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Created page with "'''Home * People * Garry Kasparov''' border|right|thumb| Garry Kasparov celebrating [[Alan Turing in 2012 <ref>Garry Ka..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Garry Kasparov'''
[[FILE:Garry Kasparov IMG 0130.JPG|border|right|thumb| Garry Kasparov celebrating [[Alan Turing]] in 2012 <ref>Garry Kasparov speaking at the [[Alan Turing|Turing]] [http://curation.cs.manchester.ac.uk/Turing100/www.turing100.manchester.ac.uk/?man=true centennial conference] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester Manchester], June 25, 2012, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garry_Kasparov_IMG_0130.JPG Photo] by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:David.Monniaux David.Monniaux], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov - Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Garry Kasparov''', (born April 13, 1963)<br/>
a Russian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess) chess grandmaster], former [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship World Chess Champion], writer, and political activist.
In the computer chess world, he is most famous to lose the [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997|match]] versus [[Deep Blue]] in 1997,
stylized as one of the ultimate goals of computer chess by the computer chess and AI establishment <ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1986'''). ''When will Brute Force Programs beat Kasparov?'' [[ICGA Journal#9_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2]]</ref>, and publicised as humanity's defeat against the machine.
=Brief Chess Career=
Garry Kasparov became [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship World Chess Champion] after defeating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov Anatoly Karpov] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985 1985 championship] seven months after the controversial finish of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984 1984 championship].
He defended his title versus Karpov three times, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986 1986], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987 1987] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990 1990].
In 1993, a dispute with [[FIDE]] led Kasparov to set up the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association Professional Chess Association] (PCA),
yielding in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993 split title]. Garry Kasparov played [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Short Nigel Short] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993#1993_PCA_match PCA match], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Timman Jan Timman] played Anatoly Karpov in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993#1993_FIDE_match FIDE match], won by Kasparov and Karpov respectively.
Kasparov defended the PCA title in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995 1995] versus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand Viswanathan Anand], and finally lost in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000 2000] versus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik Vladimir Kramnik].
Garry Kasparov continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player when he retired from professional chess in 2005 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Computer Chess=
Garry Kasparov pioneered in using [[Databases|chess databases]] and [[Engines|engines]] for preparation - his further computer chess relations was due to product endorsement and licensees, as [[:Category:Opening Book Author|opening book author]], and of course due to his man versus machine matches.
==SciSys Endorsement==
In 1983 Garry Kasparov started his cooperation with [[Saitek|SciSys]] by [[Eric Winkler]], in 1987 renamed to [[Saitek]].
Kasparov became additional brand name of SciSys and Saitek chess computers, the first one was the [[Turbostar|Kasparov Turbostar]] with a [[Heuristic Software]] program
by [[Julio Kaplan]] and [[Craig Barnes]] <ref>[http://www.p4r.org.ar/biografias/kaplan.htm Interview with Julio P Kaplan], July 8, 2006 (Spanish)</ref>.
Kasparov was also engaged as [[:Category:Opening Book Author|opening book author]].
The '''Kasparov Selected Openings''', a 8 KiB [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] [[Module|module]] featured many of Garry Kasparov’s favorite opening lines and contain an additional program which allows it to recognize [[Transposition|transpositions]] <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/turbostar_432_kso.html SciSys Kasparov Turbostar 432 KSO Electronic Chess Computer], [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>.
It did not arrive until early 1985 <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
Beside others, further notable Kasparov branded chess computer modules were [[Saitek Brute Force|Kasparov Brute Force]] with a [[Frans Morsch]] program,
and [[Kasparov Sparc]], the final program by [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]].
==ChessBase==
Garry Kasparov was early initiator, tester, and promoter of [[ChessBase (Database)|ChessBase]] <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/chebase-is-25-everything-25-off-in-our-shop ChessBase is 25], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 19, 2011</ref>.
He pioneered the use of databases and software engines for opening preparation and for checking his ideas <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/kasparov-on-25-years-of-chebase Kasparov on 25 Years of ChessBase], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 8, 2011</ref>.
