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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Fischer-Schneider'''
[[FILE:Zunftwappen-Fischer.svg|border|right|thumb|120px| Fischer]]
[[FILE:Zunftwappen-Schneider.svg|border|right|thumb|120px| Schneider <ref>Guild Emblems, [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunftzeichen Zunftzeichen - Wikipedia.de] (German)</ref> ]]
'''Fischer-Schneider''',<br/>
the first German chess program developed since 1965 by two math students at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart University of Stuttgart], [[Hans-Jochen Schneider]] and [[Kurt Fischer]]. Initially written in a [[Assembly|assembly language]] dubbed TEXAS (Telefunken Externcode Assembler) for a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefunken Telefunken] [[TR-4]] mainframe computer, it was later ported to run on a [[IBM 360|IBM System 360]]. Fischer-Schneider participated at the [[First GI Computer Chess Tournament]] 1975 with a 50% score <ref>[http://www.computerwoche.de/a/computer-logik-im-koeniglichen-spiel,1205123 Erstes Computer-Schachturnier der Gesellschaft für Informatik] October 17, 1975, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1975 (German)</ref> , and in 1973 gained some publicity when it played and lost to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Keres Paul Keres] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Spassky Boris Spassky] during their visit at the [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMD-Forschungszentrum_Informationstechnik GMD-Forschungszentrum], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss_Birlinghoven Schloss Birlinghoven] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Augustin Sankt Augustin] <ref>Dame verschmäht, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 24/1973, June 1973, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1973,%20Der%20Spiegel,%20Spasski%20spielt%20gegen%20einen%20Computer.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German)</ref> .
=Description=
Fischer-Schneider was a for that time typical [[Type B Strategy|Shannon Type B program]] using "plausible" move generation. The move selection was applied through recursive eliminiation of moves compromising material safety. The [[Evaluation|evaluation]] was quite sophisticated, considering [[Material|material]], attacked and defended pieces for a [[SOMA#Swapoff|swap-off algorithm]], [[Mobility|mobility]], [[Square Control|square control]] and [[King Safety#KingTropism|king-piece tropism]]. Special feature was the ability of the program to recognize draws by [[Repetitions|repetition]], already maintaining and traversing a list of positions until the last [[Irreversible Moves|irreversible move]] <ref>[[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1983'''). ''Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Delft University of Technology]]. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch) 2.2.15. Het Fischer-Schneider-programma</ref> .
=Selected Games=
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Spassky Boris Spassky] - Fischer-Schneider, [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMD-Forschungszentrum_Informationstechnik GMD-Forschungszentrum], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss_Birlinghoven Schloss Birlinghoven] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Augustin Sankt Augustin] <ref>Dame verschmäht, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 24/1973, June 1973, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1973,%20Der%20Spiegel,%20Spasski%20spielt%20gegen%20einen%20Computer.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German)</ref>.
<pre>
[Event "GMD Demo Match"]
[Site "Sankt Augustin"]
[Date "1973.06.05"]
[Round "1"]
[White " Boris Spassky"]
[Black "Fischer-Schneider"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qd8 4.d4 Bf5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.d5 Nb4 7.Nd4 e6 8.Bb5+ Ke7
9.a3 Nxd5 10.Nxf5+ Kf6 11.Ne4+ Kxf5 12.Qf3+ Ke5 13.b4 Ngf6 14.Bb2+ Nc3 15.Qxc3+
Qd4 16.Qxd4+ Kf4 17.Qe5+ Kg4 18.Qg5# 1-0
</pre>
=Publications=
* [[Kurt Fischer]], [[Hans-Jochen Schneider]] ('''1968'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-7091-8202-4_6 Die Schachspielende Maschine]''. in [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rul_Gunzenh%C3%A4user Rul Gunzenhäuser] ('''1968'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-7091-8202-4/page/1 Nicht-numerische Informationsverarbeitung]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Publishing Springer] (German)
* [[Kurt Fischer]] ('''1969'''). ''Wie ein Computer Schach spielt''. in ''Technische Mitteilungen'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEG AEG-Telefunken] (German)
* [[Mathematician#Zumkeller|Reinhard Zumkeller]] ('''1975'''). ''Erstes GI Computer-Schach-Turnier, Dortmund 1975''. Bulletin, including a paper by [[Konrad Zuse]] <ref>[[Konrad Zuse]] ('''1975'''). ''Vom Traum zür Wirklichkeit''. Mitteilungen der [[University of Dortmund|Universität Dortmund]], Sondernummer 12, pp. 4.</ref>
* [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1983'''). ''Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Delft University of Technology]]. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch) 2.2.15. Het Fischer-Schneider-programma
=External Links=
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1978/8/1195039/ So lernte der Computer Schachspielen], February 17, 1978, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 8/1978 (German)
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/a/computer-logik-im-koeniglichen-spiel,1205123 Erstes Computer-Schachturnier der Gesellschaft für Informatik] October 17, 1975, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1975 (German)
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:Zunftwappen-Fischer.svg|border|right|thumb|120px| Fischer]]
[[FILE:Zunftwappen-Schneider.svg|border|right|thumb|120px| Schneider <ref>Guild Emblems, [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunftzeichen Zunftzeichen - Wikipedia.de] (German)</ref> ]]
'''Fischer-Schneider''',<br/>
the first German chess program developed since 1965 by two math students at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart University of Stuttgart], [[Hans-Jochen Schneider]] and [[Kurt Fischer]]. Initially written in a [[Assembly|assembly language]] dubbed TEXAS (Telefunken Externcode Assembler) for a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefunken Telefunken] [[TR-4]] mainframe computer, it was later ported to run on a [[IBM 360|IBM System 360]]. Fischer-Schneider participated at the [[First GI Computer Chess Tournament]] 1975 with a 50% score <ref>[http://www.computerwoche.de/a/computer-logik-im-koeniglichen-spiel,1205123 Erstes Computer-Schachturnier der Gesellschaft für Informatik] October 17, 1975, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1975 (German)</ref> , and in 1973 gained some publicity when it played and lost to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Keres Paul Keres] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Spassky Boris Spassky] during their visit at the [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMD-Forschungszentrum_Informationstechnik GMD-Forschungszentrum], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss_Birlinghoven Schloss Birlinghoven] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Augustin Sankt Augustin] <ref>Dame verschmäht, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 24/1973, June 1973, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1973,%20Der%20Spiegel,%20Spasski%20spielt%20gegen%20einen%20Computer.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German)</ref> .
