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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Evaluation]] * [[Pawn Structure]] * Pawn Center'''
Chess theory holds that it is advantageous to [[Square Control|control]] the [[Center|center]] with pawns. This principle has been stressed especially in the classical period of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_theory chess theory] to the extent that some perfectly healthy [[Opening|openings]] were considered disadvantageous on the grounds that they "give up the center" like the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Defence#Rubinstein_Variation_3...dxe4 Rubinstein line in the French]. Many of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermodernism_%28chess%29 hypermodern openings] adopt the opposite attitude, allowing the opponent to build the pawn center in order to attack it later on. It follows that the evaluation function, in order to remain flexible, should not assign too great weights to pawn center - else it would be unable to evaluate this kind of position correctly.
=Terms=
related to Pawn Center by [[Hans Kmoch]] <ref>[http://www.chessville.com/Reference_Center/Pawn_Power_Glossary.htm Glossary for Pawn Power In Chess by Hans Kmoch]</ref> <ref>[[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6, [http://books.google.com/books?id=FT7hpAiec3EC&dq=Pawn+Power+in+Chess&pg=PP1&ots=q_yCx72Ms_&sig=sKrQzXouaweUYbwCjfTcaplUF4U&hl=de&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA1,M1 Google Books], [http://www.amazon.com/Pawn-Power-Chess-Hans-Kmoch/dp/0486264866 amazon]</ref>
* Center lever - A [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|lever]] wholly within the two center files
* Center pawn - Pawn on the d- or e-file
* Centerswap - A capture from and to the d- or e-file that produces a [[Doubled Pawn|doubled pawn]]
* Innerswap - A capture towards the center that produces a doubled pawn
=Coding=
Coding pawn center evaluation routine, one can
# use values in a [[Piece-Square Tables|piece-square table]] for pawns
# raise the [[Material|material]] value of central pawns or
# assign bonuses for certain pawn configurations, like the following:
## good formation of white pawns on d4 and c4
## e4 or d4 pawn defended by another pawn
Some other evaluation factors are interrelated with the pawn center, like the penalty for a [[Evaluation of Pieces#Knight|knight on c3]] blocking c2 pawn in the closed openings.
=See also=
* [[Center]]
* [[Center Control]]
* [[Evaluation of Pieces]]
* [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)]]
* [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)]]
* [[Strategy]]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=40195 Why a Pawn Center?] by Laurence Chen, [[CCC]], January 20, 1999
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=352984 Closed pawn center and Kingsafety] by [[Gerd Isenberg]], [[CCC]], March 05, 2004
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=55292 Pawn checks and center levers] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], February 11, 2015
=External Links=
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Strategy/The_center#The_pawn_center Chess Strategy | The center | The pawn center from Wikibooks]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_chess School of chess from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermodernism_%28chess%29 Hypermodernism (chess) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.fraserheightschess.com/Documents/Pawn_Center_Types.pdf Pawn Center Types] (pdf) from [http://www.fraserheightschess.com/ Fraser Heights Chess Club]
* [http://www.chess.com/article/view/what-to-do-with-the-pawn-center What to do with the pawn center? - Chess.com]
* [http://www.chess.com/forum/view/livechess/5-main-pawn-position-in-the-center 5 main pawns positions in the center. Part 1 of 2 (open and closed center only) - Chess.com]
* [http://www.chess.com/forum/view/livechess/5-main-pawns-positions-in-the-center-part-2-of-2-mobilefixed-amp-dynamic 5 main pawns positions in the center. Part 2 of 2 (mobile,fixed & dynamic) - Chess.com]
* [http://jrobichess.blogspot.com/2007/12/pawn-centres-i-open-centre.html JROBICHESS CHESS BLOG: Pawn Centres I: Open Centre]
* [http://jrobichess.blogspot.com/2008/01/pawn-centres-ii-closed-centre.html JROBICHESS CHESS BLOG: Pawn Centres II: Closed Centre]
* [http://www.mychessblog.com/types-of-centers-and-how-to-deal-with-those/ Types of Centers and How to Deal with Those | Chess Blog]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Structure|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
Chess theory holds that it is advantageous to [[Square Control|control]] the [[Center|center]] with pawns. This principle has been stressed especially in the classical period of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_theory chess theory] to the extent that some perfectly healthy [[Opening|openings]] were considered disadvantageous on the grounds that they "give up the center" like the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Defence#Rubinstein_Variation_3...dxe4 Rubinstein line in the French]. Many of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermodernism_%28chess%29 hypermodern openings] adopt the opposite attitude, allowing the opponent to build the pawn center in order to attack it later on. It follows that the evaluation function, in order to remain flexible, should not assign too great weights to pawn center - else it would be unable to evaluate this kind of position correctly.