<span id="Licensees"></span>
==Kasparov Licensees==
Various commercial chess programs were Kasparov licensees <ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/game-group/kasparov-licensees Kasparov licensees] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]</ref>,
notably [[Kasparov's Gambit]] with a [[Don Dailey]] and [[Larry Kaufman]] program in 1993, [[Virtual Kasparov]] (2001) based on a chess engine by [[Marc-François Baudot]] and [[Jean-Christophe Weill]],
and [[Kasparov Chessmate]] (2003) based on the [[Ruffian]] engine by [[Perola Valfridsson]].
==Kasparov vs Machines==
===Matches===
* [[Kasparov Simul vs 32 Micros Hamburg 1985]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989]]
* [[Chess Genius#IntelGrandPrix|Kasparov versus Chess Genius 1994]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003]]
* [[Kasparov versus X3D Fritz 2003]]
===Workshops===
* [[Deep Blue#AAAI Workshop|Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003#Symposium|Man vs Machine Symposium]]
=See also=
* [[Saitek]] (SciSys)
** [[Turbostar|Kasparov Turbostar]]
** [[Saitek Brute Force|Kasparov Brute Force]]
** [[SciSys Leonardo#Renaissance|Kasparov Renaissance]]
** [[Kasparov Sparc]]
* [[#Licensees|Kasparov Licensees]]
** [[Kasparov's Gambit]]
** [[Virtual Kasparov]]
** [[Kasparov Chessmate]]
* [[Turochamp#Video|Kasparov versus Turing]]
=Selected Publications=
==By Kasparov==
===1980 ...===
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Raymond Keene] ('''1982'''). ''Batsford Chess Openings''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%26W_Media_International David & Charles], [https://www.amazon.com/Batsford-Chess-Openings-Garry-Kasparov/dp/0713421126/ref=pd_lpo_14_t_1/135-2512076-2235138?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0713421126&pd_rd_r=1401c8de-5851-4b93-b113-c26a63539fc0&pd_rd_w=BxPpA&pd_rd_wg=5Orl8&pf_rd_p=7b36d496-f366-4631-94d3-61b87b52511b&pf_rd_r=Q43EK7W8XVB6SWRWZTQQ&psc=1&refRID=Q43EK7W8XVB6SWRWZTQQ amazon]
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''1985'''). ''World Chess Championship Match: Moscow, 1985''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon_Press Pergamon Russian Chess]
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''1986'''). ''Garry Kasparov: New World Chess Champion''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon_Press Pergamon Press], [https://www.amazon.com/Garry-Kasparov-World-Chess-Champion/dp/B0016860PE amazon]
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trelford Donald Trelford] ('''1987'''). ''Child of Change''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchinson_(publisher) Hutchinson] <ref>[https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/child.html Kasparov's Child of Change] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian) Edward Winter]</ref>
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Raymond Keene] ('''1997'''). ''Batsford Chess Openings''. 2nd edition, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion_Books Batsford], [https://www.amazon.com/BCO2-Batsford-Chess-Openings-No/dp/0713460997/ref=pd_lpo_14_t_0/135-2512076-2235138?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0713460997&pd_rd_r=3d0fd737-a01e-41a5-8abc-4c47fa863c3c&pd_rd_w=ZPWn8&pd_rd_wg=qmuPQ&pf_rd_p=7b36d496-f366-4631-94d3-61b87b52511b&pf_rd_r=XBY1WR7C2TAVF6PXTQJH&psc=1&refRID=XBY1WR7C2TAVF6PXTQJH amazon]
===2000 ...===
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_King_(chess_player) Daniel King] ('''2000'''). '' Kasparov Against the World: The Story of the Greatest Online Challenge''. KasparovChess Online
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2003'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Great_Predecessors My Great Predecessors Part I]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everyman_Chess Everyman Chess]
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2003'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part II''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2004'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part III''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2004'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part IV''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2006'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part V''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2007'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Great_Predecessors#Modern_Chess Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part I: Revolution in the 70s]''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2008'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part II: Kasparov vs Karpov 1975–1985''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2009'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part III: Kasparov vs Karpov 1986–1987''. Everyman Chess
===2010 ...===
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2010'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part IV: Kasparov vs Karpov 1988–2009''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2011'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part I''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2013'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part II''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2014'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part III''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2015'''). ''[http://www.kasparov.com/winter-is-coming/ Winter Is Coming]''. [https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/ PublicAffairs]