=Description=
Fischer-Schneider was a for that time typical [[Type B Strategy|Shannon Type B program]] using "plausible" move generation. The move selection was applied through recursive eliminiation of moves compromising material safety. The [[Evaluation|evaluation]] was quite sophisticated, considering [[Material|material]], attacked and defended pieces for a [[SOMA#Swapoff|swap-off algorithm]], [[Mobility|mobility]], [[Square Control|square control]] and [[King Safety#KingTropism|king-piece tropism]]. Special feature was the ability of the program to recognize draws by [[Repetitions|repetition]], already maintaining and traversing a list of positions until the last [[Irreversible Moves|irreversible move]] <ref>[[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1983'''). ''Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Delft University of Technology]]. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch) 2.2.15. Het Fischer-Schneider-programma</ref> .
=Selected Games=
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Spassky Boris Spassky] - Fischer-Schneider, [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMD-Forschungszentrum_Informationstechnik GMD-Forschungszentrum], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss_Birlinghoven Schloss Birlinghoven] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Augustin Sankt Augustin] <ref>Dame verschmäht, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 24/1973, June 1973, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1973,%20Der%20Spiegel,%20Spasski%20spielt%20gegen%20einen%20Computer.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German)</ref>.
<pre>
[Event "GMD Demo Match"]
[Site "Sankt Augustin"]
[Date "1973.06.05"]
[Round "1"]
[White " Boris Spassky"]
[Black "Fischer-Schneider"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qd8 4.d4 Bf5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.d5 Nb4 7.Nd4 e6 8.Bb5+ Ke7
9.a3 Nxd5 10.Nxf5+ Kf6 11.Ne4+ Kxf5 12.Qf3+ Ke5 13.b4 Ngf6 14.Bb2+ Nc3 15.Qxc3+
Qd4 16.Qxd4+ Kf4 17.Qe5+ Kg4 18.Qg5# 1-0
</pre>
=Publications=
* [[Kurt Fischer]], [[Hans-Jochen Schneider]] ('''1968'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-7091-8202-4_6 Die Schachspielende Maschine]''. in [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rul_Gunzenh%C3%A4user Rul Gunzenhäuser] ('''1968'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-7091-8202-4/page/1 Nicht-numerische Informationsverarbeitung]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Publishing Springer] (German)
* [[Kurt Fischer]] ('''1969'''). ''Wie ein Computer Schach spielt''. in ''Technische Mitteilungen'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEG AEG-Telefunken] (German)
* [[Mathematician#Zumkeller|Reinhard Zumkeller]] ('''1975'''). ''Erstes GI Computer-Schach-Turnier, Dortmund 1975''. Bulletin, including a paper by [[Konrad Zuse]] <ref>[[Konrad Zuse]] ('''1975'''). ''Vom Traum zür Wirklichkeit''. Mitteilungen der [[University of Dortmund|Universität Dortmund]], Sondernummer 12, pp. 4.</ref>
* [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1983'''). ''Computerschaak, Schaakwereld en Kunstmatige Intelligentie''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Delft University of Technology]]. Academic Service, The Hague. ISBN 90 62 33 093 2 (Dutch) 2.2.15. Het Fischer-Schneider-programma
=External Links=
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/heftarchiv/1978/8/1195039/ So lernte der Computer Schachspielen], February 17, 1978, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 8/1978 (German)
* [http://www.computerwoche.de/a/computer-logik-im-koeniglichen-spiel,1205123 Erstes Computer-Schachturnier der Gesellschaft für Informatik] October 17, 1975, [[Computerworld#Woche|Computerwoche]] 42/1975 (German)
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
