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Pioneer

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=Mathematical Projection=
In Botvinnik's hierarchical Mathematical Projection ('''MP''') of chess as a complex system, trajectories build the lowest level of the hierarchy. The concepts of zones as intermediate level of the MP consists of a network of main trajectories conform to attacking or defending plans determined elsewhere, negation trajectories, that is opponent's counter trajectories which may block or combat the primary trajectory in time, and own supporting counter-counter trajectories. The MP controls the growth of a [[Search Tree|search tree]] inside a [[Best-First|best-first search]], and [[Pruning|prunes]] all branches forward which could not reach a goal in time. After Botvinnik introduced the concept of Zones in 1970, Butenko refused further cooperation and began to write his own program, dubbed [[Butenko's program|programEureka]] <ref>[http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html Лингвистическая Геометрия] Бориса Штильмана (Linguistic Geometry [[Boris Stilman]]) by [[Alexander Timofeev]], [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html По стопам ПИОНЕРа]</ref> .
=Further Research=
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| Butenko's refusal to fruther further cooperate with Botvinnik
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! 1972

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