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [[Mig Greengard]] ('''2017'''). ''[http://www.kasparov.com/deep-thinking-ai/ Deep Thinking]''. PublicAffairs
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2017'''). ''Don’t Fear Intelligent Machines: Work with Them''. [[ICGA Journal#39_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2]] <ref>[https://www.ted.com/talks/garry_kasparov_don_t_fear_intelligent_machines_work_with_them/transcript Transcript] of [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garry_kasparov Kasparov’s TED talk], May 2017</ref>
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2018'''). ''[https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1087 Chess, a Drosophila of reasoning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_(journal) Science], Vol. 362, No. 6419
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''2018'''). ''Reconstructing Turing’s “paper machine”''. [[ICGA Journal#40_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2]] » [[Turochamp]]
==About Kasparov==
===1986===
* [[David Levy]] ('''1986'''). ''When will Brute Force Programs beat Kasparov?'' [[ICGA Journal#9_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2]]
===1990 ...===
* [[David Levy]] ('''1990'''). ''How Will Chess Programs Beat Kasparov''? [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
* [[Lewis Stiller]] ('''1991'''). ''Karpov and Kasparov: The End is Perfection.'' [[ICGA Journal#14_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4]]
* [[David Levy]] ('''1994'''). ''Straight on to Kasparov''. [[ICGA Journal#17-2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2]]
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1994'''). ''Pentium Genius Beats Kasparov: A Report on the Intel Speed Chess Grand Prix in London''. [[ICGA Journal#17_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3]]
===1996===
* [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''1996'''). ''The Kasparov - Deep Blue Match''. [[ICGA Journal#19_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan Yasser Seirawan] ('''1996'''). ''The Kasparov - Deep Blue Games''. [[ICGA Journal#19_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1]]
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1996'''). ''Why did Kasparov Blink?'' [[ICGA Journal#19_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2]]
* [[Toshinori Munakata]] ('''1996'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=234001 Thoughts on Deep Blue vs. Kasparov]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 39, No. 7, [http://cis.csuohio.edu/~munakata/publs/pdf/cacm96.pdf pdf]
===1997===
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1997'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4612-2260-6 Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age].'' [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer] <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] ('''1998'''). ''Review of Monty Newborn: Kasparov versus Deep Blue''. [http://www.ams.org/notices/199804/bkrev-berliner.pdf pdf]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_King_(chess_player) Daniel King] ('''1997'''). ''[https://www.books-by-isbn.com/0-7134/0713483229-Kasparov-V.-Deeper-Blue-The-Ultimate-Man-V.-Machine-Challenge-0-7134-8322-9.html Kasparov VS. Deeper Blue: The Ultimate Man VS. Machine Challenge]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion_Books Batsford]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan Yasser Seirawan], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Toshinori Munakata]] ('''1997'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=257878 The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 40, No. 8, [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/5-4.The_implications_of_deep_blue_vs_kasparov/5-4.The_implications_of_deep_blue_vs_kasparov.simon_seirawan.1997.ACM.062303057.sm.pdf pdf] hosted by [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Aske Plaat]] ('''1997'''). ''[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/PREVIOUS/Grad/Papers/db.html Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch]''. [[ICGA Journal#20_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2]]
* [[Eric Hallsworth]] ('''1997'''). ''Deep[er] Blue2 vs Gary Kasparov - IBM Challenge - the Re-Match''. [[Selective Search]] 70, pp. 19, [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/SS_70.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[Robert Morris]] (ed.) ('''1997'''). ''[https://aaai.org/Library/Workshops/ws97-04.php Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence]''. Technical Report WS-97-04, [[AAAI#Press|AAAI Press]] » [[#AAAI Workshop|Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop]] <ref>[https://www.dblp.org/db/conf/aaai/aaai1997w6.html AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997]</ref> <ref>[http://www1.ucsc.edu/oncampus/currents/97-05-05/chess.htm "Deep Blue" inspires deep thinking about artificial intelligence by computer scientist] by [http://scicom.ucsc.edu/faculty/ Robert Irion], May 5, 1997</ref>
===1998 ...===
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1998'''). ''Advanced Chess by Kasparov and Topalov''. [[ICGA Journal#21_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2]]
* [[Eugene Nalimov]], [[Christoph Wirth]], [[Guy Haworth]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/4564/ KQQKQQ and the Kasparov-World Game]''. [[ICGA Journal#22_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasparov_versus_the_World Kasparov versus the World from Wikipedia]</ref>
