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Created page with "'''Home * Hardware * Amdahl 470''' FILE:amdahl.470_v6.102626927.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-4..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * Amdahl 470'''
[[FILE:amdahl.470_v6.102626927.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-43330af270432|Amdahl 470V/6 system <ref>The Amdahl 470/V6 was a powerful mainframe computer introduced in 1975 that ran the popular [[IBM 360|IBM System/360]] family of programs. In [[ACM 1978|1978]], the microprocessor-based program [[Sargon]] [[Sargon#Awit|defeated]] [[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland’s]] chess program [[Awit]] running on this type of machine. Even though the 470/V6 was by then over a decade old, this was still a dramatic development and showed the growing power of microcomputers, [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-43330af270432 image] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> ]]
'''Amdahl 470''',<br/>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation Amdahl Corporation's] first machine, the Amdahl 470V/6 shipped in 1975, was a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_compatible plug compatible] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer mainframe computer] designed by former [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Fellow IBM Fellow] and chief architect of [[IBM 360|IBM System/360]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Amdahl Gene Amdahl]. Competing with [[IBM]] in the mainframe market, it was a less expensive, more reliable and faster replacement for the [[IBM 370|System 370/168]]. By purchasing an Amdahl 470 and plug-compatible peripheral devices from third-party manufacturers, customers could now run S/360 and S/370 applications under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_%28operating_system%29 VM] without buying actual IBM hardware <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Amdahl#The_IBM_.26_Amdahl_years Gene Amdahl - The IBM & Amdahl years - Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Technology=
The Amdahl 470V/6 uses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit#LSI large scale integration] (LSI) semiconductor technology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emitter-coupled_logic bipolar emitter-coupled logic] (ECL) in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit CPU], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET metal–oxide–semiconductor] (MOS) in [[Memory|main memory]], and ultra high speed bipolar components for the cache memory <ref>Alexis J. Pittman ('''1975'''). ''The Amdahl 470v/6: The Latest in Computer Technology''. Michigan Technic, Vol. XCIV, No. 2, November 1975</ref>.
=Processor=
The 32-bit [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit CPU] contains 16 general purpose [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register registers], eight floating point registers, eight [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratchpad_memory scratchpad] and control registers, and consists of four logical, independent units. The instruction unit implements an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipeline instruction pipeline] with fetch, decode, execute, memory and register access stages and coordinates with other units. The execution unit performs the arithmetic and logical instructions, the storage unit controls high-speed buffer and main memory requests, the channel unit I/O requests <ref>Alexis J. Pittman ('''1975'''). ''The Amdahl 470v/6: The Latest in Computer Technology''. Michigan Technic, Vol. XCIV, No. 2, November 1975</ref>. The CPU archives 3.5 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second MIPS] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/677 Amdahl 470V/6 Computer - CPU] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>.
=Chess Programs=
* [[Awit|Awit / Wita]]
* [[Bobby]]
* [[CHAOS]]
* [[Chute]]
* [[Duchess]]
* [[L'Excentrique]]
* [[Tech#Tech3|Tech 3]]
=See also=
* [[Amdahl 5860]]
* [[IBM 370]]
=Publications=
* [http://archive.michigan-terminal-system.org/people#TOC-Allen-R.-Emery-Al- Allan R. Emery], [[Mike Alexander|Michael T. Alexander]] ('''1975'''). ''A Performance Comparison of the Amdahl 470V/6 and the IBM 370/168''. Computer Measurement Group, October 1975, San Francisco, California, [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B4t_NX-QeWDYaVpEZzNVTDRRdUdFaUJ5UjV5Q0xJQQ/edit?pli=1 pdf] » [[AMDAHL 470]], [[IBM 370]]
* Alexis J. Pittman ('''1975'''). ''The Amdahl 470v/6: The Latest in Computer Technology''. Michigan Technic, Vol. XCIV, No. 2, November 1975
=External Links=
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169 Copycats & Competitors] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
: [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/675 Amdahl Computers brochure]
: [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/676 Amdahl 470V/6 Computer - Multi-Chip Carrier]
: [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/677 Amdahl 470V/6 Computer - CPU]
* [http://www.chipsetc.com/amdahl.html Amdahl - Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation Amdahl Corporation from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102623936 Dr. Gene Amdahl with Amdahl 470V/6] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Amdahl Gene Amdahl from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law Amdahl's law from Wikipedia]
* [http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/amdahl/datapro/70C-044-01_7709_Amdahl_470.pdf Amdahl 470 Systems - Summary] (pdf)
* [http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/amdahl/datapro/70C-044-01_8003_Amdahl_470.pdf Amdahl 470 Systems (March 1980)] (pdf)
