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Created page with "'''Home * Hardware * CDC 6600''' FILE:CDC 6600.jc.jpg|border|right|thumb|CDC 6600 <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40648743@N00/4345058981 Supercomputer..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * CDC 6600'''
[[FILE:CDC 6600.jc.jpg|border|right|thumb|CDC 6600 <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40648743@N00/4345058981 Supercomputer - The Beginnings | Flickr - Fotosharing] by [http://www.couperus.org/ Jitze Couperus]</ref>. ]]
The '''CDC 6600''' was a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer mainframe computer] manufactured by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation Control Data Corporation], designed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Cray Seymour Cray] <ref>[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/craytalk/sld001.htm A Seymour Cray Perspective] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota University of Minnesota], November 10, 1997</ref>, and flagship of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6000_series CDC 6000] series, first delivered in 1964. It is generally considered to be the first successful [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer supercomputer], outperforming its fastest predecessor, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_7030_Stretch IBM 7030 Stretch], by about three times. Its circuits were cooled by extensive chilled water plumbing. It remained the world's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969, when it relinquished that status to its successor, the '''CDC 7600'''
=CDC 6400=
The '''CDC 6400''' was architecturally compatible with the CDC 6600. In contrast to the 6600, which had 10 parallel functional units which could work on multiple instructions at the same time, the 6400 had a unified arithmetic unit, which could only work on a single instruction at a time. This resulted in a slower, lower-performance CPU, but one that cost significantly less <ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6400 CDC 6400 from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Architecture=
The 6600 can be considered as first [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computing RISC] architecture. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit central processor] had 60-bit words, the peripheral processors had 12-bit words. CDC used the term [[Byte|byte]] to refer to 12-bit entities used by peripheral processors - characters were 6-bit, and central processor instructions were either 15 bits, or 30 bits with a signed 18-bit address field, the latter allowing for a directly addressable memory space of 128K words of central memory (converted to modern terms, with 8-bit bytes, this is 0.94 MiB). It had eight general purpose 60-bit registers X0 through X7, eight 18-bit address registers A0 through A7, and eight 18-bit scratchpad registers B0 through B7. B0 was held permanently at zero by the hardware; many programmers found it useful to set B1 to 1 and then treat it as similarly inviolate <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6600 CDC 6600 from Wikipedia]</ref>. The signed nature of the address registers limited an individual program to 128K words.
<span id="PopulationCount"></span>
=Population Count=
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency NSA] had demanded the implementation of the [[Population Count|population count]] opcode for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis cryptanalysis] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography cryptography] purpose, which was implemented by using the hardware of the divide unit <ref>[http://cryptome.org/jya/sadd.htm Sideways Add / Population Count] by [http://www.couperus.org/ Jitze Couperus] and [[Steven M. Bellovin|Steve Bellovin]] et al., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2Net cryptography@c2.net], January 28, 1999</ref>.
=Chess Programs=
Several early chess programs ran on the CDC 6600, notably [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.0]] and [[Beal]] during the [[WCCC 1974]]
* [[Beal]]
* [[Chess (Program)|Chess]]
* [[Chess 0.5]]
* [[Dark Horse]]
* [[Merlin]]
* [[Mr. Turk]]
=See also=
* [[CDC Cyber]]
* [[Cray-1]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://cryptome.org/jya/sadd.htm Sideways Add / Population Count] by [http://www.couperus.org/ Jitze Couperus], [[Steven M. Bellovin|Steve Bellovin]] and [http://de.linkedin.com/in/horns Axel H. Horns], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2Net cryptography@c2.net], January 28, 1999 » [[Population Count]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=38521 A brief history of the popcnt instruction] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], March 22, 2011
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6600 CDC 6600 from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ACDC_6600 Talk:CDC 6600 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6000_series CDC 6000 series from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6400 CDC 6400 from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.couperus.org/Albums/Bayview/ Welcome To The Bayview Club]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/search.php?searchField=cdc+6600&x=26&y=8&companiesOpt=com-42b9d5af185f1 CDC 6600] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.museumwaalsdorp.nl/computer/en/6400hist.html Museum Waalsdorp: Computer history - Control Data 6000 series]
* [http://www.mentallandscape.com/Computer_CDC.htm Control Data 6600] by [http://www.mentallandscape.com/Index.htm Don P. Mitchell]
* [http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/vs-cdc-6600.html Control Data Corporation, CDC-6600 & 7600] by [http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/index.html Ed Thelen]