* P. Marko, [[Guy Haworth]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/4565/ The Kasparov-World Match]''. [[ICGA Journal#22_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4]]
===2000 ...===
* [[Peter Karrer]] ('''2000'''). ''KQQKQP and KQPKQP≈''. [[ICGA Journal#23_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2]]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2000'''). ''The Kasparov-World Game''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG_(magazine) EG], Vol. 9, pp. 107-111
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://press.princeton.edu/titles/7342.html Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[David Levy]] ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220174526_The_State_of_the_Art_in_Man_vs_Machine_Chess The State of the Art in Man vs. “Machine” Chess]''. [[ICGA Journal#26_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1]] » [[PV Extensions]]
* [[Karsten Müller]] ('''2003'''). ''Man Equals Machine in Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#26_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''2003'''). ''The First FIDE Man-Machine World Chess Championship''. [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/publications/miscellaneous_publications/enpassant.pdf pdf]
* [[David Levy]] ('''2003'''). ''Kasparov vs X3D Fritz''. [[ICGA Journal#26_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4]] <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/post/david-levy-on-kasparov-vs-x3d-fritz David Levy on Kasparov vs X3D Fritz], November 21, 2003</ref>
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://computerschach.de/Files/2000/Schachmatt%20in%20Virtual%20Reality.pdf Schachmatt in Virtual Reality]''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] Online, Probeausgabe (German)
===2010 ...===
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2013'''). ''Turing, Kasparov and the Future''. [[ICGA Journal#36_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1]] » [[Alan Turing]], [[Turochamp]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.kasparov.com/ Home | Kasparov]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.chessgames.com/player/garry_kasparov.html The chess games of Garry Kasparov], [https://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
* LiA Kasparov - Visionamento, January 2020, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G890NUWyLyE|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
==Matches==
=== World Championship===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984 World Chess Championship 1984 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985 World Chess Championship 1985 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986 World Chess Championship 1986 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987 World Chess Championship 1987 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990 World Chess Championship 1990 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993 World Chess Championship 1993 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995 Classical World Chess Championship 1995 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000 Classical World Chess Championship 2000 from Wikipedia]
===Machine Matches===
* [https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/challenging-the-world-champion/ Challenging the World Champion | Mastering the Game]], [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Garry_Kasparov Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Kasparov,_1996,_Game_1 Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1996, Game 1]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Kasparov,_1997,_Game_6 Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6]
===Misc===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasparov_versus_the_World Kasparov versus the World from Wikipedia]
==ChessBase==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/chebase-is-25-everything-25-off-in-our-shop ChessBase is 25], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 19, 2011
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/kasparov-on-25-years-of-chebase Kasparov on 25 Years of ChessBase], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 8, 2011
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/garry-kasparov-on-how-it-all-started Garry Kasparov on how it all started] by [[Frederic Friedel]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 24, 2017
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Chess Player|Kasparov]]
[[Category:Opening Book Author|Kasparov]]
[[Category:Videos|Kasparov]]
[[FILE:Garry Kasparov IMG 0130.JPG|border|right|thumb| Garry Kasparov celebrating [[Alan Turing]] in 2012 <ref>Garry Kasparov speaking at the [[Alan Turing|Turing]] [http://curation.cs.manchester.ac.uk/Turing100/www.turing100.manchester.ac.uk/?man=true centennial conference] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester Manchester], June 25, 2012, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garry_Kasparov_IMG_0130.JPG Photo] by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:David.Monniaux David.Monniaux], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov - Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Garry Kasparov''', (born April 13, 1963)<br/>
a Russian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess) chess grandmaster], former [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship World Chess Champion], writer, and political activist.
