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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * Commodore 64'''
[[FILE:Commodore-64-Computer-FL.jpg|border|right|thumb|Commodore 64 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Commodore 64''' (C64, C-64),<br/>
a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer home computer] produced and market by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_International Commodore International] in January 1982, which became the best-selling single home or personal computer model of all time <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547 How many Commodore 64 computers were really sold?]</ref> <ref>[http://jeremyreimer.com/postman/node/329 Total Share: Personal Computer Market Share 1975-2005 | Jeremy Reimer's Blog]</ref>.
=Hardware=
The C64 features a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6510 MOS Technology 6510] processor, which was a [[6502]] with the addition of an 8-bit general purpose [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output I/O port], also used for memory [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_switching bank switching], 64 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte kibibytes] of [[Memory#RAM|RAM]] and 20 kibibytes of bank-switched [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] containing a [[Basic]] interpreter, kernel, and character images. A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_VIC-II MOS Technology VIC-II] video interface chip for 320 times 200 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel pixels] with 16 colors, and eight hardware [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_%28computer_graphics%29 Sprite] per scanline, and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_modulator RF modulator] created a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC NTSC] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL PAL] signal for direct plugin into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television Television] used as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor computer monitor]. The C64 further utilized [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_chip sound chip] with some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesizer synthesizer] capabilities. An external [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Datasette datasette] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive tape drive], later a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_1541 floppy disk drive] was able to store programs and data.
=Software=
The built-in [[Basic]] with 38 kiB RAM was available on start up. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_BASIC Commodore Basic] Interpreter did not include specific kernel commands for sound or [[Graphics Programming|graphics]] manipulation, but required to use the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEEK_and_POKE POKE] command to access the graphics and sound chip registers directly. RAM could be mapped over the ROM locations, also by copying and manipulating the character ROM into RAM. Most professional programs and chess programs were written that way in [[6502]] [[Assembly|assembly]], using a machine code monitor or an assembler.
=x64 Resurrection=
In April 2011, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64x Commodore 64x] was released by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_USA Commodore USA], which consists of an [[Intel]] [[x86-64]] processor, bundled with [[Linux]] aka [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_OS Commodore OS], as well as an emulator to run the original Commodore 64 software. The computer is x86-64 [[IBM PC|PC]] compatible and able to run alternative operating systems such as [[Microsoft]] [[Windows]] <ref>[http://www.commodoreusa.net/CUSA_C64.aspx Commodore 64x]</ref>.
=Chess Programs=
* [[Battle Chess]]
* [[Chess (David Thompson)]]
* [[Chess 7.0]]
* [[Chessmaster]]
* [[Chessnut]]
* [[Colossus Chess]]
* [[Cyrus]]
* [[Grand Master]]
* [[Happy-Chess]]
* [[Hypra-Chess]]
* [[Kempelen]]
* [[Master Chess]]
* [[MicroChess]]
* [[MyChess]]
* [[PetChess]]
* [[Princhess]]
* [[Sargon]]
* [[The Final Chesscard]]
* [[Ziggy]]
=See also=
* [[Amiga]]
* [[Commodore 128]]
=Publications=
* [[Ward Douglas Maurer]] ('''1985'''). ''[http://www.amazon.com/Commodore-assembly-language-DEVELOP-64-assembler/dp/0881750409/ref=la_B001HPN2O8_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1410953624&sr=1-3 Commodore 64 assembly language: A course of study based on the DEVELOP-64 assembler/editor/debugger]''. Computer Science Press » [[Assembly]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=47839 The great challenge of the 8-bit] by [[Roberto Munter]], [[CCC]], April 22, 2013
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=54404 Legacy hardware emulator chess championship?] by [[Stan Arts]], [[CCC]], November 20, 2014
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 from Wikipedia]
* [http://c64-wiki.com/index.php/Main_Page C64-Wiki]
: [http://c64-wiki.com/index.php/64%27er_Spielesammlung 64'er Spielesammlung - C64-Wiki]
* [http://www.aartbik.com/MISC/c64.html Aart's Commodore 64 Page] by [[Aart Bik]]
* [http://www.coding64.org/ Coding 64 | Commodore 64 coding and reverse engineering] by [[Sebastien Mametz]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_c64.html Commodore 64 - Old Computer Collection], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/winvice_emulator.html Commodore 64 Vice for Windows Emulator], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_8_bit_open_chess_cha.html 2009 Commodore 64 8 Bit Open Chess Computer Championship], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64x Commodore 64x from Wikipedia]
* [http://starringthecomputer.com/computer.html?c=66 Starring the Computer - Commodore 64]
: [http://starringthecomputer.com/feature.html?f=611 Starring the Computer - Ground Zero (1987)]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Commodore-64-Computer-FL.jpg|border|right|thumb|Commodore 64 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Commodore 64''' (C64, C-64),<br/>
a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer home computer] produced and market by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_International Commodore International] in January 1982, which became the best-selling single home or personal computer model of all time <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547 How many Commodore 64 computers were really sold?]</ref> <ref>[http://jeremyreimer.com/postman/node/329 Total Share: Personal Computer Market Share 1975-2005 | Jeremy Reimer's Blog]</ref>.
