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Created page with "'''Home * Hardware * PDP-11''' FILE:Pdp-11-40.jpg|border|right|thumb|PDP-11/40 <ref>PDP-11/40 as exhibited in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technisches_M..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * PDP-11'''
[[FILE:Pdp-11-40.jpg|border|right|thumb|PDP-11/40 <ref>PDP-11/40 as exhibited in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technisches_Museum_Wien Vienna Technical Museum]. The processor is at the bottom. A [http://www.pdp8.net/tu56/tu56.shtml TU56] dual [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECtape DECtape] drive is installed above it. Photo by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Stefan_K%C3%B6gl Stefan Kögl], December 18, 2005, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en CC BY-SA 3.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11 PDP-11 from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''PDP-11''',<br/>
a series of 16-bit [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputer minicomputers] manufactured and sold by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] from 1970 into the 1990s. The PDP-11 was a [[Little-endian|little-endian]] machine, concerning the byte-order of 16-bit [[Word|words]] in memory <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness#Endianness_and_hardware Endianness and hardware from Wikipedia]</ref>. The first officially named version of [[Unix]] ran on the PDP-11/20 in 1970. The [[C|C programming language]] was written to take advantage of PDP-11 features to rewrite Unix in a high level language. Further, the chess machine [[Belle]] by [[Ken Thompson]] and [[Joe Condon]] was composed of a PDP-11/23 with several custom boards.
=Photos=
[[FILE:Ken Thompson (sitting) and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11 (2876612463).jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px]]
[[Ken Thompson]] (sitting) and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] working together at a PDP-11, ca 1972 <ref>[http://www.netzmafia.de/skripten/unix/unix11.html 11.5 An amusing photo] from Lecture "UNIX" by [http://www.netzmafia.de/hm/plate.html Jürgen Plate] (German), [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en CC BY-SA 2.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson Ken Thompson from Wikipedia]</ref>
=Orthogonal Instruction Set=
The PDP-11 processor architecture had a mostly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_instruction_set orthogonal instruction set], and influenced the design of microprocessors, such as [[Motorola|Motorola's]] [[68000]]. Almost any operand could apply any of eight [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture#Addressing_modes addressing modes] to eight registers R0 to R7, where R0 to R5 were general purpose registers, R6 the [[Stack]]- and R7 the instruction pointer.
=Unibus=
A second innovation was the memory bus called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibus Unibus] - input and output devices were mapped to memory addresses, and no special I/O instructions or buses were needed.
=See also=
* [[6800]]
* [[68000]]
* [[PDP-1]]
* [[PDP-6]]
* [[PDP-8]]
* [[PDP-10]]
* [[Nova]]
* [[VAX]]
=Publications=
<ref>[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/digital/decmuseum.htm Gordon Bell's Publications]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], Roger Cady, Harold McFarland, Bruce Delagi, J. O'Laughlin, R. Noonan, W. Wulf ('''1970'''). ''A New Architecture for Mini-Computers - The DEC PDP-11''. [http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/dec/pdp-11/dec.pdp-11.a_new_architecture_for_mini-computers-the_dec_pdp-11.1970.102630380.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/CGB%20Files/New%20Architecture%20PDP11%20SJCC%201970%20c.pdf pdf] from [[Microsoft|Microsoft Research]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/strecker Bill Strecker] ('''1975'''). ''What We Learned From the PDP-11''. [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/Digital/Bell_Strecker_What_we%20_learned_fm_PDP-11c%207511.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11 PDP-11 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_Data_Processor Programmed Data Processor from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture PDP-11 architecture from Wikipedia]
* [http://hampage.hu/pdp-11/birth.html PDP-11 - Introduction]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102691362 PDP 11/40 minicomputer system] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102670832 PDP11/70 minicomputer] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/pdp-11.html PDP-11] by [http://ed-thelen.org/ Ed Thelen]
* [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/dec/pdp11/ /pdf/dec/pdp11] from [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/ bitsavers.org]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MACRO-11 MACRO-11 from Wikipedia] (PDP-11 [[Assembly]])
