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Created page with "'''Home * Hardware * IBM PC''' FILE:Ibm pc 5150.jpg|border|right|thumb|| IBM PC 5150 <ref>IBM Personal Computer model 5150 with [https://en.wikipedia.org..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Hardware]] * IBM PC'''
[[FILE:Ibm pc 5150.jpg|border|right|thumb|| IBM PC 5150 <ref>IBM Personal Computer model 5150 with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_5151 IBM 5151] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochrome_monitor monochrome monitor] and [[IBM PC keyboard]], Image by Ruben de Rijcke, February 24, 2010, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en CC BY-SA 3.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''IBM PC''', (IBM Personal Computer, PC)<br/>
the progenitor of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible PC compatible] hardware platform. The original [[IBM]] version was model number '''5150''' with [[Intel]] [[8086|8088]] running at 4.77 MHz and 16 or 64 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte Kibibyte] of [[Memory#RAM|RAM]], introduced on August 12, [[Timeline#1981|1981]]. Pricing started at US$1,565 (equivalent to $4,080 in 2015) for a configuration with 16 K RAM, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter Color Graphics Adapter], and no disk drives. Most 5150s had one or two 5.25-inch [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk floppy disk] drives, either [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk_format#Single_Sided.2C_Double_Density single-sided double-density] (SSDD) or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-sided_disk double-sided] double-density (DSDD) <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]</ref> .
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT XT] with 256 K RAM (expandable up to 640 K) and built-in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive hard drive] followed in 1983, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT AT] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286 80286] processor @ 8 MHz in 1984, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 PS/2] in 1987, with the follow-on of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series IBM PC series] until 2000, along with 32-bit [[x86]] compatibles. The term "IBM PC compatible" is not commonly used any more because most current mainstream desktop and laptop computers are based on the PC architecture with [[x86-64]] processor and IBM no longer making PCs <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]</ref>
=Project Chess=
In July 1980, [http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/builders/builders_lowe.html William C. Lowe] assembles the members of "Project Chess", known as the "Dirty Dozen", the twelve engineers chosen to design and build a prototype personal computer, in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida Boca Raton, Florida]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Estridge Don Estridge] is project manager, Jack Sams heads the software effort <ref>[http://pctimeline.info/ibmpc/ Chronology of IBM Personal Computers]</ref> .
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bradley_%28engineer%29 David Bradley] - Inventor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-Alt-Delete Control-Alt-Delete]
* [http://domino.watson.ibm.com/comm/research_people.nsf/pages/dean.index.html Mark Dean]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/erikpukinskis/5395241449/ Patty McHugh] - Mother of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard Motherboard]
=Timeline=
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Model
! Year
! Processor
! MHz
! RAM
|-
| [http://oldcomputers.net/ibm5150.html IBM PC 5150]
! 1981
| [[8086|8088]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.77
| 16 KiB - 256 KiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT IBM PC XT]
! 1983
| [[8086|8088]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.77
| 128 KiB - 640 KiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT IBM PC AT]
! 1984
| [[8086|80286]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6-8
| 256 KiB ~ 16 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 IBM PS/2]
! 1987
| [[8086|80286]]<br/>[[x86|386]]<br/>[[x86|486]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16<br/>20<br/>25
| 512 KiB - 4 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PS/ValuePoint IBM PS/ValuePoint]
! 1992
| [[8086]]<br/>[[x86|386]]<br/>[[x86|486DX2-4]]<br/>[[x86|Pentium]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8<br/>25<br/>66 - 100<br/>60 - 100
| 640 KiB - 64 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series#PC_Series_300 IBM PC 300]
! 1994
| [[x86|486]]<br/>[[x86|Pentium]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20-100<br/>60-200
| 640 KiB - 192 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series#PC_Series_300 IBM PC 360]
! 1995
| [[x86|Pentium Pro]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 200
| 640 KiB - 128 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series#PC_Series_300 IBM PC 365]
! 1996
| [[x86|Pentium Pro]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 200
| 640 KiB - 512 MiB
|}
=Operating Systems=
* [[MS-DOS]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS IBM PC DOS from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M-86 CP/M-86 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS DR-DOS from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2 OS/2 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCSD_Pascal#UCSD_Pascal_and_the_p-System UCSD p-System from Wikipedia]
* [[Windows]]
* [[Unix]]
* [[Linux]]
=See also=
* [[Macintosh]]
* [[8086]]
* [[x86]]
* [[x86-64]]
=Manuals=
* [[IBM]] ('''1981'''). ''IBM 5150 Technical Reference 6025005''. First Edition, [http://classiccomputers.info/down/IBM/IBM_PC_5150/IBM_5150_Technical_Reference_6025005_AUG81.pdf pdf]
* [[IBM]] ('''1983'''). ''IBM XT Technical Reference''. [http://www.retroarchive.org/dos/docs/ibm5160techref.pdf pdf] [http://maben.homeip.net/static/S100/IBM/5160%20XT/IBM%20XT%20Technical%20Reference%20198603.pdf revised 1986 edition as pdf]