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/a/amdahl-470-v6-fuer-oberpfaffenhofen,1202434 Amdahl 470 V6 für Oberpfaffenhofen], October 08, 1976, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] (German) » [[TR 440]]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:amdahl.470_v6.102626927.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-43330af270432|Amdahl 470V/6 system <ref>The Amdahl 470/V6 was a powerful mainframe computer introduced in 1975 that ran the popular [[IBM 360|IBM System/360]] family of programs. In [[ACM 1978|1978]], the microprocessor-based program [[Sargon]] [[Sargon#Awit|defeated]] [[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland’s]] chess program [[Awit]] running on this type of machine. Even though the 470/V6 was by then over a decade old, this was still a dramatic development and showed the growing power of microcomputers, [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-43330af270432 image] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> ]]
'''Amdahl 470''',<br/>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation Amdahl Corporation's] first machine, the Amdahl 470V/6 shipped in 1975, was a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_compatible plug compatible] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer mainframe computer] designed by former [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Fellow IBM Fellow] and chief architect of [[IBM 360|IBM System/360]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Amdahl Gene Amdahl]. Competing with [[IBM]] in the mainframe market, it was a less expensive, more reliable and faster replacement for the [[IBM 370|System 370/168]]. By purchasing an Amdahl 470 and plug-compatible peripheral devices from third-party manufacturers, customers could now run S/360 and S/370 applications under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VM_%28operating_system%29 VM] without buying actual IBM hardware <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Amdahl#The_IBM_.26_Amdahl_years Gene Amdahl - The IBM & Amdahl years - Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Technology=
The Amdahl 470V/6 uses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit#LSI large scale integration] (LSI) semiconductor technology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emitter-coupled_logic bipolar emitter-coupled logic] (ECL) in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit CPU], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET metal–oxide–semiconductor] (MOS) in [[Memory|main memory]], and ultra high speed bipolar components for the cache memory <ref>Alexis J. Pittman ('''1975'''). ''The Amdahl 470v/6: The Latest in Computer Technology''. Michigan Technic, Vol. XCIV, No. 2, November 1975</ref>.
=Processor=
The 32-bit [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit CPU] contains 16 general purpose [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_register registers], eight floating point registers, eight [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratchpad_memory scratchpad] and control registers, and consists of four logical, independent units. The instruction unit implements an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipeline instruction pipeline] with fetch, decode, execute, memory and register access stages and coordinates with other units. The execution unit performs the arithmetic and logical instructions, the storage unit controls high-speed buffer and main memory requests, the channel unit I/O requests <ref>Alexis J. Pittman ('''1975'''). ''The Amdahl 470v/6: The Latest in Computer Technology''. Michigan Technic, Vol. XCIV, No. 2, November 1975</ref>. The CPU archives 3.5 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second MIPS] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/677 Amdahl 470V/6 Computer - CPU] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>.
=Chess Programs=
* [[Awit|Awit / Wita]]
* [[Bobby]]
* [[CHAOS]]
* [[Chute]]
* [[Duchess]]
* [[L'Excentrique]]
* [[Tech#Tech3|Tech 3]]
=See also=
* [[Amdahl 5860]]
* [[IBM 370]]
=Publications=
* [http://archive.michigan-terminal-system.org/people#TOC-Allen-R.-Emery-Al- Allan R. Emery], [[Mike Alexander|Michael T. Alexander]] ('''1975'''). ''A Performance Comparison of the Amdahl 470V/6 and the IBM 370/168''. Computer Measurement Group, October 1975, San Francisco, California, [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B4t_NX-QeWDYaVpEZzNVTDRRdUdFaUJ5UjV5Q0xJQQ/edit?pli=1 pdf] » [[AMDAHL 470]], [[IBM 370]]
* Alexis J. Pittman ('''1975'''). ''The Amdahl 470v/6: The Latest in Computer Technology''. Michigan Technic, Vol. XCIV, No. 2, November 1975
=External Links=
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169 Copycats & Competitors] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
: [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/675 Amdahl Computers brochure]
: [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/676 Amdahl 470V/6 Computer - Multi-Chip Carrier]
: [http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/169/677 Amdahl 470V/6 Computer - CPU]
* [http://www.chipsetc.com/amdahl.html Amdahl - Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation Amdahl Corporation from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102623936 Dr. Gene Amdahl with Amdahl 470V/6] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Amdahl Gene Amdahl from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law Amdahl's law from Wikipedia]
* [http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/amdahl/datapro/70C-044-01_7709_Amdahl_470.pdf Amdahl 470 Systems - Summary] (pdf)
* [http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/amdahl/datapro/70C-044-01_8003_Amdahl_470.pdf Amdahl 470 Systems (March 1980)] (pdf)
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/a/amdahl-470-v6-fuer-oberpfaffenhofen,1202434 Amdahl 470 V6 für Oberpfaffenhofen], October 08, 1976, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] (German) » [[TR 440]]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
