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Created page with "'''Home * People * David Champernowne''' FILE:champernowne.jpg|border|right|thumb|160px|link=https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm| Dav..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * David Champernowne'''
[[FILE:champernowne.jpg|border|right|thumb|160px|link=https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm| David Champernowne <ref>[https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm David Gawen Champernowne, 1912-2000] from [https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/home.htm The History of Economic Thought]</ref> ]]
'''David Gawen Champernowne''', (July 09, 1912 - August 19, 2000)<br/>
was an English mathematician, statistician and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist economist] who picked a hole in [[Mathematician#JMKeynes|John Maynard Keynes']] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_General_Theory_of_Employment,_Interest_and_Money General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money] <ref>[http://ideas.repec.org/f/pbo480.html Mauro Boianovsky] ('''2000'''). ''[http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1/73.abstract Some Cambridge reactions to The General Theory: David Champernowne and Joan Robinson on full employment]''. [https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/wi-theorie/globalisierung/dokumente/15_2000.pdf pdf]</ref> and 'built a chess computer' with [[Alan Turing]] <ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/1353993/Professor-David-Champernowne.html Professor David Champernowne], obituary by [http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/faculty/pesaran/public-newsp.htm M. Hashem Pesaran], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph The Telegraph], September 04, 2000</ref>, a long-time friend from the time that they were undergraduates together at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge King's College, Cambridge].
=Champernowne constant=
In 1933 David Champernowne had noticed and published a simple but new result about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_number normal numbers], introducing the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champernowne_constant Champernowne constant] formed by concatenating positive integers <ref>[[David Champernowne]] ('''1933'''). ''The construction of decimals normal in the scale of ten''. [http://www.lms.ac.uk/content/journals Journal of the London Mathematical Society], vol. 8, p. 254-260</ref> <ref>[http://io9.com/5810960/an-easy+to+make-sequence-that-fooled-random-number-checkers An easy-to-make sequence that fooled random number checkers]</ref> <ref>[http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2009/02/13/371/ All Possible Digital Music By Definition] « [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/ CHIPFLIP]</ref>. [[Mathematician#Mahler|Kurt Mahler]] later showed it to also be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number transcendental] <ref>[[Mathematician#Mahler|Kurt Mahler]] ('''1937'''). ''Arithmetische Eigenschaften einer Klasse von Dezimalbrüchen''. Proceedings of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen], Ser. A. 40, p. 421-428</ref>.
C<span style="vertical-align: sub;
font-size: 80%;">10</span> = 0.12345678910111213141516... <ref>[http://oeis.org/A033307 sequence A033307] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences OEIS]</ref> <ref>[http://oeis.org/wiki/Champernowne_constant Champernowne constant - OeisWiki]</ref>
It seems very possible that Turing's interest in the constructive definition of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number real numbers] was stimulated by Champernowne's work, he took up this topic with some new results, and his manuscript notes were written on the back of the typescript of his 1936 paper ''On computable numbers'' <ref>[[Alan Turing]] ('''1936'''). ''On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem''. [http://www.seas.harvard.edu/courses/cs121/handouts/Turing.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html Alan Turing Scrapbook - Turing Machines] - Normal Numbers and the typescript of On Computable Numbers</ref>.
<span id="Turochamp"></span>
=Turochamp=
In 1948 Turing and Champernowne devised a chess playing program which they called [[Turochamp]], which incorporated important methods of [[Evaluation|evaluation]] <ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm#DAVID%20CHAMPERNOWNE David Champernowne (1912-2000)], [[ICGA Journal#23_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4]]</ref>. Champernowne later gave this description of Turochamp <ref>Chapter 16, Introduction on 'Chess', in [[Alan Turing]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland Jack Copeland] (editor) ('''2004'''). ''The Essential Turing, Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life plus The Secrets of Enigma''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press], [http://www.amazon.com/Essential-Turing-Philosophy-Artificial-Intelligence/dp/0198250800/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1324659595&sr=1-1 amazon], [http://books.google.com/books?id=RSkxnKlv1D4C&lpg=PP882&ots=VOWmiIm_lD&dq=Turochamp%2C%20chess&pg=PP881#v=onepage&q&f=true google books]</ref>:
Most of our attention went to deciding which moves were to be followed up. My memory about this is infuriatingly weak, [[Captures]] had to be followed up at least to the point where no further captures was immediately possible. [[Check]] and forcing moves had to be followed further. We were particularly keen on the idea that whereas certain moves would be scorned as pointless and pursued no further others would be followed quite a long way down certain paths. In the actual experiment I suspect we were a bit slapdash about all this and must have made a number of slips since the arithmetic was extremely tedious with pencil and paper. Our general conclusion was that a computer should be fairly easy to programme to play a game of chess against a beginner and stand a fair chance of winning or least reaching a winning position.
