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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * John Maynard Smith'''
[[FILE:John Maynard Smith.jpg|border|right|thumb|220px|John Maynard Smith <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith John Maynard Smith from Wikipedia]</ref>]]
'''John Maynard Smith''', (January 6, 1920 – April 19, 2004 <ref>[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/press_office/media/media399.shtml Evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith dies] from [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/ University of Sussex]</ref>)<br/>
was a British theoretical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biologist evolutionary biologist], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneticist geneticist], and latterly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor_Emeritus Emeritus Professor] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology Biology] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sussex University of Sussex].
=SOMA=
In [[Timeline#1961|1961]], John Maynard Smith created a chess machine called [[SOMA]], the Smith One-Move Analyzer, as a challenger of [[Donald Michie|Donald Michie's]] and [[Shaun Wylie|Shaun Wylie's]] early program [[Machiavelli]] from 1947-48 <ref>[http://www.fbi.fh-darmstadt.de/fileadmin/vmi/chronologie/index.htm Chronology of Computing] compiled by [[Mathematician#DSingmaster|David Singmaster]]</ref>, of whose method of working he was in ignorance <ref>[[John Maynard Smith]], [[Donald Michie]] ('''1961'''). ''Machines that play games''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist New Scientist], 12, 367-9. [http://books.google.com/books?id=lo7r0zX_T0sC&lpg=PA369&dq=Machines%20that%20play%20games.%201961%2C%20New%20Scientist%2C%2012&pg=PA367#v=onepage&q&f=false google books]</ref>. Later John Maynard Smith built a SOMA-Machiavelli hybrid named SOMAC (SOMA with features taken from the Machiavelli) <ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1966'''). ''Game Playing and Game Learning Automata.'' Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Fox Leslie Fox] (ed.), pp 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. » Includes Appendix: ''Rules of SOMAC'' by [[John Maynard Smith]]</ref>. This machine, when allowed a lookahead of two, has a standard of play equal to that of a mediocre human player ... <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Fox Leslie Fox] ('''1966'''). ''Advances in programming and non-numerical computation''. Pergamon</ref><ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1974'''). ''On Machine Intelligence''. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13: 9780852242629, [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?isbn=085224262X abebooks.com], [http://www.alibris.com/search/books/qwork/4836304/used/On%20machine%20intelligence alibris.com], [http://www.biblio.com/isbn/9780852242629.html biblio.com]</ref>.
=ESS=
In 1973, Maynard Smith formalized a central concept in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory] called the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Theory_of_Games evolutionarily stable strategy] (ESS), based on a verbal argument by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_R._Price George R. Price] and published in 1982 <ref>[[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1982'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Theory_of_Games Evolution and the Theory of Games]''. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press.</ref>.
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/CSE/members/jms/JMSpublications.pdf Publications of John Maynard Smith] (pdf)</ref>
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1958'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Evolution The Theory of Evolution]''. [Harmondsworth, Middlesex], Penguin Books.
* [[John Maynard Smith]], [[Donald Michie]] ('''1961'''). ''Machines that play games''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist New Scientist], 12, 367-9. [http://books.google.com/books?id=lo7r0zX_T0sC&lpg=PA369&dq=Machines%20that%20play%20games.%201961%2C%20New%20Scientist%2C%2012&pg=PA367#v=onepage&q&f=false google books]
* [[Jack Good]], [http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ch.cgi?111409 A. J. Mayne], [[John Maynard Smith]] (eds.) ('''1962'''). ''[http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?983903 The Scientist Speculates].'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinemann_%28publisher%29 Heinemann]
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1966'''). ''Game Playing and Game Learning Automata.'' Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Fox Leslie Fox] (ed.), pp. 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. Includes Appendix: ''Rules of SOMAC'' by [[John Maynard Smith]] <ref>see [[Helmut Richter#Swapoff|Swap-off]] by [[Helmut Richter]]</ref>
* [[John Maynard Smith]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_R._Price George R. Price] ('''1973'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v246/n5427/abs/246015a0.html The logic of animal conflict]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature] 246:15-18
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1982'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Theory_of_Games Evolution and the Theory of Games]''. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press.
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1988'''). ''Games, Sex, and Evolution''. New York, Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1989'''). ''Evolutionary Genetics''. Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press.
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1992'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v355/n6363/abs/355772a0.html Byte-sized evolution]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature] 355, 772-773
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v380/n6571/abs/380198a0.html The games lizards play]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature] 380, 198-199
* [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/author/default.asp?aid=14090 Manfred D. Laubichler], [http://anthro.vancouver.wsu.edu/faculty/hagen Edward H. Hagen], [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/author/default.asp?aid=18776 Peter Hammerstein] ('''2005'''). ''The Strategy Concept and John Maynard Smith’s Influence on Theoretical Biology''. [http://ecagents.istc.cnr.it/dllink.php?id=191&type=Document pdf]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Sigmund Karl Sigmund] ('''2005'''). ''John Maynard Smith and Evolutionary Game Theory''. Interim Report IR-05-076, [http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/IR-05-076.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith John Maynard Smith from Wikipedia]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=91610 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - John Maynard Smith]
* [http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/CSE/members/jms/jms.htm John Maynard Smith from Centre for the Study of Evolution - University of Sussex]
* [http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/eh6.shtml Modern Theorist Biographies - Section 1]
* John Maynard Smith - Seven Wonders of the World, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i28WiYyORI|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:John Maynard Smith.jpg|border|right|thumb|220px|John Maynard Smith <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith John Maynard Smith from Wikipedia]</ref>]]
'''John Maynard Smith''', (January 6, 1920 – April 19, 2004 <ref>[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/press_office/media/media399.shtml Evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith dies] from [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/ University of Sussex]</ref>)<br/>
was a British theoretical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biologist evolutionary biologist], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneticist geneticist], and latterly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor_Emeritus Emeritus Professor] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology Biology] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sussex University of Sussex].