In the computer chess world, he is most famous to lose the [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997|match]] versus [[Deep Blue]] in 1997,
stylized as one of the ultimate goals of computer chess by the computer chess and AI establishment <ref>[[David Levy]] ('''1986'''). ''When will Brute Force Programs beat Kasparov?'' [[ICGA Journal#9_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2]]</ref>, and publicised as humanity's defeat against the machine.
=Brief Chess Career=
Garry Kasparov became [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship World Chess Champion] after defeating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov Anatoly Karpov] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985 1985 championship] seven months after the controversial finish of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984 1984 championship].
He defended his title versus Karpov three times, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986 1986], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987 1987] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990 1990].
In 1993, a dispute with [[FIDE]] led Kasparov to set up the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association Professional Chess Association] (PCA),
yielding in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993 split title]. Garry Kasparov played [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Short Nigel Short] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993#1993_PCA_match PCA match], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Timman Jan Timman] played Anatoly Karpov in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993#1993_FIDE_match FIDE match], won by Kasparov and Karpov respectively.
Kasparov defended the PCA title in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995 1995] versus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand Viswanathan Anand], and finally lost in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000 2000] versus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik Vladimir Kramnik].
Garry Kasparov continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player when he retired from professional chess in 2005 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Computer Chess=
Garry Kasparov pioneered in using [[Databases|chess databases]] and [[Engines|engines]] for preparation - his further computer chess relations was due to product endorsement and licensees, as [[:Category:Opening Book Author|opening book author]], and of course due to his man versus machine matches.
==SciSys Endorsement==
In 1983 Garry Kasparov started his cooperation with [[Saitek|SciSys]] by [[Eric Winkler]], in 1987 renamed to [[Saitek]].
Kasparov became additional brand name of SciSys and Saitek chess computers, the first one was the [[Turbostar|Kasparov Turbostar]] with a [[Heuristic Software]] program
by [[Julio Kaplan]] and [[Craig Barnes]] <ref>[http://www.p4r.org.ar/biografias/kaplan.htm Interview with Julio P Kaplan], July 8, 2006 (Spanish)</ref>.
Kasparov was also engaged as [[:Category:Opening Book Author|opening book author]].
The '''Kasparov Selected Openings''', a 8 KiB [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] [[Module|module]] featured many of Garry Kasparov’s favorite opening lines and contain an additional program which allows it to recognize [[Transposition|transpositions]] <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/turbostar_432_kso.html SciSys Kasparov Turbostar 432 KSO Electronic Chess Computer], [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>.
It did not arrive until early 1985 <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
Beside others, further notable Kasparov branded chess computer modules were [[Saitek Brute Force|Kasparov Brute Force]] with a [[Frans Morsch]] program,
and [[Kasparov Sparc]], the final program by [[Kathe Spracklen|Kathe]] and [[Dan Spracklen]].
==ChessBase==
Garry Kasparov was early initiator, tester, and promoter of [[ChessBase (Database)|ChessBase]] <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/chebase-is-25-everything-25-off-in-our-shop ChessBase is 25], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 19, 2011</ref>.
He pioneered the use of databases and software engines for opening preparation and for checking his ideas <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/kasparov-on-25-years-of-chebase Kasparov on 25 Years of ChessBase], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 8, 2011</ref>.