* [http://starringthecomputer.com/computer.html?c=137 Starring the Computer - CDC 6600]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:CDC 6600.jc.jpg|border|right|thumb|CDC 6600 <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/40648743@N00/4345058981 Supercomputer - The Beginnings | Flickr - Fotosharing] by [http://www.couperus.org/ Jitze Couperus]</ref>. ]]
The '''CDC 6600''' was a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer mainframe computer] manufactured by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation Control Data Corporation], designed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Cray Seymour Cray] <ref>[http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/craytalk/sld001.htm A Seymour Cray Perspective] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Bell Gordon Bell], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota University of Minnesota], November 10, 1997</ref>, and flagship of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6000_series CDC 6000] series, first delivered in 1964. It is generally considered to be the first successful [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer supercomputer], outperforming its fastest predecessor, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_7030_Stretch IBM 7030 Stretch], by about three times. Its circuits were cooled by extensive chilled water plumbing. It remained the world's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969, when it relinquished that status to its successor, the '''CDC 7600'''
=CDC 6400=
The '''CDC 6400''' was architecturally compatible with the CDC 6600. In contrast to the 6600, which had 10 parallel functional units which could work on multiple instructions at the same time, the 6400 had a unified arithmetic unit, which could only work on a single instruction at a time. This resulted in a slower, lower-performance CPU, but one that cost significantly less <ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6400 CDC 6400 from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Architecture=
The 6600 can be considered as first [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computing RISC] architecture. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit central processor] had 60-bit words, the peripheral processors had 12-bit words. CDC used the term [[Byte|byte]] to refer to 12-bit entities used by peripheral processors - characters were 6-bit, and central processor instructions were either 15 bits, or 30 bits with a signed 18-bit address field, the latter allowing for a directly addressable memory space of 128K words of central memory (converted to modern terms, with 8-bit bytes, this is 0.94 MiB). It had eight general purpose 60-bit registers X0 through X7, eight 18-bit address registers A0 through A7, and eight 18-bit scratchpad registers B0 through B7. B0 was held permanently at zero by the hardware; many programmers found it useful to set B1 to 1 and then treat it as similarly inviolate <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6600 CDC 6600 from Wikipedia]</ref>. The signed nature of the address registers limited an individual program to 128K words.
<span id="PopulationCount"></span>
=Population Count=
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency NSA] had demanded the implementation of the [[Population Count|population count]] opcode for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis cryptanalysis] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography cryptography] purpose, which was implemented by using the hardware of the divide unit <ref>[http://cryptome.org/jya/sadd.htm Sideways Add / Population Count] by [http://www.couperus.org/ Jitze Couperus] and [[Steven M. Bellovin|Steve Bellovin]] et al., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2Net cryptography@c2.net], January 28, 1999</ref>.
=Chess Programs=
Several early chess programs ran on the CDC 6600, notably [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.0]] and [[Beal]] during the [[WCCC 1974]]
* [[Beal]]
* [[Chess (Program)|Chess]]
* [[Chess 0.5]]
* [[Dark Horse]]
* [[Merlin]]
* [[Mr. Turk]]
=See also=
* [[CDC Cyber]]
* [[Cray-1]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://cryptome.org/jya/sadd.htm Sideways Add / Population Count] by [http://www.couperus.org/ Jitze Couperus], [[Steven M. Bellovin|Steve Bellovin]] and [http://de.linkedin.com/in/horns Axel H. Horns], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2Net cryptography@c2.net], January 28, 1999 » [[Population Count]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=38521 A brief history of the popcnt instruction] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], March 22, 2011
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6600 CDC 6600 from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ACDC_6600 Talk:CDC 6600 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6000_series CDC 6000 series from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC_6400 CDC 6400 from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.couperus.org/Albums/Bayview/ Welcome To The Bayview Club]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/search.php?searchField=cdc+6600&x=26&y=8&companiesOpt=com-42b9d5af185f1 CDC 6600] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.museumwaalsdorp.nl/computer/en/6400hist.html Museum Waalsdorp: Computer history - Control Data 6000 series]
* [http://www.mentallandscape.com/Computer_CDC.htm Control Data 6600] by [http://www.mentallandscape.com/Index.htm Don P. Mitchell]
* [http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/vs-cdc-6600.html Control Data Corporation, CDC-6600 & 7600] by [http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/index.html Ed Thelen]
* [http://starringthecomputer.com/computer.html?c=137 Starring the Computer - CDC 6600]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