=SOMA=
In [[Timeline#1961|1961]], John Maynard Smith created a chess machine called [[SOMA]], the Smith One-Move Analyzer, as a challenger of [[Donald Michie|Donald Michie's]] and [[Shaun Wylie|Shaun Wylie's]] early program [[Machiavelli]] from 1947-48 <ref>[http://www.fbi.fh-darmstadt.de/fileadmin/vmi/chronologie/index.htm Chronology of Computing] compiled by [[Mathematician#DSingmaster|David Singmaster]]</ref>, of whose method of working he was in ignorance <ref>[[John Maynard Smith]], [[Donald Michie]] ('''1961'''). ''Machines that play games''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist New Scientist], 12, 367-9. [http://books.google.com/books?id=lo7r0zX_T0sC&lpg=PA369&dq=Machines%20that%20play%20games.%201961%2C%20New%20Scientist%2C%2012&pg=PA367#v=onepage&q&f=false google books]</ref>. Later John Maynard Smith built a SOMA-Machiavelli hybrid named SOMAC (SOMA with features taken from the Machiavelli) <ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1966'''). ''Game Playing and Game Learning Automata.'' Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Fox Leslie Fox] (ed.), pp 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. » Includes Appendix: ''Rules of SOMAC'' by [[John Maynard Smith]]</ref>. This machine, when allowed a lookahead of two, has a standard of play equal to that of a mediocre human player ... <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Fox Leslie Fox] ('''1966'''). ''Advances in programming and non-numerical computation''. Pergamon</ref><ref>[[Donald Michie]] ('''1974'''). ''On Machine Intelligence''. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13: 9780852242629, [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?isbn=085224262X abebooks.com], [http://www.alibris.com/search/books/qwork/4836304/used/On%20machine%20intelligence alibris.com], [http://www.biblio.com/isbn/9780852242629.html biblio.com]</ref>.
=ESS=
In 1973, Maynard Smith formalized a central concept in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory] called the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Theory_of_Games evolutionarily stable strategy] (ESS), based on a verbal argument by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_R._Price George R. Price] and published in 1982 <ref>[[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1982'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Theory_of_Games Evolution and the Theory of Games]''. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press.</ref>.
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/CSE/members/jms/JMSpublications.pdf Publications of John Maynard Smith] (pdf)</ref>
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1958'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Evolution The Theory of Evolution]''. [Harmondsworth, Middlesex], Penguin Books.
* [[John Maynard Smith]], [[Donald Michie]] ('''1961'''). ''Machines that play games''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist New Scientist], 12, 367-9. [http://books.google.com/books?id=lo7r0zX_T0sC&lpg=PA369&dq=Machines%20that%20play%20games.%201961%2C%20New%20Scientist%2C%2012&pg=PA367#v=onepage&q&f=false google books]
* [[Jack Good]], [http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ch.cgi?111409 A. J. Mayne], [[John Maynard Smith]] (eds.) ('''1962'''). ''[http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?983903 The Scientist Speculates].'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinemann_%28publisher%29 Heinemann]
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1966'''). ''Game Playing and Game Learning Automata.'' Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Fox Leslie Fox] (ed.), pp. 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. Includes Appendix: ''Rules of SOMAC'' by [[John Maynard Smith]] <ref>see [[Helmut Richter#Swapoff|Swap-off]] by [[Helmut Richter]]</ref>
* [[John Maynard Smith]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_R._Price George R. Price] ('''1973'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v246/n5427/abs/246015a0.html The logic of animal conflict]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature] 246:15-18
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1982'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Theory_of_Games Evolution and the Theory of Games]''. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press.
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1988'''). ''Games, Sex, and Evolution''. New York, Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1989'''). ''Evolutionary Genetics''. Oxford; New York, Oxford University Press.
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1992'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v355/n6363/abs/355772a0.html Byte-sized evolution]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature] 355, 772-773
* [[John Maynard Smith]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v380/n6571/abs/380198a0.html The games lizards play]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature] 380, 198-199
* [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/author/default.asp?aid=14090 Manfred D. Laubichler], [http://anthro.vancouver.wsu.edu/faculty/hagen Edward H. Hagen], [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/author/default.asp?aid=18776 Peter Hammerstein] ('''2005'''). ''The Strategy Concept and John Maynard Smith’s Influence on Theoretical Biology''. [http://ecagents.istc.cnr.it/dllink.php?id=191&type=Document pdf]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Sigmund Karl Sigmund] ('''2005'''). ''John Maynard Smith and Evolutionary Game Theory''. Interim Report IR-05-076, [http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/PUB/Documents/IR-05-076.pdf pdf]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith John Maynard Smith from Wikipedia]
* [http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=91610 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - John Maynard Smith]
* [http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/CSE/members/jms/jms.htm John Maynard Smith from Centre for the Study of Evolution - University of Sussex]
* [http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/eh6.shtml Modern Theorist Biographies - Section 1]
* John Maynard Smith - Seven Wonders of the World, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i28WiYyORI|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
