25,161
edits
Changes
Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Merlin''' FILE:Merlin_official.jpg|border|right|thumb|220px|http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/File:Merlin_official.jpg|[https://en.wikipedi..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Merlin'''
[[FILE:Merlin_official.jpg|border|right|thumb|220px|http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/File:Merlin_official.jpg|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney Disney's] version of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin Merlin] <ref>[http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/File:Merlin_official.jpg Merlin image] from [http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/The_Disney_Wiki Disney Wiki]</ref> <ref>The Merlin character from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_%28film%29 The Sword in the Stone], the 1963 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney Disney] film, was eponym of the programs name</ref> ]]
'''Merlin''',<br/>
a computer chess program developed in the late 70s and early 80s by four students from [[Vienna University of Technology]], [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] and [[Roland Schreier]], supported by project supervisor [[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig]]. Merlin competed at various [[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|ACM North American Computer Chess Championships]] and two [[World Computer Chess Championship|World Computer Chess Championships]] in the 80s, the [[WCCC 1983]] in New York and [[WCCC 1989]] in Edmonton, at the WCCC running on [[IBM 370]] compliant [[Siemens-System 7.800|Siemens 7.890 F]] (1983) and [[IBM 370|IBM 3090]] (1989) <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=353 Merlin's ICGA Tournaments]</ref>. It won the [[International Computer Chess Tournament 1984]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarn Baarn], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands The Netherlands] <ref>[[Jaap van Oosterwijk Bruyn]] ('''1984'''). ''International Computer-Chess Tournament in the Netherlands''. [[ICGA Journal#7_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2]]</ref>.
=Internals=
As mentioned in [[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig|Werner DePauli-Schimanovich's]] 2006 book ''Europolis 6'' <ref>[[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig|Werner DePauli-Schimanovich]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://www.trauner.at/buchdetail.aspx?artnr=20199541 Europolis 6]''. Informatik für Spiele und Verkehr. Extension der Mengenlehre, Herausgeber: Franz Pichler, [http://www.trauner.at/Default.aspx Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner], ISBN 978-3-85487-946-6, (SG7) Merlin (ein ComputerChess-Programm) s. 171 (German), [http://books.google.com/books?id=Gf4WibmHVbcC&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&source=bl&ots=YPtaHAp3Z4&sig=DNRPh11heo8Q1zS3UOBe0qoCF-8&hl=en&ei=0GmnTMX1GMfJswaL-NivDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books]</ref> and the reprinted paper ''Das Schachprogramm Merlin ...'' by [[Helmut Horacek]] and [[Marcus Wagner]] <ref>[[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1981'''). ''Das Schachprogramm Merlin, Verbesserung von Laufzeit-Effizient, Eröffnungsbibliothek und Bewertungsfunktion.'' 4. Tagung "Berichte aus Informatik-Instituten" (German)</ref>, Merlin was initially based on the didactic program [[Chess 0.5]] by [[Larry Atkin]] and [[Peter W. Frey]], as published 1978 in [[Byte Magazine]], also written in [[Pascal]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-434fea055cbb3 The 6th World Computer Chess Championship, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_WCCC/1989%20WCCC.062302028.sm.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> except some time critical, often called routines, which were re-written in [[Assembly|CDC assembly]] by Wagner. Merlin was basically a [[Brute-Force|brute-force]] [[Depth-First|depth-first]] searcher with knowledge-based [[Selectivity|selectivity]] <ref>[[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1986'''). ''Selective Search versus Brute Force.'' [[ICGA Journal#9_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3]]</ref> , using [[Extensions|extensions]] as well as [[Null Move|null move]] to [[Null Move Pruning#ThreatDetection|determine threats]] <ref>[[Hermann Kaindl]] ('''1983'''). ''Searching to Variable Depth in Computer Chess.'' Proceedings of [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai83.html IJCAI 83], pp. 760-762. Karlsruhe. [http://ijcai.org/Past%20Proceedings/IJCAI-83-VOL-2/PDF/039.pdf pdf]</ref> .