Turing started to code the Turochamp for [[Ferranti Mark 1]] computer at [[University of Manchester|Manchester University]] but he never competed the task.
=Round-the-house Chess=
Quote from ''First Law'' <ref>[http://www.math.cornell.edu/~numb3rs/spulido/Numb3rs_season5/Numb3rs_517.html Numb3rs 517: First Law]</ref>:
Turing played an important role in the development of computers in Britain. Together with his friend David Champernowne he invented "round-the-house" chess: after you move, run around the house, if you get back before your opponent's move you are entitled to a new move.
=Selected Publications=
* [[David Champernowne]] ('''1933'''). ''The construction of decimals normal in the scale of ten''. [http://www.lms.ac.uk/content/journals Journal of the London Mathematical Society], Vol. 8, p. 254-260
* [[David Champernowne]] ('''1969'''). ''Uncertainty and estimation in economics''. [http://isbndb.com/d/publisher/holden_day.html Holden Day], ISBN-13: 978-0050020067
* [[David Champernowne]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Cowell Frank Cowell] ('''1998'''). ''Economic inequality and income distribution''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press], ISBN-13: 978-0521589598 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_inequality Economic inequality from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_distribution Income distribution from Wikipedia]</ref>
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._G._Champernowne D. G. Champernowne from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm David Gawen Champernowne, 1912-2000] from [https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/home.htm The History of Economic Thought]
* [https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=128092 David Champernowne - The Mathematics Genealogy Project]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/sep/01/guardianobituaries1 Obituary: David Champernowne] by [http://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/reddaway.htm Brian Reddaway], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian The Guardian], September 01, 2000
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/1353993/Professor-David-Champernowne.html Professor David Champernowne], obituary by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Hashem_Pesaran M. Hashem Pesaran], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph The Telegraph], September 04, 2000
* [https://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm#DAVID%20CHAMPERNOWNE David Champernowne (1912-2000)], [[ICGA Journal#23_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4]]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:champernowne.jpg|border|right|thumb|160px|link=https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm| David Champernowne <ref>[https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm David Gawen Champernowne, 1912-2000] from [https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/home.htm The History of Economic Thought]</ref> ]]
'''David Gawen Champernowne''', (July 09, 1912 - August 19, 2000)<br/>
was an English mathematician, statistician and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist economist] who picked a hole in [[Mathematician#JMKeynes|John Maynard Keynes']] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_General_Theory_of_Employment,_Interest_and_Money General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money] <ref>[http://ideas.repec.org/f/pbo480.html Mauro Boianovsky] ('''2000'''). ''[http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1/73.abstract Some Cambridge reactions to The General Theory: David Champernowne and Joan Robinson on full employment]''. [https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/wi-theorie/globalisierung/dokumente/15_2000.pdf pdf]</ref> and 'built a chess computer' with [[Alan Turing]] <ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/1353993/Professor-David-Champernowne.html Professor David Champernowne], obituary by [http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/faculty/pesaran/public-newsp.htm M. Hashem Pesaran], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph The Telegraph], September 04, 2000</ref>, a long-time friend from the time that they were undergraduates together at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge King's College, Cambridge].
=Champernowne constant=
In 1933 David Champernowne had noticed and published a simple but new result about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_number normal numbers], introducing the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champernowne_constant Champernowne constant] formed by concatenating positive integers <ref>[[David Champernowne]] ('''1933'''). ''The construction of decimals normal in the scale of ten''. [http://www.lms.ac.uk/content/journals Journal of the London Mathematical Society], vol. 8, p. 254-260</ref> <ref>[http://io9.com/5810960/an-easy+to+make-sequence-that-fooled-random-number-checkers An easy-to-make sequence that fooled random number checkers]</ref> <ref>[http://chipflip.wordpress.com/2009/02/13/371/ All Possible Digital Music By Definition] « [http://chipflip.wordpress.com/ CHIPFLIP]</ref>. [[Mathematician#Mahler|Kurt Mahler]] later showed it to also be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number transcendental] <ref>[[Mathematician#Mahler|Kurt Mahler]] ('''1937'''). ''Arithmetische Eigenschaften einer Klasse von Dezimalbrüchen''. Proceedings of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen], Ser. A. 40, p. 421-428</ref>.
