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Created page with "'''Home * Hardware * PDP-1''' [[FILE:PDP-1.jpg|border|right|thumb|PDP-1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube CRT], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wik..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * PDP-1'''
[[FILE:PDP-1.jpg|border|right|thumb|PDP-1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube CRT], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter TTY] and processor rack <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1#Graphics_display PDP-1 Type 30 point-mode CRT display], a vector display system, and console [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter typewriter], with processor frame in background, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1 PDP-1 from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''PDP-1''', (Programmed Data Processor-1)<br/>
the first computer in [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_Data_Processor Programmed Data Processor] series, first launched in 1960, forerunner of the [[PDP-8]] and [[PDP-11]] minicomputers, and the World's first commercial [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_computing interactive computer] used for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_control process control], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_research scientific research], and [[Graphics Programming|graphics programming]], as well as to pioneer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing timesharing systems].
Based on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TX-0 TX-0] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TX-2 TX-2] computers he had designed at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory Lincoln Laboratory], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Gurley Ben Gurley] constructed the PDP-11 in under three–and–a–half months <ref>[http://pdp-1.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/index.php?f=showitem&id=21.2 PDP-1] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>. The PDP-1 had 4K 18-bit words as standard main [[Memory|memory]], upgradable to 64K words, and an internal instruction execution rate of 100,000 to 200,000 per second <ref>[http://vt100.net/timeline/1960-3.html Digital Computing timeline 1960 - PDP-11]</ref>. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations Signed numbers] were represented in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement ones' complement].
=Hardware=
The processor consists of discrete [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor#Germanium_transistors germanium transistor] logic in form of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation#Digital_modules System Building Block modules], inserting 25 of them into a 5-1/4 inch section of a custom [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-inch_rack 19-inch rack].
[[FILE:Dec SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS 1103.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px]]
System Building Block 1103 - hex-inverter card <ref>Dec System Building Blocks 1103 hex-inverter card (both sides), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Building_Blocks#Digital_modules DEC - Digital modules from Wikipedia]</ref>
=Assembly=
In the early 60s, [[Edward Fredkin]], while affiliated with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt,_Beranek_and_Newman BBN], wrote the first PDP-1 [[Assembly|assembler]] called '''FRAP''' (Fredkin’s Assembly Program) <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Fredkin#Career Edward Fredkin - Career, from Wikipedia]</ref>.
[[FILE:fredkin_working_on_pdp1.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102631244]]
Ed Fredkin working on PDP-1 (1960 ca.) <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102631244 Ed Fredkin working on PDP-1] (1960 ca.), from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=PDP-1 Chess=
As told by [[Alan Kotok]] at the PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture, May 15, 2006 <ref>[[PDP-1#Video|The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture at 1:05:24]]</ref>, '''PDP-1 Chess''', a apparently strong new chess program developed at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt,_Beranek_and_Newman BBN] or elsewhere, was a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax hoax]. Kotok, at that time in the early 60s student at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] and PDP-1 programmer, was member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tech_Model_Railroad_Club Tech Model Railroad Club] as well as member of the chess group around [[John McCarthy]], and already co-author of [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program|Kotok-McCarthy]] for the [[IBM 7090]]. He and some of his colleagues had established a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network network], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter TTY] connection between the PDP-1 and the TX 0 in an adjoining room, where some of the better MIT chess players "simulated" PDP-1 Chess with a chess board at the TTY console, playing a game versus some testers with McCarthy involved. The "cheat" was finally noticed, when later during the game both board positions somehow became out of sync.
=Spacewar!=
In 1961/62, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Russell Steve Russell] developed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar! Spacewar!], one of the first interactive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_video_game#1961:_Spacewar.21 video games], after Alan Kotok obtained some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine sine] and cosine routines from DEC <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar! Spacewar! from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[PDP-6]]
* [[PDP-8]]
* [[PDP-10]]
* [[PDP-11]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1 PDP-1 from Wikipedia]
* [http://pdp-1.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/ Restoring the DEC PDP-1 Computer Exhibit] at [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/decpdp-1/ DEC PDP-1 Collection] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://vt100.net/timeline/1960-3.html Digital Computing timeline 1960 - PDP-11]
* <span id="Video"></span>[http://www.computerhistory.org/events/index.php?id=1142978073 The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture], May 15, 2006 (1:53:44) Mountain View, CA, USA: © '''2006''', [[The Computer History Museum]]. Panel discussion including [[Alan Kotok]] (53:50) and [[John McCarthy]] (1:27:20), moderated by [[Edward Fredkin]] from 17:40, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8zU8WQO-PY|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:PDP-1.jpg|border|right|thumb|PDP-1, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube CRT], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter TTY] and processor rack <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1#Graphics_display PDP-1 Type 30 point-mode CRT display], a vector display system, and console [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter typewriter], with processor frame in background, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1 PDP-1 from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''PDP-1''', (Programmed Data Processor-1)<br/>
the first computer in [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_Data_Processor Programmed Data Processor] series, first launched in 1960, forerunner of the [[PDP-8]] and [[PDP-11]] minicomputers, and the World's first commercial [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_computing interactive computer] used for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_control process control], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_research scientific research], and [[Graphics Programming|graphics programming]], as well as to pioneer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing timesharing systems].