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Pdp-11-40.jpg|border|right|thumb|PDP-11/40 <ref>PDP-11/40 as exhibited in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technisches_Museum_Wien Vienna Technical Museum]. The processor is at the bottom. A [http://www.pdp8.net/tu56/tu56.shtml TU56] dual [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECtape DECtape] drive is installed above it. Photo by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Stefan_K%C3%B6gl Stefan Kögl], December 18, 2005, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en CC BY-SA 3.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11 PDP-11 from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''PDP-11''',<br/>
a series of 16-bit [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputer minicomputers] manufactured and sold by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] from 1970 into the 1990s. The PDP-11 was a [[Little-endian|little-endian]] machine, concerning the byte-order of 16-bit [[Word|words]] in memory <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness#Endianness_and_hardware Endianness and hardware from Wikipedia]</ref>. The first officially named version of [[Unix]] ran on the PDP-11/20 in 1970. The [[C|C programming language]] was written to take advantage of PDP-11 features to rewrite Unix in a high level language. Further, the chess machine [[Belle]] by [[Ken Thompson]] and [[Joe Condon]] was composed of a PDP-11/23 with several custom boards.
=Photos=
[[FILE:Ken Thompson (sitting) and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11 (2876612463).jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px]]
[[Ken Thompson]] (sitting) and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] working together at a PDP-11, ca 1972 <ref>[http://www.netzmafia.de/skripten/unix/unix11.html 11.5 An amusing photo] from Lecture "UNIX" by [http://www.netzmafia.de/hm/plate.html Jürgen Plate] (German), [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en CC BY-SA 2.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson Ken Thompson from Wikipedia]</ref>
=Orthogonal Instruction Set=
The PDP-11 processor architecture had a mostly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_instruction_set orthogonal instruction set], and influenced the design of microprocessors, such as [[Motorola|Motorola's]] [[68000]]. Almost any operand could apply any of eight [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture#Addressing_modes addressing modes] to eight registers R0 to R7, where R0 to R5 were general purpose registers, R6 the [[Stack]]- and R7 the instruction pointer.
=Unibus=
A second innovation was the memory bus called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibus Unibus] - input and output devices were mapped to memory addresses, and no special I/O instructions or buses were needed.
=See also=
* [[6800]]
* [[68000]]
* [[PDP-1]]
* [[PDP-6]]
* [[PDP-8]]
* [[PDP-10]]
* [[Nova]]
* [[VAX]]
=Publications=
<ref>[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/digital/decmuseum.htm Gordon Bell's Publications]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], Roger Cady, Harold McFarland, Bruce Delagi, J. O'Laughlin, R. Noonan, W. Wulf ('''1970'''). ''A New Architecture for Mini-Computers - The DEC PDP-11''. [http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/dec/pdp-11/dec.pdp-11.a_new_architecture_for_mini-computers-the_dec_pdp-11.1970.102630380.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/CGB%20Files/New%20Architecture%20PDP11%20SJCC%201970%20c.pdf pdf] from [[Microsoft|Microsoft Research]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [http://www.computer.org/portal/web/awards/strecker Bill Strecker] ('''1975'''). ''What We Learned From the PDP-11''. [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/Digital/Bell_Strecker_What_we%20_learned_fm_PDP-11c%207511.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11 PDP-11 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_Data_Processor Programmed Data Processor from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture PDP-11 architecture from Wikipedia]
* [http://hampage.hu/pdp-11/birth.html PDP-11 - Introduction]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102691362 PDP 11/40 minicomputer system] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102670832 PDP11/70 minicomputer] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/pdp-11.html PDP-11] by [http://ed-thelen.org/ Ed Thelen]
* [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/dec/pdp11/ /pdf/dec/pdp11] from [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/ bitsavers.org]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MACRO-11 MACRO-11 from Wikipedia] (PDP-11 [[Assembly]])
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