* [[IBM]] ('''1984'''). ''IBM AT Technical Reference 1502492''. [http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/pc/at/1502494_PC_AT_Technical_Reference_Mar84.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.verycomputer.com/12_2f34507e8d8cd9d6_1.htm Dave Williams] ('''1992'''). ''[http://www.o3one.org/hwdocs/bios_doc/dosref22.html Programmer's Technical Reference for MSDOS and the IBM PC]''. Shareware Version
* [[IBM]] ('''1996'''). ''Using Your Personal Computer PC 365 with Pentium Pro Processor''. [http://ps-2.kev009.com/pccbbs/commercial_desktop/6589us.pdf 3rd 1997 edition as pdf]
* [[IBM]] ('''1997'''). ''PC 300 Technical Information Manual''. (Types 6562 amd 6592), [http://ps-2.kev009.com/pccbbs/commercial_desktop/d4anabas.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess/o1NSJQVh2Zo/3Ebl5u7SjMwJ Chess programs for IBM PC] by Udo Sprute, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgc]], February 20, 1993
* [http://www.foro.meca-web.es/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=72&start=30#p2512 La máquina preservadora 3. Programas para PC] by Luis a, [[Computer Chess Forums|Meca Foro]], August 08, 2013 (Spanish)
=External Links=
==PC==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT IBM Personal Computer XT from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT IBM Personal Computer/AT from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 IBM Personal System/2 from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102646177 IBM Personal Computers For the Office, Home, Classroom] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102646138 IBM PCjr: The Easy One for Everyone] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://oldcomputers.net/ibm5150.html IBM 5150 Personal Computer] from [http://oldcomputers.net/ The Old Computer Museum]
* [http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_1.html IBM Archives: IBM Personal Computer]
* [http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/0-3-IBMPC.htm IBM PC] from [http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/phototour.html Computer History Exhibits Photo Tour] created January 2000 by [http://infolab.stanford.edu/~gio/ Gio Wiederhold]
* [http://pctimeline.info/ibmpc/ Chronology of IBM Personal Computers]
* [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/ibm-pc-5150-origin.html What a Legacy: The Origin of the IBM PC]
* [http://madmikesamerica.com/2011/08/ibm-pc-is-30-years-old-is-pc-era-over/ IBM PC is 30 years-old - Is PC era over? | MadMikesAmerica] by [http://madmikesamerica.com/author/holte-ender/ Holte Ender], August 11, 2011
* [http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/gadgets/0,1518,779282,00.html Siegeszug der Wenigkönner] by [http://www.spiegel.de/extra/0,1518,632080,00.html Frank Patalong], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel#Spiegel_Online Spiegel Online], August 12, 2011 (German)
==Compatibles==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible IBM PC compatible from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_of_the_IBM_PC_on_the_personal_computer_market Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market from Wikipedia]
* <span id="Sperry"></span>[http://digital.hagley.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A2160033 Sperry PC with models] | [http://digital.hagley.org/ Hagley Digital Archives]
* <span id="Tandy2000"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandy_2000 Tandy 2000 from Wikipedia]
==DOS==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_x86_DOS_operating_systems Timeline of x86 DOS operating systems from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_x86_DOS_operating_systems Comparison of x86 DOS operating systems from Wikipedia]
==Graphics Adapter==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Monochrome_Display_Adapter IBM Monochrome Display Adapter from Wikipedia] (MDA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter Color Graphics Adapter from Wikipedia] (CGA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Graphics_Card Hercules Graphics Card from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter Enhanced Graphics Adapter from Wikipedia] (EGA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array Video Graphics Array from Wikipedia] (VGA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_video_graphics_array Super Video Graphics Array from Wikipedia] (SVGA)
==Keyboard==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard IBM PC keyboard from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_M_keyboard Model M keyboard from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Ibm pc 5150.jpg|border|right|thumb|| IBM PC 5150 <ref>IBM Personal Computer model 5150 with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_5151 IBM 5151] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochrome_monitor monochrome monitor] and [[IBM PC keyboard]], Image by Ruben de Rijcke, February 24, 2010, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en CC BY-SA 3.0], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''IBM PC''', (IBM Personal Computer, PC)<br/>
the progenitor of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible PC compatible] hardware platform. The original [[IBM]] version was model number '''5150''' with [[Intel]] [[8086|8088]] running at 4.77 MHz and 16 or 64 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte Kibibyte] of [[Memory#RAM|RAM]], introduced on August 12, [[Timeline#1981|1981]]. Pricing started at US$1,565 (equivalent to $4,080 in 2015) for a configuration with 16 K RAM, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter Color Graphics Adapter], and no disk drives. Most 5150s had one or two 5.25-inch [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk floppy disk] drives, either [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk_format#Single_Sided.2C_Double_Density single-sided double-density] (SSDD) or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-sided_disk double-sided] double-density (DSDD) <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]</ref> .