=Terms=
related to Pawn Center by [[Hans Kmoch]] <ref>[http://www.chessville.com/Reference_Center/Pawn_Power_Glossary.htm Glossary for Pawn Power In Chess by Hans Kmoch]</ref> <ref>[[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6, [http://books.google.com/books?id=FT7hpAiec3EC&dq=Pawn+Power+in+Chess&pg=PP1&ots=q_yCx72Ms_&sig=sKrQzXouaweUYbwCjfTcaplUF4U&hl=de&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA1,M1 Google Books], [http://www.amazon.com/Pawn-Power-Chess-Hans-Kmoch/dp/0486264866 amazon]</ref>
* Center lever - A [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|lever]] wholly within the two center files
* Center pawn - Pawn on the d- or e-file
* Centerswap - A capture from and to the d- or e-file that produces a [[Doubled Pawn|doubled pawn]]
* Innerswap - A capture towards the center that produces a doubled pawn
=Coding=
Coding pawn center evaluation routine, one can
# use values in a [[Piece-Square Tables|piece-square table]] for pawns
# raise the [[Material|material]] value of central pawns or
# assign bonuses for certain pawn configurations, like the following:
## good formation of white pawns on d4 and c4
## e4 or d4 pawn defended by another pawn
Some other evaluation factors are interrelated with the pawn center, like the penalty for a [[Evaluation of Pieces#Knight|knight on c3]] blocking c2 pawn in the closed openings.
=See also=
* [[Center]]
* [[Center Control]]
* [[Evaluation of Pieces]]
* [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)]]
* [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)]]
* [[Strategy]]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=40195 Why a Pawn Center?] by Laurence Chen, [[CCC]], January 20, 1999
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=352984 Closed pawn center and Kingsafety] by [[Gerd Isenberg]], [[CCC]], March 05, 2004
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=55292 Pawn checks and center levers] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], February 11, 2015
=External Links=
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess_Strategy/The_center#The_pawn_center Chess Strategy | The center | The pawn center from Wikibooks]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_chess School of chess from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermodernism_%28chess%29 Hypermodernism (chess) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.fraserheightschess.com/Documents/Pawn_Center_Types.pdf Pawn Center Types] (pdf) from [http://www.fraserheightschess.com/ Fraser Heights Chess Club]
* [http://www.chess.com/article/view/what-to-do-with-the-pawn-center What to do with the pawn center? - Chess.com]
* [http://www.chess.com/forum/view/livechess/5-main-pawn-position-in-the-center 5 main pawns positions in the center. Part 1 of 2 (open and closed center only) - Chess.com]
* [http://www.chess.com/forum/view/livechess/5-main-pawns-positions-in-the-center-part-2-of-2-mobilefixed-amp-dynamic 5 main pawns positions in the center. Part 2 of 2 (mobile,fixed & dynamic) - Chess.com]
* [http://jrobichess.blogspot.com/2007/12/pawn-centres-i-open-centre.html JROBICHESS CHESS BLOG: Pawn Centres I: Open Centre]
* [http://jrobichess.blogspot.com/2008/01/pawn-centres-ii-closed-centre.html JROBICHESS CHESS BLOG: Pawn Centres II: Closed Centre]
* [http://www.mychessblog.com/types-of-centers-and-how-to-deal-with-those/ Types of Centers and How to Deal with Those | Chess Blog]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Structure|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
