0 was the first commercial release in 1884 for the [[Commodore 64]] and this and subsequent versions for other 6502, [[Z80]], [[68000]] and [[8086]] based [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer home computers] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer personal computers], such as [[Atari 8-bit]], [[BBC Micro]], [[Amstrad CPC]], [[ZX Spectrum]], [[Atari ST]], [[Amiga]], and finally for the [[IBM PC]].
Colossus Chess pioneered a sophisticated [[GUI]] with an optional [[3D Graphics Board|3D chessboard]], and lot of new features for that time, and has become one of the best selling chess programs of all time <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
Colossus Chess played the [[European MCC 1983]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London] and the [[WMCCC 1984]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow Glasgow].
=Colossus Chess UCI=
While the work on the commercial Colossus Chess series finished in 1991, Martin Bryant started a completely new and freely available [[UCI]] version in 2004, running under [[Windows]], first written in [[C sharp|C#]] then converted to [[C]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_Chess Colossus Chess from Wikipedia]</ref>, released in 2005 through 2008 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23914 Colossus 2008b available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 23, 2008</ref>.
Some features as mentioned in History / Test Results of the Colossus Chess UCI site <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20160517033111/http://www.colossusgames.co.uk/chess/colossuschessuci.htm Colossus Chess UCI], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]</ref>:
==[[Search]]==
* [[Iterative Deepening]]
* [[Aspiration Windows]]
* [[Fail-Soft]] [[Principal Variation Search]]
* [[Transposition Table]]
* [[Move Ordering]]
** [[Internal Iterative Deepening]]
** [[Killer Heuristic]]
* [[Selectivity]]
** [[Passed Pawn Extensions]] (in [[Endgame]] only)
** [[Recapture Extensions]]
** [[Null Move Pruning#AdaptiveNullMovePruning|Adaptive Null Move Pruning]]
** [[Futility Pruning]]
** [[Mate Distance Pruning]]
** [[Futility Pruning#MoveCountBasedPruning|Late Move Pruning]]
** [[Late Move Reductions]]
* [[Quiescence Search]]
==[[Evaluation]]==
* [[Lazy Evaluation]]
* [[Material]]
* [[Mobility]]
* [[Rook on Seventh]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
** [[Pawn Hash Table]]
** [[Doubled Pawn]]
** [[Passed Pawn]]
** [[Candidate Passed Pawn]]
** [[Pawn Race|Pawn Race Code]]
* [[Tarrasch Rule]]
* [[Wrong Color Bishop and Rook Pawn]]
* [[King Safety]]
* [[Mate at a Glance]]
==Misc==
* [[Perft]]
=See also=
* [[White Knight]]
=Publications=
* [[Martin Bryant]] ('''1984'''). ''Chess software for home computers''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games Computer & Video Games], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1984.html January 1984], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/C_V_Games_Software_January_1984.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[Tony Harrington]] ('''1984'''). ''Of might and men''. [http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/mags/pcn/top_lvl.html Personal Computer News], [http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/mags/pcn/cats/pcn086.html November 1984], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/PCW_November_1984.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/sSM1VmPXiRs/2GnSpzSO-lkJ Searching for Martin P. Bryant / Colossus X -Chess] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], November 08, 1996
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/ImM6kb4pjxc/UMeuQYOPz4wJ Colossus X - how strong today ?] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], June 25, 1998
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=72319 Re: Stadistic question: Nero 5, Colossus Chess X, CM3000] by [[Jari Huikari]], [[CCC]], October 08, 1999 » [[Nero]]
==2000 ...==
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=152329 old and very old programs, colossus chess... sargon...] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[CCC]], January 28, 2001
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=230247 Interview with Martin Bryant, the Man behind Colossus] by [[Fernando Villegas]], [[CCC]], May 18, 2002
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=362202 isn't there a new version of colossus ?] by [[Thorsten Czub]], [[CCC]], April 29, 2004
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=457095 Colossus Chess - Still life in the old horse] by [[Bryan Whitby]], [[CCC]], October 21, 2005
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=16616 Colossus 2007d Available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 22, 2007
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23563 Colossus 2008a available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 07, 2008
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?t=23606 Colossus 2008a : 2453] by [[Patrick Buchmann]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2008
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=23914 Colossus 2008b available] by [[Martin Bryant]], [[CCC]], September 23, 2008
==2010 ...==
* [http://kirill-kryukov.com/chess/discussion-board/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=5632&start=1 Re: Colossus 2008b] by [[Graham Banks]], [[Computer Chess Forums|CCRL Discussion Board]], January 12, 2011 (Download)
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65961 Colossus 2008b] by [[Bryan Whitby]], [[CCC]], December 10, 2017
=External Links=
==Chess Engines==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_Chess Colossus Chess from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=487 Colossus' (Chess) ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] by [[Mike Watters]]
===Colossus 2.0===
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_c64_colossus_2.html Commodore 64/128 Old Computer Chess Game Collection - Colossus 2] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.gamebase64.com/game.php?id=1578 Colossus Chess 2.0] from [http://www.gamebase64.com/index.php GameBase 64]
* [http://www.lemon64.com/?game_id=3030 Colossus Chess 2.0 - Lemon - Commodore 64, C64 Games, Reviews & Music!]