=See also=
* [[Various Classifications#Arthur|Arthurian legend]]
* [[Various Classifications#Bird|Bird]]
* [[Chess 0.5]]
* [[Various Classifications#Comics|Comics]]
* [[Various Classifications#Magic|Magic]]
* [[Myrddin]]
* [[Vienna University of Technology]]
=Namesakes=
* [[Merlin (GB)|Merlin]], the early chess program by [[Jeff Rollason]] from 1976 <ref>[http://www.aifactory.co.uk/newsletter/2005_02_treebeard_chess.htm Treebeard - A new way to do Chess - AI Factory newsletter article Summer 2005], mentions [[Merlin (GB)|Merlin]] and [[Rasputin]]</ref>
* [[Merlin (HU)|Merlin]], a [[Chess Engine Communication Protocol]] compatible chess engine by [[Balázs Jako|Balázs Jákó]] <ref>[http://www.hun-digital.hu/merlin/index_en.html Merlin Chess Engine]</ref>
=Publications=
* [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1981'''). ''Das Schachprogramm Merlin, Verbesserung von Laufzeit-Effizient, Eröffnungsbibliothek und Bewertungsfunktion.'' 4.Tagung Berichte aus Informatik-Instituten (German) <ref>reprinted in [[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig|Werner DePauli-Schimanovich]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://www.trauner.at/buchdetail.aspx?artnr=20199541 Europolis 6]''. Informatik für Spiele und Verkehr. Extension der Mengenlehre, Herausgeber: Franz Pichler, [http://www.trauner.at/Default.aspx Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner], ISBN 978-3-85487-946-6, (SG7) Merlin (ein ComputerChess-Programm) s. 171 (German)</ref>
* [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1982'''). ''Das Programm Merlin - Unterschiede zu konventionellen Schachprogrammen''. [http://www.oegai.at/journal.shtml OeGAI Journal], 1982 (German)
* [[Hermann Kaindl]] ('''1983'''). ''Searching to Variable Depth in Computer Chess.'' Proceedings of [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai83.html IJCAI 83], [http://ijcai.org/Past%20Proceedings/IJCAI-83-VOL-2/PDF/039.pdf pdf]
* [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1986'''). ''Selective Search versus Brute Force.'' [[ICGA Journal#9_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3]]
* [[Hermann Kaindl]] ('''1988'''). ''Useful Statistics from Tournament Programs''. [[ICGA Journal#11_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4]] » [[Search Statistics]]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=353 Merlin's ICGA Tournaments]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin Merlin the wizard, from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters List of Arthurian characters from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini Prophetiae Merlini from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/n&q/myrddin.htm Myrddin & Merlin: A Guide to the Early Evolution of the Merlin Legend] from [http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/index.html Arthuriana] by [http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/contact.htm Thomas Green]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_%28bird%29 Merlin (bird) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_%28comics%29 Merlin (comics) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_the_Magician_%28comics%29 Merlin the Magician (comics) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_%28disambiguation%29 Merlin (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coming_of_the_King The Coming of the King from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone The Sword in the Stone from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:Merlin_official.jpg|border|right|thumb|220px|http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/File:Merlin_official.jpg|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney Disney's] version of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin Merlin] <ref>[http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/File:Merlin_official.jpg Merlin image] from [http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/The_Disney_Wiki Disney Wiki]</ref> <ref>The Merlin character from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_%28film%29 The Sword in the Stone], the 1963 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney Disney] film, was eponym of the programs name</ref> ]]
'''Merlin''',<br/>
a computer chess program developed in the late 70s and early 80s by four students from [[Vienna University of Technology]], [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] and [[Roland Schreier]], supported by project supervisor [[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig]]. Merlin competed at various [[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|ACM North American Computer Chess Championships]] and two [[World Computer Chess Championship|World Computer Chess Championships]] in the 80s, the [[WCCC 1983]] in New York and [[WCCC 1989]] in Edmonton, at the WCCC running on [[IBM 370]] compliant [[Siemens-System 7.800|Siemens 7.890 F]] (1983) and [[IBM 370|IBM 3090]] (1989) <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=353 Merlin's ICGA Tournaments]</ref>. It won the [[International Computer Chess Tournament 1984]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarn Baarn], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands The Netherlands] <ref>[[Jaap van Oosterwijk Bruyn]] ('''1984'''). ''International Computer-Chess Tournament in the Netherlands''. [[ICGA Journal#7_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2]]</ref>.
