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Created page with "'''Home * People * Raymond Smullyan''' FILE:Smullyan.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Smullyan.html| Raymond Sm..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Raymond Smullyan'''
[[FILE:Smullyan.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Smullyan.html| Raymond Smullyan <ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Smullyan.html Smullyan Portraits], [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/ McTutor History of Mathematics]</ref> ]]
'''Raymond Merrill Smullyan''', (May 25, 1919 - February 6, 2017 <ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/mathematician-puzzle-maker-raymond-smullyan-dead-97-1605912 Mathematician and puzzle-maker Raymond Smullyan dead at 97] by [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/reporters/hannah-osborne Hannah Osborne], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times International Business Times], February 10, 2017</ref>)<br/>
was an American mathematician, logician, philosopher, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magician magician], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianist pianist], and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington]. He held a Ph.D. in mathematics on the theory of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system formal systems] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University Princeton University] under advisor [[Mathematician#Church|Alonzo Church]] <ref>[http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=8027 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Raymond Smullyan]</ref>. Smullyan was author of fourteen books and of numerous research articles on the topics of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic mathematical logic], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic first-order logic], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_theory set theory], theory of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable_function computable functions], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_mathematics recreational mathematics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_game mathematical games] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_puzzle puzzles], [[Retrograde Analysis|retrograde chess problems]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy Eastern philosophy]. He has been a contributor to [[Scientific American]] <ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~phil/people/smullyan.shtml Raymond Smullyan | Department of Philosophy] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Retrograde Analysis]]
=Selected Publications=
==1959==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1959'''). ''Theory of Formal Systems''. Ph.D. thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University Princeton University], advisor [[Mathematician#Church|Alonzo Church]]
==1960 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1961'''). ''Theory of Formal Systems''. AM-47, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Mathematics Annals of Mathematics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1968'''). ''First-Order Logic''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic first-order logic from Wikipedia]</ref>
==1970 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1977'''). ''The Tao Is Silent''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins HarperOne]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1977'''). ''[http://www.mit.edu/people/dpolicar/writing/prose/text/godTaoist.html Is God a Taoist?]'' [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology |MIT]]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1978'''). ''What Is the Name of This Book? The Riddle of Dracula and Other Logical Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall Prentice Hall] <ref>[[Mathematician#GBoolos|George Boolos]] ('''1996'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Harvard_Review_of_Philosophy The Harvard Review of Philosophy]. Vol. 6, [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/1996/Boolos.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_and_Knaves Knights and Knaves - Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://www.amazon.com/Chess-Mysteries-Sherlock-Holmes/dp/0394737571 The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf] <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/MyFmpXxqccg/Z6WgNuoF-hcJ Smullyan Problem in Sherlock Holmes book] by Christopher Heckman, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], January 18, 2013</ref>
==1980 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1981'''). ''[http://www.chesslund.com/detail.asp?id=2206&n=Smullyan-The-Chess-Mysteries-of-the-Arabian-Knights The Chess Mysteries of the Arabian Knights ]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf] <ref>[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schachkomposition#Retrospektive_.28Retroanalyse.29 Retrospektive (Retroanalyse)] from German Wikipedia, [[Raymond Smullyan]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian Manchester Guardian], 1957</ref>
: <fentt border="double" style="font-size:24pt">8/8/8/1r1b4/B7/8/8/3k4</fentt>
: Where is the white king?
