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a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. In the 70s at the Institute for System Studies (VNIISI) in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow Moscow], he researched on solving chess endgames, along with [[Edward Komissarchik]] on KQP(g7)KQ (1974), with [[Vladimir Arlazarov]] on [[Rook Endgame#KRPKR|KRPKR]] (1976) <ref>[https://cdn-s-static.arzamas.academy/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/17078/content_endspiel.jpg Photo] (presumably December 19761975) in [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], ''[https://arzamas.academy/materials/2233 Владимир Арлазаров: «Игры помогли нам понять, как человек решает трудные логические задачи»] (Games helped us understand how a person solves difficult logical problems)'', [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzamas_(website) Arzamas website] 2021, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh Yuri Averbakh] is testing the [[Rook Endgame#KRPKR|Rook and Pawn Against Rook]] program: From left: [[Alexander Bitman]], [[Vladimir Arlazarov]], [[Anatoly Uskov]], Yuri Averbakh (sitting), [[Aaron L. Futer]] - the main developer of the program.</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh Yuri Averbakh] ('''1976'''). ''The Bet.'' in [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0 Znanie - sila], No. 8, pp. 53-54, [http://publ.lib.ru/ARCHIVES/Z/%27%27Znanie_-_sila%27%27/_%27%27Znanie_-_sila%27%27.html link]</ref>. Based on [[Ernst Zermelo|Zermelo's]] justification <ref>[[Ernst Zermelo]] ('''1913'''). ''Über eine Anwendung der Mengenlehre auf die Theorie des Schachspiels'' Proc. Fifth Congress Mathematicians, (Cambridge 1912), Cambridge Univ. Press 1913, 501–504. Translation: ''On an Application of Set Theory to the Theory of the Game of Chess''. see Appendix in [https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/organization/person/prof-dr-ulrich-schwalbe Ulrich Schwalbe], [http://www.econ.canterbury.ac.nz/personal_pages/paul_walker/psw.htm Paul Walker] ('''1997'''). ''Zermelo and the early history of game theory''. [http://abel.math.harvard.edu/~elkies/FS23j.03/zermelo.pdf pdf]</ref> they applied [[Retrograde Analysis|retrograde analysis]], using [[Bitboards|bitboards]] in coding the chess board.