<span id="Licensees"></span>
==Kasparov Licensees==
Various commercial chess programs were Kasparov licensees <ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/game-group/kasparov-licensees Kasparov licensees] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]</ref>,
notably [[Kasparov's Gambit]] with a [[Don Dailey]] and [[Larry Kaufman]] program in 1993, [[Virtual Kasparov]] (2001) based on a chess engine by [[Marc-François Baudot]] and [[Jean-Christophe Weill]],
and [[Kasparov Chessmate]] (2003) based on the [[Ruffian]] engine by [[Perola Valfridsson]].
==Kasparov vs Machines==
===Matches===
* [[Kasparov Simul vs 32 Micros Hamburg 1985]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989]]
* [[Chess Genius#IntelGrandPrix|Kasparov versus Chess Genius 1994]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003]]
* [[Kasparov versus X3D Fritz 2003]]
===Workshops===
* [[Deep Blue#AAAI Workshop|Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop]]
* [[Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003#Symposium|Man vs Machine Symposium]]
=See also=
* [[Saitek]] (SciSys)
** [[Turbostar|Kasparov Turbostar]]
** [[Saitek Brute Force|Kasparov Brute Force]]
** [[SciSys Leonardo#Renaissance|Kasparov Renaissance]]
** [[Kasparov Sparc]]
* [[#Licensees|Kasparov Licensees]]
** [[Kasparov's Gambit]]
** [[Virtual Kasparov]]
** [[Kasparov Chessmate]]
* [[Turochamp#Video|Kasparov versus Turing]]
=Selected Publications=
==By Kasparov==
===1980 ...===
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Raymond Keene] ('''1982'''). ''Batsford Chess Openings''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%26W_Media_International David & Charles], [https://www.amazon.com/Batsford-Chess-Openings-Garry-Kasparov/dp/0713421126/ref=pd_lpo_14_t_1/135-2512076-2235138?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0713421126&pd_rd_r=1401c8de-5851-4b93-b113-c26a63539fc0&pd_rd_w=BxPpA&pd_rd_wg=5Orl8&pf_rd_p=7b36d496-f366-4631-94d3-61b87b52511b&pf_rd_r=Q43EK7W8XVB6SWRWZTQQ&psc=1&refRID=Q43EK7W8XVB6SWRWZTQQ amazon]
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''1985'''). ''World Chess Championship Match: Moscow, 1985''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon_Press Pergamon Russian Chess]
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''1986'''). ''Garry Kasparov: New World Chess Champion''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamon_Press Pergamon Press], [https://www.amazon.com/Garry-Kasparov-World-Chess-Champion/dp/B0016860PE amazon]
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trelford Donald Trelford] ('''1987'''). ''Child of Change''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchinson_(publisher) Hutchinson] <ref>[https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/child.html Kasparov's Child of Change] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian) Edward Winter]</ref>
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Raymond Keene] ('''1997'''). ''Batsford Chess Openings''. 2nd edition, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion_Books Batsford], [https://www.amazon.com/BCO2-Batsford-Chess-Openings-No/dp/0713460997/ref=pd_lpo_14_t_0/135-2512076-2235138?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=0713460997&pd_rd_r=3d0fd737-a01e-41a5-8abc-4c47fa863c3c&pd_rd_w=ZPWn8&pd_rd_wg=qmuPQ&pf_rd_p=7b36d496-f366-4631-94d3-61b87b52511b&pf_rd_r=XBY1WR7C2TAVF6PXTQJH&psc=1&refRID=XBY1WR7C2TAVF6PXTQJH amazon]
===2000 ...===
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_King_(chess_player) Daniel King] ('''2000'''). '' Kasparov Against the World: The Story of the Greatest Online Challenge''. KasparovChess Online
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2003'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Great_Predecessors My Great Predecessors Part I]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everyman_Chess Everyman Chess]
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2003'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part II''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2004'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part III''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2004'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part IV''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2006'''). ''My Great Predecessors Part V''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2007'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Great_Predecessors#Modern_Chess Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part I: Revolution in the 70s]''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2008'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part II: Kasparov vs Karpov 1975–1985''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2009'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part III: Kasparov vs Karpov 1986–1987''. Everyman Chess
===2010 ...===
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2010'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part IV: Kasparov vs Karpov 1988–2009''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2011'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part I''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2013'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part II''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2014'''). ''Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, Part III''. Everyman Chess