C<span style="vertical-align: sub;
font-size: 80%;">10</span> = 0.12345678910111213141516... <ref>[http://oeis.org/A033307 sequence A033307] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences OEIS]</ref> <ref>[http://oeis.org/wiki/Champernowne_constant Champernowne constant - OeisWiki]</ref>
It seems very possible that Turing's interest in the constructive definition of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number real numbers] was stimulated by Champernowne's work, he took up this topic with some new results, and his manuscript notes were written on the back of the typescript of his 1936 paper ''On computable numbers'' <ref>[[Alan Turing]] ('''1936'''). ''On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem''. [http://www.seas.harvard.edu/courses/cs121/handouts/Turing.pdf pdf]</ref> <ref>[http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/machine.html Alan Turing Scrapbook - Turing Machines] - Normal Numbers and the typescript of On Computable Numbers</ref>.
<span id="Turochamp"></span>
=Turochamp=
In 1948 Turing and Champernowne devised a chess playing program which they called [[Turochamp]], which incorporated important methods of [[Evaluation|evaluation]] <ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm#DAVID%20CHAMPERNOWNE David Champernowne (1912-2000)], [[ICGA Journal#23_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4]]</ref>. Champernowne later gave this description of Turochamp <ref>Chapter 16, Introduction on 'Chess', in [[Alan Turing]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Copeland Jack Copeland] (editor) ('''2004'''). ''The Essential Turing, Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life plus The Secrets of Enigma''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press], [http://www.amazon.com/Essential-Turing-Philosophy-Artificial-Intelligence/dp/0198250800/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1324659595&sr=1-1 amazon], [http://books.google.com/books?id=RSkxnKlv1D4C&lpg=PP882&ots=VOWmiIm_lD&dq=Turochamp%2C%20chess&pg=PP881#v=onepage&q&f=true google books]</ref>:
Most of our attention went to deciding which moves were to be followed up. My memory about this is infuriatingly weak, [[Captures]] had to be followed up at least to the point where no further captures was immediately possible. [[Check]] and forcing moves had to be followed further. We were particularly keen on the idea that whereas certain moves would be scorned as pointless and pursued no further others would be followed quite a long way down certain paths. In the actual experiment I suspect we were a bit slapdash about all this and must have made a number of slips since the arithmetic was extremely tedious with pencil and paper. Our general conclusion was that a computer should be fairly easy to programme to play a game of chess against a beginner and stand a fair chance of winning or least reaching a winning position.
Turing started to code the Turochamp for [[Ferranti Mark 1]] computer at [[University of Manchester|Manchester University]] but he never competed the task.
=Round-the-house Chess=
Quote from ''First Law'' <ref>[http://www.math.cornell.edu/~numb3rs/spulido/Numb3rs_season5/Numb3rs_517.html Numb3rs 517: First Law]</ref>:
Turing played an important role in the development of computers in Britain. Together with his friend David Champernowne he invented "round-the-house" chess: after you move, run around the house, if you get back before your opponent's move you are entitled to a new move.
=Selected Publications=
* [[David Champernowne]] ('''1933'''). ''The construction of decimals normal in the scale of ten''. [http://www.lms.ac.uk/content/journals Journal of the London Mathematical Society], Vol. 8, p. 254-260
* [[David Champernowne]] ('''1969'''). ''Uncertainty and estimation in economics''. [http://isbndb.com/d/publisher/holden_day.html Holden Day], ISBN-13: 978-0050020067
* [[David Champernowne]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Cowell Frank Cowell] ('''1998'''). ''Economic inequality and income distribution''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press], ISBN-13: 978-0521589598 <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_inequality Economic inequality from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_distribution Income distribution from Wikipedia]</ref>
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._G._Champernowne D. G. Champernowne from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/champernowne.htm David Gawen Champernowne, 1912-2000] from [https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/home.htm The History of Economic Thought]
* [https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=128092 David Champernowne - The Mathematics Genealogy Project]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/sep/01/guardianobituaries1 Obituary: David Champernowne] by [http://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/reddaway.htm Brian Reddaway], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian The Guardian], September 01, 2000
* [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/1353993/Professor-David-Champernowne.html Professor David Champernowne], obituary by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Hashem_Pesaran M. Hashem Pesaran], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph The Telegraph], September 04, 2000
* [https://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content23-4.htm#DAVID%20CHAMPERNOWNE David Champernowne (1912-2000)], [[ICGA Journal#23_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4]]
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