=Hardware=
The C64 features a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6510 MOS Technology 6510] processor, which was a [[6502]] with the addition of an 8-bit general purpose [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output I/O port], also used for memory [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_switching bank switching], 64 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte kibibytes] of [[Memory#RAM|RAM]] and 20 kibibytes of bank-switched [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] containing a [[Basic]] interpreter, kernel, and character images. A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_VIC-II MOS Technology VIC-II] video interface chip for 320 times 200 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel pixels] with 16 colors, and eight hardware [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprite_%28computer_graphics%29 Sprite] per scanline, and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_modulator RF modulator] created a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC NTSC] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL PAL] signal for direct plugin into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television Television] used as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor computer monitor]. The C64 further utilized [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_chip sound chip] with some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesizer synthesizer] capabilities. An external [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Datasette datasette] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_drive tape drive], later a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_1541 floppy disk drive] was able to store programs and data.
=Software=
The built-in [[Basic]] with 38 kiB RAM was available on start up. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_BASIC Commodore Basic] Interpreter did not include specific kernel commands for sound or [[Graphics Programming|graphics]] manipulation, but required to use the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEEK_and_POKE POKE] command to access the graphics and sound chip registers directly. RAM could be mapped over the ROM locations, also by copying and manipulating the character ROM into RAM. Most professional programs and chess programs were written that way in [[6502]] [[Assembly|assembly]], using a machine code monitor or an assembler.
=x64 Resurrection=
In April 2011, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64x Commodore 64x] was released by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_USA Commodore USA], which consists of an [[Intel]] [[x86-64]] processor, bundled with [[Linux]] aka [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_OS Commodore OS], as well as an emulator to run the original Commodore 64 software. The computer is x86-64 [[IBM PC|PC]] compatible and able to run alternative operating systems such as [[Microsoft]] [[Windows]] <ref>[http://www.commodoreusa.net/CUSA_C64.aspx Commodore 64x]</ref>.
=Chess Programs=
* [[Battle Chess]]
* [[Chess (David Thompson)]]
* [[Chess 7.0]]
* [[Chessmaster]]
* [[Chessnut]]
* [[Colossus Chess]]
* [[Cyrus]]
* [[Grand Master]]
* [[Happy-Chess]]
* [[Hypra-Chess]]
* [[Kempelen]]
* [[Master Chess]]
* [[MicroChess]]
* [[MyChess]]
* [[PetChess]]
* [[Princhess]]
* [[Sargon]]
* [[The Final Chesscard]]
* [[Ziggy]]
=See also=
* [[Amiga]]
* [[Commodore 128]]
=Publications=
* [[Ward Douglas Maurer]] ('''1985'''). ''[http://www.amazon.com/Commodore-assembly-language-DEVELOP-64-assembler/dp/0881750409/ref=la_B001HPN2O8_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1410953624&sr=1-3 Commodore 64 assembly language: A course of study based on the DEVELOP-64 assembler/editor/debugger]''. Computer Science Press » [[Assembly]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=47839 The great challenge of the 8-bit] by [[Roberto Munter]], [[CCC]], April 22, 2013
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=54404 Legacy hardware emulator chess championship?] by [[Stan Arts]], [[CCC]], November 20, 2014
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64 Commodore 64 from Wikipedia]
* [http://c64-wiki.com/index.php/Main_Page C64-Wiki]
: [http://c64-wiki.com/index.php/64%27er_Spielesammlung 64'er Spielesammlung - C64-Wiki]
* [http://www.aartbik.com/MISC/c64.html Aart's Commodore 64 Page] by [[Aart Bik]]
* [http://www.coding64.org/ Coding 64 | Commodore 64 coding and reverse engineering] by [[Sebastien Mametz]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_c64.html Commodore 64 - Old Computer Collection], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/winvice_emulator.html Commodore 64 Vice for Windows Emulator], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/commodore_8_bit_open_chess_cha.html 2009 Commodore 64 8 Bit Open Chess Computer Championship], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64x Commodore 64x from Wikipedia]
* [http://starringthecomputer.com/computer.html?c=66 Starring the Computer - Commodore 64]
: [http://starringthecomputer.com/feature.html?f=611 Starring the Computer - Ground Zero (1987)]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
