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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Evaluation]] * [[Pawn Structure]] * Backward Pawn'''
[[FILE:Elke_Rehder_Chess_Schach_Bauer_Pawn_behindhand.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.elke-rehder.de/Chess_Paintings.htm| Behindhand Pawn <ref>[http://www.elke-rehder.de/Chess_Paintings.htm Chess painting in oil on canvas] by [[Arts#Rehder|Elke Rehder]]</ref> ]]
A '''backward pawn''' is a [[Pawn|pawn]] no longer defensible by own pawns and whose [[Stop Square|stop square]] lacks pawn protection but is controlled by a [[Sentry|sentry]]. Thus, don't considering piece [[Tactics|tactics]], the backward pawn is not able to push forward without being lost, even establishing an opponent [[Passed Pawn|passer]]. If two opposing pawns on adjacent files in knight distance are mutually backward, the more advanced is not considered backward.
=Aspects=
A backward pawn is worse, or even a real [[Backward Pawns (Bitboards)#Straggler|Straggler]], if on a [[Half-open file|half-open file]] as suitable target of opponent [[Rook|rooks]]. As pointed out by [[Sam Hamilton]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=290991&t=29689 Re: Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Sam Hamilton]], [[CCC]], September 13, 2009</ref>, considering stop squares might be insufficient for pawns which may actually push, but have a permanent weakened [[Pawn Spans#StopandDistantStop|telestop]]. On the other hand, such a backward prospective pawn has a vital [[Tempo|tempo]], which is often decisive in certain [[Pawn Endgame|pawn endings]].
=See also=
* [[Backward Pawns (Bitboards)]]
* [[Faker]]
* [[Hidden Passed Pawn]]
* [[Weak Pawns]]
=Publications=
* [[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6
=Forum Posts=
==2000 ...==
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=272739 WHAT is the definition of a backward pawn?] by [[Bas Hamstra]], [[CCC]], December 23, 2002
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=20320 Backward Pawns] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], March 24, 2008
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=29689 Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Brian Richardson]], [[CCC]], September 07, 2009
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=290991&t=29689 Re: Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Sam Hamilton]], [[CCC]], September 13, 2009
==2010 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=35459 backward pawns in Stockfish] by [[Marek Kwiatkowski]], [[CCC]], July 16, 2010
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=52300 What is a backward pawn?] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], May 12, 2014
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=57861 Pawn backwardness] by [[Natale Galioto]], [[CCC]], October 06, 2015
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_pawn Backward Pawn from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Structure|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Elke Rehder]][[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
[[FILE:Elke_Rehder_Chess_Schach_Bauer_Pawn_behindhand.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.elke-rehder.de/Chess_Paintings.htm| Behindhand Pawn <ref>[http://www.elke-rehder.de/Chess_Paintings.htm Chess painting in oil on canvas] by [[Arts#Rehder|Elke Rehder]]</ref> ]]
A '''backward pawn''' is a [[Pawn|pawn]] no longer defensible by own pawns and whose [[Stop Square|stop square]] lacks pawn protection but is controlled by a [[Sentry|sentry]]. Thus, don't considering piece [[Tactics|tactics]], the backward pawn is not able to push forward without being lost, even establishing an opponent [[Passed Pawn|passer]]. If two opposing pawns on adjacent files in knight distance are mutually backward, the more advanced is not considered backward.
=Aspects=
A backward pawn is worse, or even a real [[Backward Pawns (Bitboards)#Straggler|Straggler]], if on a [[Half-open file|half-open file]] as suitable target of opponent [[Rook|rooks]]. As pointed out by [[Sam Hamilton]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=290991&t=29689 Re: Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Sam Hamilton]], [[CCC]], September 13, 2009</ref>, considering stop squares might be insufficient for pawns which may actually push, but have a permanent weakened [[Pawn Spans#StopandDistantStop|telestop]]. On the other hand, such a backward prospective pawn has a vital [[Tempo|tempo]], which is often decisive in certain [[Pawn Endgame|pawn endings]].
=See also=
* [[Backward Pawns (Bitboards)]]
* [[Faker]]
* [[Hidden Passed Pawn]]
* [[Weak Pawns]]
=Publications=
* [[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6
=Forum Posts=
==2000 ...==
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=272739 WHAT is the definition of a backward pawn?] by [[Bas Hamstra]], [[CCC]], December 23, 2002
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=20320 Backward Pawns] by [[Mark Lefler]], [[CCC]], March 24, 2008
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=29689 Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Brian Richardson]], [[CCC]], September 07, 2009
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=290991&t=29689 Re: Doubled and Backward Pawn Engine "Definitions"] by [[Sam Hamilton]], [[CCC]], September 13, 2009
==2010 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=35459 backward pawns in Stockfish] by [[Marek Kwiatkowski]], [[CCC]], July 16, 2010
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=52300 What is a backward pawn?] by [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]], [[CCC]], May 12, 2014
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=57861 Pawn backwardness] by [[Natale Galioto]], [[CCC]], October 06, 2015
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_pawn Backward Pawn from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Structure|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Elke Rehder]][[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
