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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Tournaments and Matches|Tournaments]] * [[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship]] * ACM 1970'''
'''[[ACM 1971|Next >]]'''
[[FILE:USA-NYC-Hilton Hotel.jpg|border|right|thumb| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown New York Hilton] <ref>New York Hilton, Photo by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Ingfbruno Ingfbruno], September 15, 2013 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown New York Hilton from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
The '''First United States Computer Chess Championship''' was held from August 31 to September 02, [[Timeline#1970|1970]] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown New York Hilton], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City New York City], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York New York], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States]. The [[ACM|Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)]] hosted the first major chess tournament for computers in 1970. The event was organized by [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]], who was at that time affiliated with [[Columbia University]], New York City.
=Final Standing=
<ref>[http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/83-acm-1970 ACM 1970] [[CSVN]] site</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Program
! 1
! 2
! 3
! P
! SOS
|-
! 1
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 5b1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
! 2
| [[Daly CP]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b1
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 2½
|-
! 3
| [[Coko|Coko III]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 2w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 6½
|-
! 4
| [[J. Biit]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 5
| [[Schach (US)|Schach]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 6w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
|-
! 6
| [[Awit|Wita]] <ref>[[Awit|Wita]] was mentioned as Marsland CP</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 2w0
! 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|}
* SOS: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_system Sum of Opponent Scores]
=Participants=
<ref>[http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-0%20and%203-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%205-2.1970_ACM_70/1970_ACM.062303010.pdf Special Events for Association for Computing Machinery, 25th National Conference] (pdf), hosted by [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program
! Team
! Hardware
! Language
|-
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]]
| [[Ben Mittman]], [[Keith Gorlen]],<br/>[[Larry Atkin]], [[David Slate]]
| [[CDC 6600|CDC 6400]]
| [[Fortran|Fortran IV]], [[Assembly|COMPASS]]
|-
| [[Coko|Coko III]]
| [[Dennis Cooper]], [[Ed Kozdrowicki]]
| [[IBM 360|IBM 360/65]]
| [[Fortran|Fortran IV]]
|-
| [[Daly CP]]
| [[Kenneth L. King]], [[Chris Daly]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varian_Data_Machines Varian 620/i]
| [[Kenneth L. King#IDIIOM|IDIIOM]] [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[J. Biit]]
| [[Hans Berliner]]
| [[IBM 360|IBM 360/91]]
| [[PL 1|PL/I]]
|-
| [[Schach (US)|Schach]]
| [[Dan D. Drew]],<br/>[[Rolf C. Smith]], [[Franklin D. Ceruti]]
| [[IBM 360|IBM 360/65]]
| [[Fortran|Fortran IV]]
|-
| [[Awit|Wita]]
| [[Tony Marsland]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_large_systems Burroughs 5500]
| [[Algol]]
|}
=Photos & Games=
==First Round==
[[FILE:ACM1970.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|680px]]
[[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]] - [[Coko|Coko III]] after 8. Qxd2, from left: [[Jacques Dutka]] (Tournament Director), unknown,<br/>[[Keith Gorlen]] operating Chess 3.0, [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]], [[Steven M. Bellovin]] with phone, unknown back of head <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times New York Times], September 02, 1970, Thanks to [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] for recognizing people</ref>
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1970"]
[Site "New York USA"]
[Date "1970.08.31"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Chess 3.0"]
[Black "Coko III"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 Bc5 4.e3 d6 5.d4 Bb4 6.Bd2 Nf6 7.Nd5 Bxd2+
8.Qxd2 O-O 9.Nxf6+ Qxf6 10.dxe5 dxe5 11.Bd3 Bg4 12.Be4 Rad8 13.Qc2 h5
14.O-O Bxf3 15.Bxf3 h4 16.Rad1 Nb4 17.Qe4 Nxa2 18.Qxb7 Rxd1 19.Rxd1 Qb6
20.Ra1 Qxb7 21.Bxb7 Rb8 22.Rxa2 Rxb7 23.f3 Rb4 24.c5 c6 25.g3 hxg3
26.hxg3 Rc4 27.Rxa7 Rc1+ 28.Kf2 Rc2+ 29.Ke1 Rxb2 30.Rc7 Rg2 31.g4 e4
32.fxe4 Rxg4 33.Rxc6 Rxe4 34.Kf2 Kh8 35.Rc8+ Kh7 36.c6 g5 37.Kf3 f5
38.Kf2 f4 39.c7 fxe3+ 40.Ke2 Re7 41.Rh8+ Kxh8 42.c8=Q+ Re8 43.Qxe8+ Kg7
44.Qe6 1-0
</pre>
==First Prize==
[[FILE:Newborn_Matsa_Slate_Atkin_Mittman.ACM_1970-2.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|680px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbda1178]]
[[David Slate]] accepts first prize from [[ACM]] president [http://digitalartmuseum.org/history/index.htm Sam Matsa] for winning the 1st North American Computer Chess<br/>Championship 1970 with his and [[Larry Atkin|Larry Atkin's]] [[Chess (Program)|Chess]] program. [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] (far left), [[Ben Mittman]] (far right) <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbda1178 Slate and Atkin win 1st World Computer Chess Championship in New York City, New York] 1970, Photo with courtesy of [[Monroe Newborn]], from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> .