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2015'''). ''[http://www.kasparov.com/winter-is-coming/ Winter Is Coming]''. [https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/ PublicAffairs]
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [[Mig Greengard]] ('''2017'''). ''[http://www.kasparov.com/deep-thinking-ai/ Deep Thinking]''. PublicAffairs
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2017'''). ''Don’t Fear Intelligent Machines: Work with Them''. [[ICGA Journal#39_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2]] <ref>[https://www.ted.com/talks/garry_kasparov_don_t_fear_intelligent_machines_work_with_them/transcript Transcript] of [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garry_kasparov Kasparov’s TED talk], May 2017</ref>
* [[Garry Kasparov]] ('''2018'''). ''[https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1087 Chess, a Drosophila of reasoning]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_(journal) Science], Vol. 362, No. 6419
* [[Garry Kasparov]], [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''2018'''). ''Reconstructing Turing’s “paper machine”''. [[ICGA Journal#40_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2]] » [[Turochamp]]
==About Kasparov==
===1986===
* [[David Levy]] ('''1986'''). ''When will Brute Force Programs beat Kasparov?'' [[ICGA Journal#9_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2]]
===1990 ...===
* [[David Levy]] ('''1990'''). ''How Will Chess Programs Beat Kasparov''? [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
* [[Lewis Stiller]] ('''1991'''). ''Karpov and Kasparov: The End is Perfection.'' [[ICGA Journal#14_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4]]
* [[David Levy]] ('''1994'''). ''Straight on to Kasparov''. [[ICGA Journal#17-2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2]]
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1994'''). ''Pentium Genius Beats Kasparov: A Report on the Intel Speed Chess Grand Prix in London''. [[ICGA Journal#17_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3]]
===1996===
* [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''1996'''). ''The Kasparov - Deep Blue Match''. [[ICGA Journal#19_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan Yasser Seirawan] ('''1996'''). ''The Kasparov - Deep Blue Games''. [[ICGA Journal#19_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1]]
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1996'''). ''Why did Kasparov Blink?'' [[ICGA Journal#19_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2]]
* [[Toshinori Munakata]] ('''1996'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=234001 Thoughts on Deep Blue vs. Kasparov]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 39, No. 7, [http://cis.csuohio.edu/~munakata/publs/pdf/cacm96.pdf pdf]
===1997===
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1997'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4612-2260-6 Kasparov versus Deep Blue: Computer Chess Comes of Age].'' [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer] <ref>[[Hans Berliner]] ('''1998'''). ''Review of Monty Newborn: Kasparov versus Deep Blue''. [http://www.ams.org/notices/199804/bkrev-berliner.pdf pdf]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_King_(chess_player) Daniel King] ('''1997'''). ''[https://www.books-by-isbn.com/0-7134/0713483229-Kasparov-V.-Deeper-Blue-The-Ultimate-Man-V.-Machine-Challenge-0-7134-8322-9.html Kasparov VS. Deeper Blue: The Ultimate Man VS. Machine Challenge]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavilion_Books Batsford]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan Yasser Seirawan], [[Herbert Simon]], [[Toshinori Munakata]] ('''1997'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=257878 The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 40, No. 8, [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/5-4.The_implications_of_deep_blue_vs_kasparov/5-4.The_implications_of_deep_blue_vs_kasparov.simon_seirawan.1997.ACM.062303057.sm.pdf pdf] hosted by [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Aske Plaat]] ('''1997'''). ''[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/PREVIOUS/Grad/Papers/db.html Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch]''. [[ICGA Journal#20_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2]]
* [[Eric Hallsworth]] ('''1997'''). ''Deep[er] Blue2 vs Gary Kasparov - IBM Challenge - the Re-Match''. [[Selective Search]] 70, pp. 19, [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/SS_70.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]
* [[Robert Morris]] (ed.) ('''1997'''). ''[https://aaai.org/Library/Workshops/ws97-04.php Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence]''. Technical Report WS-97-04, [[AAAI#Press|AAAI Press]] » [[#AAAI Workshop|Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop]] <ref>[https://www.dblp.org/db/conf/aaai/aaai1997w6.html AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997]</ref> <ref>[http://www1.ucsc.edu/oncampus/currents/97-05-05/chess.htm "Deep Blue" inspires deep thinking about artificial intelligence by computer scientist] by [http://scicom.ucsc.edu/faculty/ Robert Irion], May 5, 1997</ref>