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1982'''). ''The Lady or the Tiger? - ladies, tigers, and more logic puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Random House] <ref>inspired by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_R._Stockton Frank R. Stockton] ('''1882'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady,_or_the_Tiger%3F The Lady, or the Tiger?]'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_Magazine The Century Magazine]</ref> <ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14345297.html Tiefes Wasser], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 32/1982 (German)</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://www.mit.edu/people/dpolicar/writing/prose/text/epistemologicalNightmare.html An Epistemological Nightmare]''. [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology Epistemology from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1985'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Mock_a_Mockingbird To Mock a Mockingbird and Other Logic Puzzles: Including an Amazing Adventure in Combinatory Logic]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1987'''). ''Alice in Puzzle-Land: A Carrollian Tale for Children Under Eighty''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books Penguin Books], Introduction by [[Martin Gardner]]
==1990 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1992'''). ''Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1992'''). ''Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1993'''). ''Recursion Theory for Metamathematics''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamathematics Metamathematics from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1994'''). ''Diagonalization and Self-Reference''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486683702.html First-Order Logic]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1996'''). ''Set Theory and the Continuum Problem''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_hypothesis Continuum hypothesis from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1998'''). ''The Riddle of Scheherazade: And Other Amazing Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner_Books Mariner Books]
==2000 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2000'''). ''To Mock a Mockingbird - And Other Logic Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2002'''). ''Some Interesting Memories: A Paradoxical Life''. Thinkers' Press
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2003'''). ''Who Knows? A Study of Religious Consciousness''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Press Indiana University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://www.polimetrica.com/wp/negozio/the-magic-garden-of-george-b-and-other-logic-puzzles-raymond-smullyan/ The Magic Garden of George B. And Other Logic Puzzles]''. Polimetrica
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781568814438 Logical Labyrinths]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_K_Peters,_Ltd. A K Peters]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486470369.html Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
==2010 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2010'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486474356.html King Arthur in Search of His Dog and Other Curious Puzzles]''. [http://store.doverpublications.com/by-subject-mathematics-general.html Dover Books on Mathematics]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486482014.html The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes]''. [http://store.doverpublications.com/by-subject-mathematics-general.html Dover Books on Mathematics], reprint of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf], 1979 edition <ref>[[Mathematician#Smullyan|Raymond Smullyan]] introducing [[Retrograde Analysis|retrograde analysis]] in the [[Chess Game|game of chess]]</ref> <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/MyFmpXxqccg/Z6WgNuoF-hcJ Smullyan Problem in Sherlock Holmes book] by Christopher Heckman, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], January 18, 2013</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486497054.html The Gödelian Puzzle Book: Puzzles, Paradoxes and Proofs]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
* [[Mathematician#JRosenhouse|Jason Rosenhouse]], [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2014'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/048649067x.html Four Lives: A Celebration of Raymond Smullyan]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
=External Links=
==Smullyan==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Smullyan Raymond Smullyan from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Raymond_Smullyan Raymond Smullyan - Wikiquote]
* [http://www.indiana.edu/~phil/people/smullyan.shtml Raymond Smullyan | Department of Philosophy] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington]
* [https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=8027 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Raymond Smullyan]
* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Smullyan.html Smullyan biography], [https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/maths/ School of Mathematics and Statistics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews University of St Andrews], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland Scotland]
* [http://www.gamepuzzles.com/raymond.htm Raymond Smullyan and friends] from [http://www.gamepuzzles.com/ Kadon Enterprises, Inc.]
* [https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/mathematician-puzzle-maker-raymond-smullyan-dead-97-1605912 Mathematician and puzzle-maker Raymond Smullyan dead at 97] by [https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/reporters/hannah-osborne Hannah Osborne], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times International Business Times], February 10, 2017
* [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/14/joop-van-oosterom-and-raymond-smullyan-chess-lose/ In Joop van Oosterom and Raymond Smullyan, chess loses two colorful characters] by [https://www.washingtontimes.com/staff/david-r-sands/ David R. Sands], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times Washington Times], February 14, 2017 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joop_van_Oosterom Joop van Oosterom from Wikipedia]</ref>
==A Mathematical Mystery Tour==
* <span id="Video"></span>[https://vimeo.com/127338218 A Mathematical Mystery Tour] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_%28BBC_TV_series%29 BBC Horizon Documentary] (1984), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimeo Vimeo] Video
: featuring [[Mathematician#Dieudonne|Jean Dieudonné]], [[Mathematician#Atiyah|Michael Atiyah]], [[Mathematician#GWMoore|Greg Moore]], [[Mathematician#Erdos|Paul Erdős]], [[Mathematician#Thom|René Thom]], [[Raymond Smullyan]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Grattan-Guinness Ivor Grattan-Guinness] - [[White Knight]] at 36:45
* '''Intro'''
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem Fermat's Last Theorem] 0:30
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture Goldbach's conjecture] 0:39
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Riemann hypothesis] 0:52
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-manifold#Special_phenomena_in_4-dimensions Classification Problem for 4-D Manifolds] 1:02
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem P versus NP problem] 1:16
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_subspace_problem Invariant Subspace Problem] for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_space Hilbert Spaces] 1:28
* '''A Mathematical Mystery Tour''' 1:50
# '''Proof Beyond Doubt''' 2:51
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof Proof]
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_theorem Euclid's theorem] 3:32
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_prime Are there infinitely many twin primes?] 3:55