=Quotes=
==How it Began==
[[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland's]] quote on how the ACM tournaments arose <ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/Public/Awit-Wita-ComputerChess/Awit-Wita-ReadMe/wita-history-readme.txt Wita-Awit - readme.txt]</ref> :
At about the same time I wrote to Monty Newborn, who was working at Columbia University in Manhattan and was an organizer for the upcoming ACM Fall Joint Computer Conference, suggesting that we provide some kind of a Computer Chess Exhibit. I had in mind a demonstration of computer vs. human play. Instead, Monty came up with a better idea of a computer chess tournament and we met with [[Keith Gorlen]] and [[David Slate]] ([[Northwestern University|North Western University]]) in a Howard Johnson's cafe on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway Garden State Parkway] and hammered out a proposal that Monty took to the ACM for their blessing - and history was made, since no less than 25 North American Computer Chess Championships followed.
==Brute Force==
Quote by [[James Gillogly]] from the ''[[Tech|The Technology Chess Program]]'' <ref>[[James Gillogly]] ('''1972'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0004370272900458 The Technology Chess Program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 3, pp. 145-163, reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]</ref> .
Until recently the main effort in chess programming has been to develop programs which selectively (and hopefully "intelligently") examine a small subset of the legal moves in any position. The surprising performance of the [[Daly CP|Varian minicomputer]] (programmed by [[Kenneth L. King|K. King]] and [[Chris Daly|C. Daly]]) in the First Annual Computer Chess Championship (New York 1970), although due primarily to good luck in the pairings, led to increased speculation about the possibility of playing respectable chess with an unselective "[[Brute-Force|brute force]]" program.
=Booklet=
* [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-0%20and%203-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%205-2.1970_ACM_70/1970_ACM.062303010.pdf Special Events for Association for Computing Machinery, 25th National Conference] (pdf), hosted by [[The Computer History Museum]]
=Publications=
* [[Woodrow W. Bledsoe]] ('''1970'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045152&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=93686231&CFTOKEN=33609862 First U.S. computer chess tournament]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART]] Bulletin, No. 24
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1975'''). ''Computer Chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Press Academic Press], New York, N.Y. ISBN 0-125-17250-8.
: Chapter V. The First United States Computer Chess Championship
=External Links=
* [http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/83-acm-1970 ACM 1970] [[CSVN]] site
{{ACM Include}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|Up one level]]'''
'''[[ACM 1971|Next >]]'''
[[FILE:USA-NYC-Hilton Hotel.jpg|border|right|thumb| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown New York Hilton] <ref>New York Hilton, Photo by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Ingfbruno Ingfbruno], September 15, 2013 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown New York Hilton from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
The '''First United States Computer Chess Championship''' was held from August 31 to September 02, [[Timeline#1970|1970]] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown New York Hilton], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City New York City], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York New York], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States]. The [[ACM|Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)]] hosted the first major chess tournament for computers in 1970. The event was organized by [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]], who was at that time affiliated with [[Columbia University]], New York City.
=Final Standing=
<ref>[http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/83-acm-1970 ACM 1970] [[CSVN]] site</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Program
! 1
! 2
! 3
! P
! SOS
|-
! 1
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 5b1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
! 2
| [[Daly CP]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b1
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 2½
|-
! 3
| [[Coko|Coko III]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 2w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 6½
|-
! 4
| [[J. Biit]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 6b1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 3b½
! 1½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 5
| [[Schach (US)|Schach]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 6w1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1w0
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
|-
! 6
| [[Awit|Wita]] <ref>[[Awit|Wita]] was mentioned as Marsland CP</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" | 4w0
| style="text-align:center;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:center;" | 2w0
! 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|}
* SOS: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_system Sum of Opponent Scores]
=Participants=
<ref>[http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-0%20and%203-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%205-2.1970_ACM_70/1970_ACM.062303010.pdf Special Events for Association for Computing Machinery, 25th National Conference] (pdf), hosted by [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program
