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=Mathematical Projection=
In Botvinnik's hierarchical Mathematical Projection ('''MP''') of chess as a complex system, trajectories build the lowest level of the hierarchy. The concepts of zones as intermediate level of the MP consists of a network of main trajectories conform to attacking or defending plans determined elsewhere, negation trajectories, that is opponent's counter trajectories which may block or combat the primary trajectory in time, and own supporting counter-counter trajectories. The MP controls the growth of a [[Search Tree|search tree]] inside a [[Best-First|best-first search]], and [[Pruning|prunes]] all branches forward which could not reach a goal in time. After Botvinnik introduced the concept of Zones in 1970, Butenko refused further cooperation and began to write his own [[Butenko's program|program]] <ref>[http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html Лингвистическая Геометрия] Бориса Штильмана, [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html&usg=ALkJrhjGqyvJey-MTGqcGxzMU53Od0Y7VQ (Linguistic Geometry] [[Boris Stilman]] ) by [[Alexander Timofeev]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]), [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html По стопам ПИОНЕРа], [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html&usg=ALkJrhh0I8eGI93tpR27m-YIWUnG3l5SjA In the footsteps of Pioneer]</ref> .
=Further Research=
=Timeline=
<ref>based on [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html По стопам ПИОНЕРа], [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html&usg=ALkJrhh0I8eGI93tpR27m-YIWUnG3l5SjA In the footsteps of Pioneer], [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/inPIONEERsFootsteps/Chronology_of_Model.HTM Chronology]</ref>
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* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=211423 Re: KAISSA for PC, I'm the proud owner] by [[Eugene Nalimov]], [[CCC]], February 01, 2002 » [[Kaissa]], [[Siberian Chess]]
==2010 ...==
* [http://immortalchess.net/forum/showthread.php?t=119 М. Ботвинник. Проект "ПИОНЕР"] by Kashchey the Deathless, [[Computer Chess Forums|immortalchess]], March 10, 2010, ([http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://immortalchess.net/forum/showthread.php%3Fs%3D7d0225912f40ed0d72130e802c88e9cc%26t%3D119&usg=ALkJrhg6ud8XfORqMHQaDIYcDivGaDsP_Q Botvinnik. The "Pioneer"] translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google_Translate])
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=61372 Pioneer] by [[Henk van den Belt]], [[CCC]], September 09, 2016
=External Links=
==Chess Program==
* [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html Лингвистическая Геометрия] Бориса Штильмана, [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/Frame/index.html&usg=ALkJrhjGqyvJey-MTGqcGxzMU53Od0Y7VQ (Linguistic Geometry] [[Boris Stilman]] ) by [[Alexander Timofeev]] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]): [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/EncyclopediaChess/Info/index.html Энциклопедия шахмат - Ботвинник] В.Линдер, И.Линдер, [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/EncyclopediaChess/Info/index.html&usg=ALkJrhiO_-nptHsoivZzGe9iRV4Fjgg47w (The Encyclopedia of Chess - Botvinnik] ) B. Linder, J. Linder: [http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html По стопам ПИОНЕРа], [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://atimopheyev.narod.ru/AfterPIONEER/index.html&usg=ALkJrhh0I8eGI93tpR27m-YIWUnG3l5SjA (In the footsteps of Pioneer])
* [http://www.johnljerz.com/superduper/tlxdownloadsiteMAIN/id128.html Computers, Chess and Long-range Planning by Botvinnik] by [[John L. Jerz]]
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1978/15/1195495/ Über Stand und Entwicklung seines Computer-Schachprogramms "Pionier" referierte Prof. Michael Botwinnik (67), UdSSR, auf einer einwöchigen Vortragsreise durch die Bundesrepublik], April 04, 1978, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 15/1978 (German)