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s#Erd.C5.91s.27_problems Erdős' problems] 4:23
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture Goldbach's conjecture] 5:07
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mertens_conjecture Mertens conjecture] 5:35
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements Euclid's Elements] 6:15
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mathematics Chinese mathematics] 6:42
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_mathematics Egyptian mathematics] 7:02
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem Fermat's Last Theorem] 8:30
# '''The Language of Abstraction''' 12:20
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Bourbaki Bourbaki Group] 12:24
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_structure Abstract structure] 15:30
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry Euclidean geometry] 16:12
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Euclidean_geometry Non-Euclidean geometry] 16:45
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercube Hypercube] 17:08
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein_bottle Klein bottle] 18:08
# '''Discovery or Invention''' 19:18
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics History of mathematics] 19:20
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonism Platonism] 20:15
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem Pythagorean theorem] 20:21
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_rectangle Golden rectangle] 20:35
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio Golden ratio]
# '''Playing the Numbers''' 22:13
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi Pi] 22:18
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_prime Mersenne prime] 24:07
# '''The Taming of the Infinite''' 25:37
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity Infinity] 25:37
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set Countable set] 26:08
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncountable_set Uncountable set] 27:25
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph_number Aleph number] 28:17
# '''Contradictions and Paradoxes''' 29:22
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic Mathematical logic] 29:40
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_paradox Russell's paradox] 31:23
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica Principia Mathematica] 33:50
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_program Hilbert's program] 35:40
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems Gödel's incompleteness theorems] 39:03
# '''Incomplete Future''' 40:20
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem Four color theorem] 44:00
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_proof Computer-assisted proof] 44:50
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Mathematician|Smullyan]]
[[FILE:Smullyan.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Smullyan.html| Raymond Smullyan <ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Smullyan.html Smullyan Portraits], [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/ McTutor History of Mathematics]</ref> ]]
'''Raymond Merrill Smullyan''', (May 25, 1919 - February 6, 2017 <ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/mathematician-puzzle-maker-raymond-smullyan-dead-97-1605912 Mathematician and puzzle-maker Raymond Smullyan dead at 97] by [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/reporters/hannah-osborne Hannah Osborne], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times International Business Times], February 10, 2017</ref>)<br/>
was an American mathematician, logician, philosopher, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magician magician], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianist pianist], and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington]. He held a Ph.D. in mathematics on the theory of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system formal systems] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University Princeton University] under advisor [[Mathematician#Church|Alonzo Church]] <ref>[http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=8027 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Raymond Smullyan]</ref>. Smullyan was author of fourteen books and of numerous research articles on the topics of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic mathematical logic], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic first-order logic], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_theory set theory], theory of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable_function computable functions], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_mathematics recreational mathematics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_game mathematical games] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_puzzle puzzles], [[Retrograde Analysis|retrograde chess problems]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy Eastern philosophy]. He has been a contributor to [[Scientific American]] <ref>[http://www.indiana.edu/~phil/people/smullyan.shtml Raymond Smullyan | Department of Philosophy] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Retrograde Analysis]]
=Selected Publications=
==1959==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1959'''). ''Theory of Formal Systems''. Ph.D. thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University Princeton University], advisor [[Mathematician#Church|Alonzo Church]]
==1960 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1961'''). ''Theory of Formal Systems''. AM-47, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Mathematics Annals of Mathematics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press Princeton University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1968'''). ''First-Order Logic''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic first-order logic from Wikipedia]</ref>
==1970 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1977'''). ''The Tao Is Silent''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins HarperOne]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1977'''). ''[http://www.mit.edu/people/dpolicar/writing/prose/text/godTaoist.html Is God a Taoist?]'' [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology |MIT]]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1978'''). ''What Is the Name of This Book? The Riddle of Dracula and Other Logical Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall Prentice Hall] <ref>[[Mathematician#GBoolos|George Boolos]] ('''1996'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Harvard_Review_of_Philosophy The Harvard Review of Philosophy]. Vol. 6, [http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~hrp/issues/1996/Boolos.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_and_Knaves Knights and Knaves - Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://www.amazon.com/Chess-Mysteries-Sherlock-Holmes/dp/0394737571 The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf] <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/MyFmpXxqccg/Z6WgNuoF-hcJ Smullyan Problem in Sherlock Holmes book] by Christopher Heckman, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], January 18, 2013</ref>
==1980 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1981'''). ''[http://www.chesslund.com/detail.asp?id=2206&n=Smullyan-The-Chess-Mysteries-of-the-Arabian-Knights The Chess Mysteries of the Arabian Knights ]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf] <ref>[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schachkomposition#Retrospektive_.28Retroanalyse.29 Retrospektive (Retroanalyse)] from German Wikipedia, [[Raymond Smullyan]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian Manchester Guardian], 1957</ref>
: <fentt border="double" style="font-size:24pt">8/8/8/1r1b4/B7/8/8/3k4</fentt>
: Where is the white king?