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT XT] with 256 K RAM (expandable up to 640 K) and built-in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive hard drive] followed in 1983, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT AT] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286 80286] processor @ 8 MHz in 1984, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 PS/2] in 1987, with the follow-on of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series IBM PC series] until 2000, along with 32-bit [[x86]] compatibles. The term "IBM PC compatible" is not commonly used any more because most current mainstream desktop and laptop computers are based on the PC architecture with [[x86-64]] processor and IBM no longer making PCs <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]</ref>
=Project Chess=
In July 1980, [http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/builders/builders_lowe.html William C. Lowe] assembles the members of "Project Chess", known as the "Dirty Dozen", the twelve engineers chosen to design and build a prototype personal computer, in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida Boca Raton, Florida]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Estridge Don Estridge] is project manager, Jack Sams heads the software effort <ref>[http://pctimeline.info/ibmpc/ Chronology of IBM Personal Computers]</ref> .
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bradley_%28engineer%29 David Bradley] - Inventor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-Alt-Delete Control-Alt-Delete]
* [http://domino.watson.ibm.com/comm/research_people.nsf/pages/dean.index.html Mark Dean]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/erikpukinskis/5395241449/ Patty McHugh] - Mother of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard Motherboard]
=Timeline=
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Model
! Year
! Processor
! MHz
! RAM
|-
| [http://oldcomputers.net/ibm5150.html IBM PC 5150]
! 1981
| [[8086|8088]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.77
| 16 KiB - 256 KiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT IBM PC XT]
! 1983
| [[8086|8088]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.77
| 128 KiB - 640 KiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT IBM PC AT]
! 1984
| [[8086|80286]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6-8
| 256 KiB ~ 16 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 IBM PS/2]
! 1987
| [[8086|80286]]<br/>[[x86|386]]<br/>[[x86|486]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 16<br/>20<br/>25
| 512 KiB - 4 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PS/ValuePoint IBM PS/ValuePoint]
! 1992
| [[8086]]<br/>[[x86|386]]<br/>[[x86|486DX2-4]]<br/>[[x86|Pentium]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 8<br/>25<br/>66 - 100<br/>60 - 100
| 640 KiB - 64 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series#PC_Series_300 IBM PC 300]
! 1994
| [[x86|486]]<br/>[[x86|Pentium]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 20-100<br/>60-200
| 640 KiB - 192 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series#PC_Series_300 IBM PC 360]
! 1995
| [[x86|Pentium Pro]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 200
| 640 KiB - 128 MiB
|-
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_Series#PC_Series_300 IBM PC 365]
! 1996
| [[x86|Pentium Pro]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 200
| 640 KiB - 512 MiB
|}
=Operating Systems=
* [[MS-DOS]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS IBM PC DOS from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M-86 CP/M-86 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS DR-DOS from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2 OS/2 from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCSD_Pascal#UCSD_Pascal_and_the_p-System UCSD p-System from Wikipedia]
* [[Windows]]
* [[Unix]]
* [[Linux]]
=See also=
* [[Macintosh]]
* [[8086]]
* [[x86]]
* [[x86-64]]
=Manuals=
* [[IBM]] ('''1981'''). ''IBM 5150 Technical Reference 6025005''. First Edition, [http://classiccomputers.info/down/IBM/IBM_PC_5150/IBM_5150_Technical_Reference_6025005_AUG81.pdf pdf]
* [[IBM]] ('''1983'''). ''IBM XT Technical Reference''. [http://www.retroarchive.org/dos/docs/ibm5160techref.pdf pdf] [http://maben.homeip.net/static/S100/IBM/5160%20XT/IBM%20XT%20Technical%20Reference%20198603.pdf revised 1986 edition as pdf]
* [[IBM]] ('''1984'''). ''IBM AT Technical Reference 1502492''. [http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/pc/at/1502494_PC_AT_Technical_Reference_Mar84.pdf pdf]
