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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Evaluation]] * [[Game Phases]] * Endgame'''
[[FILE:TanningEndGame.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://www.dorotheatanning.org/life-and-work/view/229/||[[Arts#:Category:Dorothea Tanning|Dorothea Tanning]] - End Game, 1944 <ref>[[Arts#:Category:Dorothea Tanning|Dorothea Tanning]] - End Game, 1944, from [http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/reviews/davis/davis11-1-05.asp artnet Magazine - We Are Duchampians by Ben Davis], [https://www.dorotheatanning.org/life-and-work/view/229/ Endgame | Dorothea Tanning]</ref> ]]
In the '''Endgame''' chess programs usually have quite a lot of difficulties. Even the most simple endgames often just lead to a mate after 10 to 15 plys or more, which is far beyond the horizon for engines without the specific endgame knowledge. There are some concepts that a chess programmer should implement to overcome the most basic problems. Usually chess engines activate this special Endgame knowledge as soon as the material on board reaches a certain lower-bound.
* [[Rook Endgame]]
* [[Queen Endgame]]
* [[Queen versus Pawn]]
==Endgame Tablebases==
* [[Kenneth W. Church]] ('''1978'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=67030 Co-ordinate Squares: A Solution to Many Chess Pawn Endgames]''. B.Sc. thesis, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], reprinted 1988 in [[Computer Chess Compendium]] » [[Corresponding Squares]]
* [[Ivan Bratko]], [[Tim Niblett]] ('''1979'''). ''Conjectures and Refutations in a Framework for Chess Endgames''. in Expert Systems in the Micro-Electronic Age ([[Donald Michie]], ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1979.
==1980 ...==
* [[Danny Kopec]], [[Tim Niblett]] ('''1980'''). ''How Hard is the Play of the King-Rook-King-Knight Ending?'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 2]]
* [[John F. White]] ('''1981'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/27/chess-end-game/ Chess-End-Game]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2010/12/10/december-1981-%E2%80%93-contents-and-editorial/ December 1981]
* [[Alen Shapiro]], [[Tim Niblett]] ('''1982'''). ''Automatic Induction of Classification Rules for Chess End game.'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 3]]
* [[Ross Quinlan]] ('''1982'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292173657_SEMI-AUTONOMOUS_ACQUISITION_OF_PATTERN-BASED_KNOWLEDGE Semi-Autonomous Acquisition of Pattern-Based Knowledge]''. [https://archive.org/details/introductoryread0000mich Introductory Readings in Expert Systems]* [[Ross Quinlan]] ('''1983'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-12405-5_15 Learning efficient classification procedures Efficient Classification Procedures and their application Their Application to chess end gamesChess End Games]''. In in [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-662-12405-5 Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, pages 463–482. Tioga, Palo Alto]
* [[Denis Verhoef]], [[Jacco H. Wesselius]] ('''1987'''). ''Two-ply KRKN: Safely overtaking Quinlan''. [[ICGA Journal#10_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4]]
* [[Lars Rasmussen]] ('''1987'''). ''Correcting grandmasters' Analyses in Elementary Endgames''. [[ICGA Journal#10_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4]]
* [[Karsten Müller]], [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2013'''). ''Rook vs. Bishop''. [[ICGA Journal#36_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 4]]
* [[Matej Guid]], [[Martin Možina]], [[Ciril Bohak]], [[Aleksander Sadikov]], [[Ivan Bratko]] ('''2013'''). ''Building an Intelligent Tutoring System for Chess Endgames''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/csedu/csedu2013.html#GuidMBSB13 CSEDU 2013]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2014'''). ''[http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/34268/ Chess Endgame Records (dataset)]''.
==2015 ...==
* [[Michael Hartisch]], [[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''2015'''). ''Optimal Robot Play in Certain Chess Endgame Situations''. [[ICGA Journal#38_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3]]
* [[Karsten Müller]] ('''2017'''). ''Tablebases, Fermat, Knights and Knightmares''. [[ICGA Journal#39_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2]]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2017'''). ''Understanding Rook Endgames''. [[ICGA Journal#39_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2]]
* [[Karsten Müller]], [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2018'''). ''Chess Endgame News: The World Chess Championship, 2018''. [[ICGA Journal#40_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2018 World Chess Championship 2018 from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Karsten Müller]], [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2019'''). ''FinalGen revisited: new discoveries''. [[ICGA Journal#41_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 1]] » [[FinalGen]]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2019'''). ''Chess endgame news: Understanding minor piece endgames ''. [[ICGA Journal#41_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 2]]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2019'''). ''Chess endgame news: an endgame challenge for neural nets''. [[ICGA Journal#41_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3]] » [[Neural Networks]]
==2020 ...==
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2020'''). ''CEN: Understanding Rook vs Minor Piece Endgames''. [[ICGA Journal#42_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 1]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Dvoretsky Mark Dvoretsky] ('''2020'''). ''[https://www.newinchess.com/dvoretsky-s-endgame-manual-6270 Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual 5th Edition]''. revised by [[Karsten Müller]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanon_Russell Russell Enterprises]
* [[Guy Haworth]] ('''2021'''). ''Dvoretsky’s Endgame Manual, Edition 5: The bible evolves''. [[ICGA Journal#43_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1]]
* [[Dave Gomboc]], [[Christian R. Shelton]] ('''2021'''). ''Chess endgame compression via logic minimization''. [[Advances in Computer Games 17]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=62153 Define end game] by [[Laurie Tunnicliffe]], [[CCC]], November 16, 2016 » [[Tapered Eval]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64356 Testing endgame strength] by [[Álvaro Begué]], [[CCC]], June 21, 2017 » [[Engine Testing]], [[RuyDos]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/fishcooking/znU1a7aZ2XI/yJDFtOQnAwAJ mg vs eg eval] by [[Joost VandeVondele]], [[Computer Chess Forums|FishCooking]], October 06, 2019 » [[Middlegame]], [[Stockfish]]
==2020 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=73012 Endgame woes] by [[Tom King]], [[CCC]], February 07, 2020 » [[Draw Evaluation]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=73713 Allowing null move pruning in the endgame] by Steven Griffin, [[CCC]], April 20, 2020 » [[Null Move Pruning]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=76521 Endgame recognition] by [[Niels Abildskov]], [[CCC]], February 07, 2021
=External Links=
=References=
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