=Internals=
As mentioned in [[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig|Werner DePauli-Schimanovich's]] 2006 book ''Europolis 6'' <ref>[[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig|Werner DePauli-Schimanovich]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://www.trauner.at/buchdetail.aspx?artnr=20199541 Europolis 6]''. Informatik für Spiele und Verkehr. Extension der Mengenlehre, Herausgeber: Franz Pichler, [http://www.trauner.at/Default.aspx Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner], ISBN 978-3-85487-946-6, (SG7) Merlin (ein ComputerChess-Programm) s. 171 (German), [http://books.google.com/books?id=Gf4WibmHVbcC&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&source=bl&ots=YPtaHAp3Z4&sig=DNRPh11heo8Q1zS3UOBe0qoCF-8&hl=en&ei=0GmnTMX1GMfJswaL-NivDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books]</ref> and the reprinted paper ''Das Schachprogramm Merlin ...'' by [[Helmut Horacek]] and [[Marcus Wagner]] <ref>[[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1981'''). ''Das Schachprogramm Merlin, Verbesserung von Laufzeit-Effizient, Eröffnungsbibliothek und Bewertungsfunktion.'' 4. Tagung "Berichte aus Informatik-Instituten" (German)</ref>, Merlin was initially based on the didactic program [[Chess 0.5]] by [[Larry Atkin]] and [[Peter W. Frey]], as published 1978 in [[Byte Magazine]], also written in [[Pascal]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-434fea055cbb3 The 6th World Computer Chess Championship, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_WCCC/1989%20WCCC.062302028.sm.pdf pdf] from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> except some time critical, often called routines, which were re-written in [[Assembly|CDC assembly]] by Wagner. Merlin was basically a [[Brute-Force|brute-force]] [[Depth-First|depth-first]] searcher with knowledge-based [[Selectivity|selectivity]] <ref>[[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1986'''). ''Selective Search versus Brute Force.'' [[ICGA Journal#9_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3]]</ref> , using [[Extensions|extensions]] as well as [[Null Move|null move]] to [[Null Move Pruning#ThreatDetection|determine threats]] <ref>[[Hermann Kaindl]] ('''1983'''). ''Searching to Variable Depth in Computer Chess.'' Proceedings of [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai83.html IJCAI 83], pp. 760-762. Karlsruhe. [http://ijcai.org/Past%20Proceedings/IJCAI-83-VOL-2/PDF/039.pdf pdf]</ref> .
=See also=
* [[Various Classifications#Arthur|Arthurian legend]]
* [[Various Classifications#Bird|Bird]]
* [[Chess 0.5]]
* [[Various Classifications#Comics|Comics]]
* [[Various Classifications#Magic|Magic]]
* [[Myrddin]]
* [[Vienna University of Technology]]
=Namesakes=
* [[Merlin (GB)|Merlin]], the early chess program by [[Jeff Rollason]] from 1976 <ref>[http://www.aifactory.co.uk/newsletter/2005_02_treebeard_chess.htm Treebeard - A new way to do Chess - AI Factory newsletter article Summer 2005], mentions [[Merlin (GB)|Merlin]] and [[Rasputin]]</ref>
* [[Merlin (HU)|Merlin]], a [[Chess Engine Communication Protocol]] compatible chess engine by [[Balázs Jako|Balázs Jákó]] <ref>[http://www.hun-digital.hu/merlin/index_en.html Merlin Chess Engine]</ref>
=Publications=
* [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1981'''). ''Das Schachprogramm Merlin, Verbesserung von Laufzeit-Effizient, Eröffnungsbibliothek und Bewertungsfunktion.'' 4.Tagung Berichte aus Informatik-Instituten (German) <ref>reprinted in [[Werner DePauli-Schimanovich-Göttig|Werner DePauli-Schimanovich]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://www.trauner.at/buchdetail.aspx?artnr=20199541 Europolis 6]''. Informatik für Spiele und Verkehr. Extension der Mengenlehre, Herausgeber: Franz Pichler, [http://www.trauner.at/Default.aspx Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner], ISBN 978-3-85487-946-6, (SG7) Merlin (ein ComputerChess-Programm) s. 171 (German)</ref>
* [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1982'''). ''Das Programm Merlin - Unterschiede zu konventionellen Schachprogrammen''. [http://www.oegai.at/journal.shtml OeGAI Journal], 1982 (German)
* [[Hermann Kaindl]] ('''1983'''). ''Searching to Variable Depth in Computer Chess.'' Proceedings of [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai83.html IJCAI 83], [http://ijcai.org/Past%20Proceedings/IJCAI-83-VOL-2/PDF/039.pdf pdf]
* [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]], [[Marcus Wagner]] ('''1986'''). ''Selective Search versus Brute Force.'' [[ICGA Journal#9_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3]]
* [[Hermann Kaindl]] ('''1988'''). ''Useful Statistics from Tournament Programs''. [[ICGA Journal#11_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4]] » [[Search Statistics]]
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=353 Merlin's ICGA Tournaments]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin Merlin the wizard, from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters List of Arthurian characters from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini Prophetiae Merlini from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/n&q/myrddin.htm Myrddin & Merlin: A Guide to the Early Evolution of the Merlin Legend] from [http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/index.html Arthuriana] by [http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/contact.htm Thomas Green]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_%28bird%29 Merlin (bird) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_%28comics%29 Merlin (comics) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_the_Magician_%28comics%29 Merlin the Magician (comics) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin_%28disambiguation%29 Merlin (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coming_of_the_King The Coming of the King from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone The Sword in the Stone from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