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1982'''). ''The Lady or the Tiger? - ladies, tigers, and more logic puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House Random House] <ref>inspired by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_R._Stockton Frank R. Stockton] ('''1882'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady,_or_the_Tiger%3F The Lady, or the Tiger?]'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_Magazine The Century Magazine]</ref> <ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14345297.html Tiefes Wasser], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 32/1982 (German)</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://www.mit.edu/people/dpolicar/writing/prose/text/epistemologicalNightmare.html An Epistemological Nightmare]''. [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology Epistemology from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1985'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Mock_a_Mockingbird To Mock a Mockingbird and Other Logic Puzzles: Including an Amazing Adventure in Combinatory Logic]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1987'''). ''Alice in Puzzle-Land: A Carrollian Tale for Children Under Eighty''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books Penguin Books], Introduction by [[Martin Gardner]]
==1990 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1992'''). ''Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1992'''). ''Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems Gödel's incompleteness theorems - Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1993'''). ''Recursion Theory for Metamathematics''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamathematics Metamathematics from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1994'''). ''Diagonalization and Self-Reference''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486683702.html First-Order Logic]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1996'''). ''Set Theory and the Continuum Problem''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum_hypothesis Continuum hypothesis from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''1998'''). ''The Riddle of Scheherazade: And Other Amazing Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner_Books Mariner Books]
==2000 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2000'''). ''To Mock a Mockingbird - And Other Logic Puzzles''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2002'''). ''Some Interesting Memories: A Paradoxical Life''. Thinkers' Press
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2003'''). ''Who Knows? A Study of Religious Consciousness''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Press Indiana University Press]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://www.polimetrica.com/wp/negozio/the-magic-garden-of-george-b-and-other-logic-puzzles-raymond-smullyan/ The Magic Garden of George B. And Other Logic Puzzles]''. Polimetrica
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781568814438 Logical Labyrinths]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_K_Peters,_Ltd. A K Peters]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486470369.html Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
==2010 ...==
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2010'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486474356.html King Arthur in Search of His Dog and Other Curious Puzzles]''. [http://store.doverpublications.com/by-subject-mathematics-general.html Dover Books on Mathematics]
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486482014.html The Chess Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes]''. [http://store.doverpublications.com/by-subject-mathematics-general.html Dover Books on Mathematics], reprint of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf Knopf], 1979 edition <ref>[[Mathematician#Smullyan|Raymond Smullyan]] introducing [[Retrograde Analysis|retrograde analysis]] in the [[Chess Game|game of chess]]</ref> <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/MyFmpXxqccg/Z6WgNuoF-hcJ Smullyan Problem in Sherlock Holmes book] by Christopher Heckman, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], January 18, 2013</ref>
* [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/0486497054.html The Gödelian Puzzle Book: Puzzles, Paradoxes and Proofs]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
* [[Mathematician#JRosenhouse|Jason Rosenhouse]], [[Raymond Smullyan]] ('''2014'''). ''[http://store.doverpublications.com/048649067x.html Four Lives: A Celebration of Raymond Smullyan]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Publications Dover Publications]
=External Links=
==Smullyan==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Smullyan Raymond Smullyan from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Raymond_Smullyan Raymond Smullyan - Wikiquote]
* [http://www.indiana.edu/~phil/people/smullyan.shtml Raymond Smullyan | Department of Philosophy] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington]
* [https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=8027 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Raymond Smullyan]
* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Smullyan.html Smullyan biography], [https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/maths/ School of Mathematics and Statistics], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews University of St Andrews], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland Scotland]
* [http://www.gamepuzzles.com/raymond.htm Raymond Smullyan and friends] from [http://www.gamepuzzles.com/ Kadon Enterprises, Inc.]
