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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Evaluation]] * [[Game Phases]] * Middlegame'''
[[FILE:SamuelBakStudyforMiddleGame.jpg|border|right|thumb|[[Arts#Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Study for Middle Game, 1990 <ref>[https://valsur.livejournal.com/129416.html Шахматы в искусстве (22 часть) BAK Samuel] by Valerij Surkov</ref> ]]
The '''Middlegame''' is the game phase which happens after the [[Opening|opening]], where the [[Chess Game|game of chess]] literally starts after developing most [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_piece#Minor_piece minor pieces] and to prepare or already achieve [[Castling|castling]]. Quite often due to (double) pushes of the center [[Pawn|pawns]], the basic [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] is often already determined during the first moves, sometimes with center [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|rams]] involved, already defining which [[Bishop|bishop]] is good or [[Bad Bishop|bad]].
=Opening versus Middlegame=
The early middlegame does not necessarily imply a reduction of [[Material|material]] by trading [[Pawn|pawns]] or [[Pieces|pieces]]. On the other hand, early pawn trades or other [[Captures|captures]] don't necessarily imply the beginning of middlegame as long as other aims of the opening are not achieved. [[Tapered Eval|Tapered eval]] for a smooth transition between game phases by [[Piece-Square Tables#MultipleTables|multiple piece-square tables]] does usually not distinguish between opening and early middlegame with all or most material still on the board. Therefor some programmers apply special opening knowledge inside their evaluation to avoid too early queen activity or moving developed pieces multiple times while other minor pieces are still on their home square and have not moved yet (considering [[Returning Bishop|returning bishop]]). Other programs purely rely on the [[Opening Book|opening book]] and don't care to differentiate between these early phases.
=Evaluation=
Beside [[Material|material]], [[Mobility|mobility]] and [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] considerations, [[King Safety|king safety]] is the most important evaluation term in the middlegame.
=See also=
* [[Endgame]]
* [[Opening]]
* [[Strategy]]
* [[Tactics]]
=Publications=
* [[Albrecht Heeffer]] ('''1984'''). ''Automated Acquisition on Concepts for the Description of Middle-game Positions in Chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Institute Turing Institute], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow Glasgow], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland Scotland], TIRM-84-005
* [[Alex van Tiggelen]] ('''1991'''). ''Neural Networks as a Guide to Optimization - The Chess Middle Game Explored''. [[ICGA Journal#14_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3]]
* [[Miroslav Kubat]], [[Jan Žižka]] ('''2000'''). ''[https://www.muni.cz/research/publications/351333 Learning Middle Game Patterns in Chess: A Case Study]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science Lecture Notes in Computer Science], Vol. 1821, [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_middlegame Chess middlegame from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_endgame#The_start_of_the_endgame The start of the endgame]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Game Phases|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Samuel Bak]]
[[FILE:SamuelBakStudyforMiddleGame.jpg|border|right|thumb|[[Arts#Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Study for Middle Game, 1990 <ref>[https://valsur.livejournal.com/129416.html Шахматы в искусстве (22 часть) BAK Samuel] by Valerij Surkov</ref> ]]
The '''Middlegame''' is the game phase which happens after the [[Opening|opening]], where the [[Chess Game|game of chess]] literally starts after developing most [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_piece#Minor_piece minor pieces] and to prepare or already achieve [[Castling|castling]]. Quite often due to (double) pushes of the center [[Pawn|pawns]], the basic [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] is often already determined during the first moves, sometimes with center [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|rams]] involved, already defining which [[Bishop|bishop]] is good or [[Bad Bishop|bad]].
=Opening versus Middlegame=
The early middlegame does not necessarily imply a reduction of [[Material|material]] by trading [[Pawn|pawns]] or [[Pieces|pieces]]. On the other hand, early pawn trades or other [[Captures|captures]] don't necessarily imply the beginning of middlegame as long as other aims of the opening are not achieved. [[Tapered Eval|Tapered eval]] for a smooth transition between game phases by [[Piece-Square Tables#MultipleTables|multiple piece-square tables]] does usually not distinguish between opening and early middlegame with all or most material still on the board. Therefor some programmers apply special opening knowledge inside their evaluation to avoid too early queen activity or moving developed pieces multiple times while other minor pieces are still on their home square and have not moved yet (considering [[Returning Bishop|returning bishop]]). Other programs purely rely on the [[Opening Book|opening book]] and don't care to differentiate between these early phases.
=Evaluation=
Beside [[Material|material]], [[Mobility|mobility]] and [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] considerations, [[King Safety|king safety]] is the most important evaluation term in the middlegame.
=See also=
* [[Endgame]]
* [[Opening]]
* [[Strategy]]
* [[Tactics]]
=Publications=
* [[Albrecht Heeffer]] ('''1984'''). ''Automated Acquisition on Concepts for the Description of Middle-game Positions in Chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Institute Turing Institute], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow Glasgow], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland Scotland], TIRM-84-005
* [[Alex van Tiggelen]] ('''1991'''). ''Neural Networks as a Guide to Optimization - The Chess Middle Game Explored''. [[ICGA Journal#14_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3]]
* [[Miroslav Kubat]], [[Jan Žižka]] ('''2000'''). ''[https://www.muni.cz/research/publications/351333 Learning Middle Game Patterns in Chess: A Case Study]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science Lecture Notes in Computer Science], Vol. 1821, [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_middlegame Chess middlegame from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_endgame#The_start_of_the_endgame The start of the endgame]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Game Phases|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Samuel Bak]]
