25,161
edits
Changes
Created page with "'''Home * Knowledge * Cognition * CHREST''' '''CHREST''', (Chunk Hierarchy and REtrieval STructures)<br/> a cognitive architecture that mo..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Knowledge]] * [[Cognition]] * CHREST'''
'''CHREST''', (Chunk Hierarchy and REtrieval STructures)<br/>
a [[Cognition|cognitive architecture]] that models human [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception perception], [[Learning|learning]], [[Memory|memory]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving problem solving]. It is distinctive in its emphasis on the importance of perception and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention attention], and in following human constraints such as limitations on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory short-term memory], [[Chunking|chunking]] and processing speed. [[Fernand Gobet]] is principal investigator of CHREST, influenced by the earlier [[EPAM]] model, originally designed by [[Herbert Simon]] and [[Edward Feigenbaum]] <ref>[[Edward Feigenbaum]] ('''1959'''). ''[http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P1817.html An Information Processing Theory of Verbal Learning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation RAND Paper]</ref> <ref>[[Edward Feigenbaum]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1984'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364021384800051 EPAMlike models of recognition and learning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science], Vol. 8, 305-336, [http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/1984v08/i04/p0305p0336/MAIN.PDF pdf]</ref>.
CHREST consists of a blending of ideas proposed in earlier computer models of different aspects of chess <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html A Computer Model of Chess Memory].'' Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468</ref>, [[Mater]] by [[George Baylor|Baylor]] and [[Herbert Simon|Simon]] <ref>[[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE A chess mating combinations program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies AFIPS]</ref>, [[Perceiver]] by [[Michael Barenfeld|Barenfeld]] and Simon <ref>[[Herbert Simon]], [[Michael Barenfeld]] ('''1969'''). ''[http://libra.msra.cn/Publication/36921984/information-processing-analysis-of-perceptual-processes-in-problem-solving Information-processing analysis of perceptual processes in problem solving]''. Psychological Review, Vol. 76, No. 5</ref>, and [[MAPP]] by [[Kevin J. Gilmartin|Gilmartin]] and Simon <ref>[[Herbert Simon]], [[Kevin J. Gilmartin]] ('''1973'''). ''A Simulation of Memory for Chess Positions''. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 5, pp. 29-46.</ref> and originated from modeling work on chess expertise.
=CHUMP=
One application of CHREST was the [[Pattern Learning|pattern learning]] chess program [[CHUMP]] by Gobet and [[Peter Jansen]] <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]</ref> , where an [[Eye Movements|eye movement]] simulator, the only part of the system where the rules of the game influence the learning process, scans the board, and directs its attention to [[Pieces|pieces]] and [[Squares|squares]] it expects, given the current node in its discrimination net, attack, defense and [[Distance|proximity relations]] between pieces.
=Architecture=
[[FILE:chrestarchitecture.png|none|border|text-bottom|480px|link=http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html]]
An overview of the architecture of CHREST <ref>[http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html Design of CHREST]</ref>
=See also=
* [[CHUMP]]
* [[Chunking]]
* [[EPAM]]
* [[MAPP]]
* [[Perceiver]]
=Publications=
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html A Computer Model of Chess Memory].'' Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html Perception and memory in chess]. Heuristics of the professional eye.'' Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc word reprint].