===1998 ...===
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''1998'''). ''Advanced Chess by Kasparov and Topalov''. [[ICGA Journal#21_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2]]
* [[Eugene Nalimov]], [[Christoph Wirth]], [[Guy Haworth]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/4564/ KQQKQQ and the Kasparov-World Game]''. [[ICGA Journal#22_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasparov_versus_the_World Kasparov versus the World from Wikipedia]</ref>
* P. Marko, [[Guy Haworth]] ('''1999'''). ''[http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/4565/ The Kasparov-World Match]''. [[ICGA Journal#22_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4]]
===2000 ...===
* [[Peter Karrer]] ('''2000'''). ''KQQKQP and KQPKQP≈''. [[ICGA Journal#23_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2]]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2000'''). ''The Kasparov-World Game''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG_(magazine) EG], Vol. 9, pp. 107-111
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://press.princeton.edu/titles/7342.html Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[David Levy]] ('''2003'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220174526_The_State_of_the_Art_in_Man_vs_Machine_Chess The State of the Art in Man vs. “Machine” Chess]''. [[ICGA Journal#26_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1]] » [[PV Extensions]]
* [[Karsten Müller]] ('''2003'''). ''Man Equals Machine in Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#26_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''2003'''). ''The First FIDE Man-Machine World Chess Championship''. [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/publications/miscellaneous_publications/enpassant.pdf pdf]
* [[David Levy]] ('''2003'''). ''Kasparov vs X3D Fritz''. [[ICGA Journal#26_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4]] <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/post/david-levy-on-kasparov-vs-x3d-fritz David Levy on Kasparov vs X3D Fritz], November 21, 2003</ref>
* [[Frederic Friedel]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://computerschach.de/Files/2000/Schachmatt%20in%20Virtual%20Reality.pdf Schachmatt in Virtual Reality]''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] Online, Probeausgabe (German)
===2010 ...===
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2013'''). ''Turing, Kasparov and the Future''. [[ICGA Journal#36_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1]] » [[Alan Turing]], [[Turochamp]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.kasparov.com/ Home | Kasparov]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.chessgames.com/player/garry_kasparov.html The chess games of Garry Kasparov], [https://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
* LiA Kasparov - Visionamento, January 2020, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G890NUWyLyE|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
==Matches==
=== World Championship===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984 World Chess Championship 1984 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985 World Chess Championship 1985 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986 World Chess Championship 1986 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987 World Chess Championship 1987 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990 World Chess Championship 1990 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993 World Chess Championship 1993 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995 Classical World Chess Championship 1995 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000 Classical World Chess Championship 2000 from Wikipedia]
===Machine Matches===
* [https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/challenging-the-world-champion/ Challenging the World Champion | Mastering the Game]], [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Garry_Kasparov Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Kasparov,_1996,_Game_1 Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1996, Game 1]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_versus_Kasparov,_1997,_Game_6 Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6]
===Misc===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasparov_versus_the_World Kasparov versus the World from Wikipedia]
==ChessBase==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/chebase-is-25-everything-25-off-in-our-shop ChessBase is 25], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 19, 2011
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/kasparov-on-25-years-of-chebase Kasparov on 25 Years of ChessBase], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 8, 2011
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/garry-kasparov-on-how-it-all-started Garry Kasparov on how it all started] by [[Frederic Friedel]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 24, 2017
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Chess Player|Kasparov]]
[[Category:Opening Book Author|Kasparov]]
[[Category:Videos|Kasparov]]
