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is a Russian computer scientist. In [[Timeline#1963|1963]] <ref>[http://adamant1.fromru.com/kaissa.html "Каисса" - Историю программы рассказывает один из ее создателей Михаил Донской] - [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fadamant1.fromru.com%2Fkaissa.html Kaissa] by [[Mikhail Donskoy]], translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]</ref> at [[Alexander Kronrod|Alexander Kronrod’s]] laboratory at the Moscow [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] ('''ITEP'''), Alexander Zhivotovsky co-developed the [[ITEP Chess Program]], together with [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]] and [[Anatoly Uskov]], advised by Russian chess master [[Alexander Bitman]] and three-time world champion [[Mikhail Botvinnik]]. At the end of 1966 a [[Stanford-ITEP Match|four game match]] began between the [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program]], running on a [[IBM 7090]] computer, and the [[ITEP Chess Program]] on a Soviet [[M-220]] computer <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] by the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the The '''ITEP''' program, despite playing on slower hardware.