* [https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/mathematician-puzzle-maker-raymond-smullyan-dead-97-1605912 Mathematician and puzzle-maker Raymond Smullyan dead at 97] by [https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/reporters/hannah-osborne Hannah Osborne], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times International Business Times], February 10, 2017
* [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/14/joop-van-oosterom-and-raymond-smullyan-chess-lose/ In Joop van Oosterom and Raymond Smullyan, chess loses two colorful characters] by [https://www.washingtontimes.com/staff/david-r-sands/ David R. Sands], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Times Washington Times], February 14, 2017 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joop_van_Oosterom Joop van Oosterom from Wikipedia]</ref>
==A Mathematical Mystery Tour==
* <span id="Video"></span>[https://vimeo.com/127338218 A Mathematical Mystery Tour] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_%28BBC_TV_series%29 BBC Horizon Documentary] (1984), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimeo Vimeo] Video
: featuring [[Mathematician#Dieudonne|Jean Dieudonné]], [[Mathematician#Atiyah|Michael Atiyah]], [[Mathematician#GWMoore|Greg Moore]], [[Mathematician#Erdos|Paul Erdős]], [[Mathematician#Thom|René Thom]], [[Raymond Smullyan]], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Grattan-Guinness Ivor Grattan-Guinness] - [[White Knight]] at 36:45
* '''Intro'''
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem Fermat's Last Theorem] 0:30
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture Goldbach's conjecture] 0:39
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis Riemann hypothesis] 0:52
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-manifold#Special_phenomena_in_4-dimensions Classification Problem for 4-D Manifolds] 1:02
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem P versus NP problem] 1:16
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_subspace_problem Invariant Subspace Problem] for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_space Hilbert Spaces] 1:28
* '''A Mathematical Mystery Tour''' 1:50
# '''Proof Beyond Doubt''' 2:51
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof Proof]
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_theorem Euclid's theorem] 3:32
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_prime Are there infinitely many twin primes?] 3:55
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s#Erd.C5.91s.27_problems Erdős' problems] 4:23
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture Goldbach's conjecture] 5:07
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mertens_conjecture Mertens conjecture] 5:35
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements Euclid's Elements] 6:15
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mathematics Chinese mathematics] 6:42
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_mathematics Egyptian mathematics] 7:02
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_Last_Theorem Fermat's Last Theorem] 8:30
# '''The Language of Abstraction''' 12:20
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Bourbaki Bourbaki Group] 12:24
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_structure Abstract structure] 15:30
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_geometry Euclidean geometry] 16:12
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Euclidean_geometry Non-Euclidean geometry] 16:45
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercube Hypercube] 17:08
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein_bottle Klein bottle] 18:08
# '''Discovery or Invention''' 19:18
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics History of mathematics] 19:20
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonism Platonism] 20:15
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem Pythagorean theorem] 20:21
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_rectangle Golden rectangle] 20:35
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio Golden ratio]
# '''Playing the Numbers''' 22:13
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi Pi] 22:18
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_prime Mersenne prime] 24:07
# '''The Taming of the Infinite''' 25:37
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity Infinity] 25:37
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set Countable set] 26:08
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncountable_set Uncountable set] 27:25
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph_number Aleph number] 28:17
# '''Contradictions and Paradoxes''' 29:22
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic Mathematical logic] 29:40
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_paradox Russell's paradox] 31:23
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica Principia Mathematica] 33:50
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_program Hilbert's program] 35:40
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems Gödel's incompleteness theorems] 39:03
# '''Incomplete Future''' 40:20
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem Four color theorem] 44:00
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_proof Computer-assisted proof] 44:50
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Mathematician|Smullyan]]