Based on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TX-0 TX-0] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TX-2 TX-2] computers he had designed at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory Lincoln Laboratory], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Gurley Ben Gurley] constructed the PDP-11 in under three–and–a–half months <ref>[http://pdp-1.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/index.php?f=showitem&id=21.2 PDP-1] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>. The PDP-1 had 4K 18-bit words as standard main [[Memory|memory]], upgradable to 64K words, and an internal instruction execution rate of 100,000 to 200,000 per second <ref>[http://vt100.net/timeline/1960-3.html Digital Computing timeline 1960 - PDP-11]</ref>. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations Signed numbers] were represented in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement ones' complement].
=Hardware=
The processor consists of discrete [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor#Germanium_transistors germanium transistor] logic in form of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation#Digital_modules System Building Block modules], inserting 25 of them into a 5-1/4 inch section of a custom [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-inch_rack 19-inch rack].
[[FILE:Dec SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS 1103.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px]]
System Building Block 1103 - hex-inverter card <ref>Dec System Building Blocks 1103 hex-inverter card (both sides), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Building_Blocks#Digital_modules DEC - Digital modules from Wikipedia]</ref>
=Assembly=
In the early 60s, [[Edward Fredkin]], while affiliated with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt,_Beranek_and_Newman BBN], wrote the first PDP-1 [[Assembly|assembler]] called '''FRAP''' (Fredkin’s Assembly Program) <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Fredkin#Career Edward Fredkin - Career, from Wikipedia]</ref>.
[[FILE:fredkin_working_on_pdp1.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102631244]]
Ed Fredkin working on PDP-1 (1960 ca.) <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102631244 Ed Fredkin working on PDP-1] (1960 ca.), from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=PDP-1 Chess=
As told by [[Alan Kotok]] at the PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture, May 15, 2006 <ref>[[PDP-1#Video|The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture at 1:05:24]]</ref>, '''PDP-1 Chess''', a apparently strong new chess program developed at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolt,_Beranek_and_Newman BBN] or elsewhere, was a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax hoax]. Kotok, at that time in the early 60s student at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] and PDP-1 programmer, was member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tech_Model_Railroad_Club Tech Model Railroad Club] as well as member of the chess group around [[John McCarthy]], and already co-author of [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program|Kotok-McCarthy]] for the [[IBM 7090]]. He and some of his colleagues had established a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network network], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter TTY] connection between the PDP-1 and the TX 0 in an adjoining room, where some of the better MIT chess players "simulated" PDP-1 Chess with a chess board at the TTY console, playing a game versus some testers with McCarthy involved. The "cheat" was finally noticed, when later during the game both board positions somehow became out of sync.
=Spacewar!=
In 1961/62, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Russell Steve Russell] developed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar! Spacewar!], one of the first interactive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_video_game#1961:_Spacewar.21 video games], after Alan Kotok obtained some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine sine] and cosine routines from DEC <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar! Spacewar! from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[PDP-6]]
* [[PDP-8]]
* [[PDP-10]]
* [[PDP-11]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-1 PDP-1 from Wikipedia]
* [http://pdp-1.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/ Restoring the DEC PDP-1 Computer Exhibit] at [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/decpdp-1/ DEC PDP-1 Collection] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://vt100.net/timeline/1960-3.html Digital Computing timeline 1960 - PDP-11]
* <span id="Video"></span>[http://www.computerhistory.org/events/index.php?id=1142978073 The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture], May 15, 2006 (1:53:44) Mountain View, CA, USA: © '''2006''', [[The Computer History Museum]]. Panel discussion including [[Alan Kotok]] (53:50) and [[John McCarthy]] (1:27:20), moderated by [[Edward Fredkin]] from 17:40, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8zU8WQO-PY|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