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2404_4/abstract Five Seconds or Sixty? Presentation Time in Expert Memory]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science], Vol. 24, No. 4
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]], [http://my.ilstu.edu/%7Esfcroke/ Steve Croker], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/indices/a-tree/c/Cheng:Peter_C=_H=.html Peter C-H. Cheng], [http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/Profiles/53951-1-4/Dr_Gary_Jones.aspx Gary Jones], [http://ijosblog.blogspot.de/2012_02_01_archive.html Iain Oliver], [http://www.liv.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/julian-pine/ Julian M. Pine] ('''2001'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300016624 Chunking mechanisms in human learning]''. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2001'''). ''Is Experts' Knowledge Modular?'' Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science Society], [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/CogSci-2001-DAPCS.pdf pdf]
* [[Pertti Saariluoma]], [[Tei Laine]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9450.00223/abstract Novice construction of chess memory]''. [http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Scandinavian_Journal_of_Psychology Scandinavian Journal of Psychology], Vol. 42, No. 2
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2134 CHREST tutorial: Simulations of human learning]''. [http://www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/cogsci2004/ CogSci 2004]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1110/abstract Chunking Models of Expertise: Implications for Education]''. Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''Chunk hierarchies and retrieval structures: Comments on Saariluoma and Laine. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42''. [http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/806/1/Saariluoma_Laine_reply.pdf pdf]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1064 An Investigation into the Effect of Ageing on Expert Memory with CHREST]''. UKCI 2007
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Richard L. Smith]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2963 Attention mechanisms in the CHREST cognitive architecture]''. Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Attention in Cognitive Systems
* [[Roy W. Roring III]] ('''2008'''). ''Reviewing Expert Chess Performance: A Production-Based Theory of Chess Skill''. Ph.D. thesis, advisor [[Neil Charness]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_State_University Florida State University]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3503 Checking chess checks with chunks: A model of simple check detection]''. [http://sideshow.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/rcooper/iccm2009/proceedings/ ICCM 2009]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHREST CHREST from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.chrest.info// CHREST Home]
* [http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html Design of CHREST]
* [http://www.psyc.nott.ac.uk/research/credit/projects/CHREST/ CHREST - Centre for Research in Development, Instruction and Training] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham University of Nottingham]
* [[:Category:Flora Purim|Flora Purim]] - Open Your Eyes You Can Fly, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: [[:Category:Flora Purim|Flora Purim]], [[:Category:George Duke|George Duke]], [http://www.davidamaro.com/ David Amaro], [[:Category:Alphonso Johnson|Alphonso Johnson]], [[:Category:Airto Moreira|Airto Moreira]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_%22Ndugu%22_Chancler Leon "Ndugu" Chancler]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvMO-73Rw4k|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Cognition|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:George Duke]]
[[Category:Alphonso Johnson]]
[[Category:Airto Moreira]]
[[Category:Flora Purim]]
'''CHREST''', (Chunk Hierarchy and REtrieval STructures)<br/>
a [[Cognition|cognitive architecture]] that models human [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception perception], [[Learning|learning]], [[Memory|memory]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving problem solving]. It is distinctive in its emphasis on the importance of perception and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention attention], and in following human constraints such as limitations on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory short-term memory], [[Chunking|chunking]] and processing speed. [[Fernand Gobet]] is principal investigator of CHREST, influenced by the earlier [[EPAM]] model, originally designed by [[Herbert Simon]] and [[Edward Feigenbaum]] <ref>[[Edward Feigenbaum]] ('''1959'''). ''[http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P1817.html An Information Processing Theory of Verbal Learning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation RAND Paper]</ref> <ref>[[Edward Feigenbaum]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''1984'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364021384800051 EPAMlike models of recognition and learning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science], Vol. 8, 305-336, [http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/1984v08/i04/p0305p0336/MAIN.PDF pdf]</ref>.
CHREST consists of a blending of ideas proposed in earlier computer models of different aspects of chess <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html A Computer Model of Chess Memory].'' Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468</ref>, [[Mater]] by [[George Baylor|Baylor]] and [[Herbert Simon|Simon]] <ref>[[George Baylor|George W. Baylor]], [[Herbert Simon|Herbert A. Simon]] ('''1966'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1464182.1464233&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE A chess mating combinations program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies AFIPS]</ref>, [[Perceiver]] by [[Michael Barenfeld|Barenfeld]] and Simon <ref>[[Herbert Simon]], [[Michael Barenfeld]] ('''1969'''). ''[http://libra.msra.cn/Publication/36921984/information-processing-analysis-of-perceptual-processes-in-problem-solving Information-processing analysis of perceptual processes in problem solving]''. Psychological Review, Vol. 76, No. 5</ref>, and [[MAPP]] by [[Kevin J. Gilmartin|Gilmartin]] and Simon <ref>[[Herbert Simon]], [[Kevin J. Gilmartin]] ('''1973'''). ''A Simulation of Memory for Chess Positions''. Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 5, pp. 29-46.</ref> and originated from modeling work on chess expertise.
=CHUMP=
One application of CHREST was the [[Pattern Learning|pattern learning]] chess program [[CHUMP]] by Gobet and [[Peter Jansen]] <ref>[[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]</ref> , where an [[Eye Movements|eye movement]] simulator, the only part of the system where the rules of the game influence the learning process, scans the board, and directs its attention to [[Pieces|pieces]] and [[Squares|squares]] it expects, given the current node in its discrimination net, attack, defense and [[Distance|proximity relations]] between pieces.