===Colossus 3.0===
* [http://www.atarimania.com/game-atari-400-800-xl-xe-colossus-chess-30_1135.html Atari 400 800 XL XE - Colossus Chess 3.0] from [http://www.atarimania.com/index.html The World's Finest Atari Database]
===Colossus 4.0===
* [http://www.gb64.com/oldsite/gameofweek/8/gotw_colossus4.htm Colossus Chess 4.0] from [http://www.gb64.com/oldsite/database.htm The Gamebase Collection]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_c64_colossus_4.html Commodore 64/128 Old Computer Chess Game Collection - Colossus 4] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.lemon64.com/?game_id=518 Colossus Chess 4.0 - Lemon - Commodore 64, C64 Games, Reviews & Music!]
: [http://www.gb64.com/oldsite/gameofweek/8/colossus4/Colossus4docs.txt Colossus Chess 4.0 product manual (C64)]
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001018 Colossus Chess 4 - World of Spectrum]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/spectrum_48k_colossus_chess_4_.html Spectrum 48K - Old Home Computer Chess Games Collection - Colossus Chess 4.0] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/colossus-chess-4 Colossus Chess 4 for Amstrad CPC (1986)] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/bbc-micro_/colossus-chess-4/adblurbs Colossus Chess 4 for BBC Micro (1986) Ad Blurbs] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]
===Colossus X===
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/atari_st_colossus_chess_x.html Atari ST Old Computer Chess Game Collection - Colossus Chess X] from [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://hol.abime.net/3066 Colossus Chess X : Hall Of Light – The database of Amiga games]
* [http://www.top-5000.nl/cp.htm Free Chess Downloads] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]]
===Colossus Chess UCI?===
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160517033111/http://www.colossusgames.co.uk/chess/colossuschessuci.htm Colossus Chess UCI], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Colossus&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Colossus] in [[CCRL|CCRL 40/40]]
==Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus Colossus from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes Colossus of Rhodes from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colossus_of_Rhodes_%28novel%29 The Colossus of Rhodes (novel)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon Colossi of Memnon from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer Colossus computer from Wikipedia]
: [http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/lorenz/index.htm Lorenz ciphers and the Colossus] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Sale Tony Sale], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bletchley_Park Bletchley Park] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_cipher Lorenz cipher from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(comics) Colossus (comics) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_%28novel%29 Colossus (novel) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fall_of_Colossus The Fall of Colossus]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_and_the_Crab Colossus and the Crab]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus:_The_Forbin_Project Colossus: The Forbin Project (film) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Colosseum from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum_%28disambiguation%29 Colosseum (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [[:Category:Colosseum|Colosseum]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum_Live#Track_listing Rope Ladder to the Moon], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Clarke Mark Clarke], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clem_Clempson Clem Clempson], [[:Category:Chris Farlowe|Chris Farlowe]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Greenslade Dave Greenslade], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Heckstall-Smith Dick Heckstall-Smith], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Hiseman Jon Hiseman]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joujh2jLL1A|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Commercial]]
[[Category:DosEngine]]
[[Category:UCI]]
[[Category:Comics]]
[[Category:Fiction]]
[[Category:Statue]]
[[Category:Colosseum]]
[[Category:Chris Farlowe]]