* [http://www.verycomputer.com/12_2f34507e8d8cd9d6_1.htm Dave Williams] ('''1992'''). ''[http://www.o3one.org/hwdocs/bios_doc/dosref22.html Programmer's Technical Reference for MSDOS and the IBM PC]''. Shareware Version
* [[IBM]] ('''1996'''). ''Using Your Personal Computer PC 365 with Pentium Pro Processor''. [http://ps-2.kev009.com/pccbbs/commercial_desktop/6589us.pdf 3rd 1997 edition as pdf]
* [[IBM]] ('''1997'''). ''PC 300 Technical Information Manual''. (Types 6562 amd 6592), [http://ps-2.kev009.com/pccbbs/commercial_desktop/d4anabas.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess/o1NSJQVh2Zo/3Ebl5u7SjMwJ Chess programs for IBM PC] by Udo Sprute, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgc]], February 20, 1993
* [http://www.foro.meca-web.es/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=72&start=30#p2512 La máquina preservadora 3. Programas para PC] by Luis a, [[Computer Chess Forums|Meca Foro]], August 08, 2013 (Spanish)
=External Links=
==PC==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer IBM Personal Computer from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT IBM Personal Computer XT from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer/AT IBM Personal Computer/AT from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 IBM Personal System/2 from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102646177 IBM Personal Computers For the Office, Home, Classroom] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102646138 IBM PCjr: The Easy One for Everyone] from [[The Computer History Museum]]
* [http://oldcomputers.net/ibm5150.html IBM 5150 Personal Computer] from [http://oldcomputers.net/ The Old Computer Museum]
* [http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_1.html IBM Archives: IBM Personal Computer]
* [http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/pictures/display/0-3-IBMPC.htm IBM PC] from [http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/voy/museum/phototour.html Computer History Exhibits Photo Tour] created January 2000 by [http://infolab.stanford.edu/~gio/ Gio Wiederhold]
* [http://pctimeline.info/ibmpc/ Chronology of IBM Personal Computers]
* [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/ibm-pc-5150-origin.html What a Legacy: The Origin of the IBM PC]
* [http://madmikesamerica.com/2011/08/ibm-pc-is-30-years-old-is-pc-era-over/ IBM PC is 30 years-old - Is PC era over? | MadMikesAmerica] by [http://madmikesamerica.com/author/holte-ender/ Holte Ender], August 11, 2011
* [http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/gadgets/0,1518,779282,00.html Siegeszug der Wenigkönner] by [http://www.spiegel.de/extra/0,1518,632080,00.html Frank Patalong], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel#Spiegel_Online Spiegel Online], August 12, 2011 (German)
==Compatibles==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible IBM PC compatible from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_of_the_IBM_PC_on_the_personal_computer_market Influence of the IBM PC on the personal computer market from Wikipedia]
* <span id="Sperry"></span>[http://digital.hagley.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A2160033 Sperry PC with models] | [http://digital.hagley.org/ Hagley Digital Archives]
* <span id="Tandy2000"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandy_2000 Tandy 2000 from Wikipedia]
==DOS==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_x86_DOS_operating_systems Timeline of x86 DOS operating systems from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_x86_DOS_operating_systems Comparison of x86 DOS operating systems from Wikipedia]
==Graphics Adapter==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Monochrome_Display_Adapter IBM Monochrome Display Adapter from Wikipedia] (MDA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter Color Graphics Adapter from Wikipedia] (CGA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_Graphics_Card Hercules Graphics Card from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter Enhanced Graphics Adapter from Wikipedia] (EGA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Graphics_Array Video Graphics Array from Wikipedia] (VGA)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_video_graphics_array Super Video Graphics Array from Wikipedia] (SVGA)
==Keyboard==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard IBM PC keyboard from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_M_keyboard Model M keyboard from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Hardware|Up one Level]]'''