=Architecture=
[[FILE:chrestarchitecture.png|none|border|text-bottom|480px|link=http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html]]
An overview of the architecture of CHREST <ref>[http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html Design of CHREST]</ref>
=See also=
* [[CHUMP]]
* [[Chunking]]
* [[EPAM]]
* [[MAPP]]
* [[Perceiver]]
=Publications=
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/papers/ModelChessMem/Chess%20Memory.html A Computer Model of Chess Memory].'' Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 463-468.
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/chess_program.html Towards a Chess Program Based on a Model of Human Memory].'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Adriaan de Groot]], [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/abstracts/deGroot_abstract.html Perception and memory in chess]. Heuristics of the professional eye.'' Assen: Van Gorcum, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-232-2949-5. Chapter 9; A discussion: Two authors, two different views? [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/%7Ehsstffg/preprints/DeGroot_Gobet_Chapter_9.doc word reprint].
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Herbert Simon]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog2404_4/abstract Five Seconds or Sixty? Presentation Time in Expert Memory]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science], Vol. 24, No. 4
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]], [http://my.ilstu.edu/%7Esfcroke/ Steve Croker], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/indices/a-tree/c/Cheng:Peter_C=_H=.html Peter C-H. Cheng], [http://www.ntu.ac.uk/apps/Profiles/53951-1-4/Dr_Gary_Jones.aspx Gary Jones], [http://ijosblog.blogspot.de/2012_02_01_archive.html Iain Oliver], [http://www.liv.ac.uk/psychology-health-and-society/staff/julian-pine/ Julian M. Pine] ('''2001'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661300016624 Chunking mechanisms in human learning]''. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 6
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2001'''). ''Is Experts' Knowledge Modular?'' Proceedings of the 23rd Meeting of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_Science_Society Cognitive Science Society], [http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~hsstffg/papers/CogSci-2001-DAPCS.pdf pdf]
* [[Pertti Saariluoma]], [[Tei Laine]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9450.00223/abstract Novice construction of chess memory]''. [http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Scandinavian_Journal_of_Psychology Scandinavian Journal of Psychology], Vol. 42, No. 2
* [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2134 CHREST tutorial: Simulations of human learning]''. [http://www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/cogsci2004/ CogSci 2004]
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1110/abstract Chunking Models of Expertise: Implications for Education]''. Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 2
* [[Fernand Gobet]] ('''2007'''). ''Chunk hierarchies and retrieval structures: Comments on Saariluoma and Laine. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42''. [http://dspace.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/806/1/Saariluoma_Laine_reply.pdf pdf]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1064 An Investigation into the Effect of Ageing on Expert Memory with CHREST]''. UKCI 2007
* [[Peter Lane]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Richard L. Smith]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2963 Attention mechanisms in the CHREST cognitive architecture]''. Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Attention in Cognitive Systems
* [[Roy W. Roring III]] ('''2008'''). ''Reviewing Expert Chess Performance: A Production-Based Theory of Chess Skill''. Ph.D. thesis, advisor [[Neil Charness]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_State_University Florida State University]
* [[Richard L. Smith]], [[Fernand Gobet]], [[Peter Lane]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3503 Checking chess checks with chunks: A model of simple check detection]''. [http://sideshow.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/rcooper/iccm2009/proceedings/ ICCM 2009]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHREST CHREST from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.chrest.info// CHREST Home]
* [http://www.chrest.info/chrest.html Design of CHREST]
* [http://www.psyc.nott.ac.uk/research/credit/projects/CHREST/ CHREST - Centre for Research in Development, Instruction and Training] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham University of Nottingham]
* [[:Category:Flora Purim|Flora Purim]] - Open Your Eyes You Can Fly, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: [[:Category:Flora Purim|Flora Purim]], [[:Category:George Duke|George Duke]], [http://www.davidamaro.com/ David Amaro], [[:Category:Alphonso Johnson|Alphonso Johnson]], [[:Category:Airto Moreira|Airto Moreira]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_%22Ndugu%22_Chancler Leon "Ndugu" Chancler]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvMO-73Rw4k|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Cognition|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:George Duke]]
[[Category:Alphonso Johnson]]
[[Category:Airto Moreira]]
[[Category:Flora Purim]]