! Team
! Hardware
! Language
|-
| [[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]]
| [[Ben Mittman]], [[Keith Gorlen]],<br/>[[Larry Atkin]], [[David Slate]]
| [[CDC 6600|CDC 6400]]
| [[Fortran|Fortran IV]], [[Assembly|COMPASS]]
|-
| [[Coko|Coko III]]
| [[Dennis Cooper]], [[Ed Kozdrowicki]]
| [[IBM 360|IBM 360/65]]
| [[Fortran|Fortran IV]]
|-
| [[Daly CP]]
| [[Kenneth L. King]], [[Chris Daly]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varian_Data_Machines Varian 620/i]
| [[Kenneth L. King#IDIIOM|IDIIOM]] [[Assembly]]
|-
| [[J. Biit]]
| [[Hans Berliner]]
| [[IBM 360|IBM 360/91]]
| [[PL 1|PL/I]]
|-
| [[Schach (US)|Schach]]
| [[Dan D. Drew]],<br/>[[Rolf C. Smith]], [[Franklin D. Ceruti]]
| [[IBM 360|IBM 360/65]]
| [[Fortran|Fortran IV]]
|-
| [[Awit|Wita]]
| [[Tony Marsland]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_large_systems Burroughs 5500]
| [[Algol]]
|}
=Photos & Games=
==First Round==
[[FILE:ACM1970.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|680px]]
[[Chess (Program)|Chess 3.0]] - [[Coko|Coko III]] after 8. Qxd2, from left: [[Jacques Dutka]] (Tournament Director), unknown,<br/>[[Keith Gorlen]] operating Chess 3.0, [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]], [[Steven M. Bellovin]] with phone, unknown back of head <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times New York Times], September 02, 1970, Thanks to [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] for recognizing people</ref>
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1970"]
[Site "New York USA"]
[Date "1970.08.31"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Chess 3.0"]
[Black "Coko III"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 Bc5 4.e3 d6 5.d4 Bb4 6.Bd2 Nf6 7.Nd5 Bxd2+
8.Qxd2 O-O 9.Nxf6+ Qxf6 10.dxe5 dxe5 11.Bd3 Bg4 12.Be4 Rad8 13.Qc2 h5
14.O-O Bxf3 15.Bxf3 h4 16.Rad1 Nb4 17.Qe4 Nxa2 18.Qxb7 Rxd1 19.Rxd1 Qb6
20.Ra1 Qxb7 21.Bxb7 Rb8 22.Rxa2 Rxb7 23.f3 Rb4 24.c5 c6 25.g3 hxg3
26.hxg3 Rc4 27.Rxa7 Rc1+ 28.Kf2 Rc2+ 29.Ke1 Rxb2 30.Rc7 Rg2 31.g4 e4
32.fxe4 Rxg4 33.Rxc6 Rxe4 34.Kf2 Kh8 35.Rc8+ Kh7 36.c6 g5 37.Kf3 f5
38.Kf2 f4 39.c7 fxe3+ 40.Ke2 Re7 41.Rh8+ Kxh8 42.c8=Q+ Re8 43.Qxe8+ Kg7
44.Qe6 1-0
</pre>
==First Prize==
[[FILE:Newborn_Matsa_Slate_Atkin_Mittman.ACM_1970-2.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|680px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbda1178]]
[[David Slate]] accepts first prize from [[ACM]] president [http://digitalartmuseum.org/history/index.htm Sam Matsa] for winning the 1st North American Computer Chess<br/>Championship 1970 with his and [[Larry Atkin|Larry Atkin's]] [[Chess (Program)|Chess]] program. [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]] (far left), [[Ben Mittman]] (far right) <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbda1178 Slate and Atkin win 1st World Computer Chess Championship in New York City, New York] 1970, Photo with courtesy of [[Monroe Newborn]], from [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref> .
=Quotes=
==How it Began==
[[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland's]] quote on how the ACM tournaments arose <ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/Public/Awit-Wita-ComputerChess/Awit-Wita-ReadMe/wita-history-readme.txt Wita-Awit - readme.txt]</ref> :
At about the same time I wrote to Monty Newborn, who was working at Columbia University in Manhattan and was an organizer for the upcoming ACM Fall Joint Computer Conference, suggesting that we provide some kind of a Computer Chess Exhibit. I had in mind a demonstration of computer vs. human play. Instead, Monty came up with a better idea of a computer chess tournament and we met with [[Keith Gorlen]] and [[David Slate]] ([[Northwestern University|North Western University]]) in a Howard Johnson's cafe on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway Garden State Parkway] and hammered out a proposal that Monty took to the ACM for their blessing - and history was made, since no less than 25 North American Computer Chess Championships followed.
==Brute Force==
Quote by [[James Gillogly]] from the ''[[Tech|The Technology Chess Program]]'' <ref>[[James Gillogly]] ('''1972'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0004370272900458 The Technology Chess Program]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 3, pp. 145-163, reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]</ref> .
Until recently the main effort in chess programming has been to develop programs which selectively (and hopefully "intelligently") examine a small subset of the legal moves in any position. The surprising performance of the [[Daly CP|Varian minicomputer]] (programmed by [[Kenneth L. King|K. King]] and [[Chris Daly|C. Daly]]) in the First Annual Computer Chess Championship (New York 1970), although due primarily to good luck in the pairings, led to increased speculation about the possibility of playing respectable chess with an unselective "[[Brute-Force|brute force]]" program.
=Booklet=
* [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-0%20and%203-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%205-2.1970_ACM_70/1970_ACM.062303010.pdf Special Events for Association for Computing Machinery, 25th National Conference] (pdf), hosted by [[The Computer History Museum]]
=Publications=
* [[Woodrow W. Bledsoe]] ('''1970'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045152&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=93686231&CFTOKEN=33609862 First U.S. computer chess tournament]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART]] Bulletin, No. 24
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1975'''). ''Computer Chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Press Academic Press], New York, N.Y. ISBN 0-125-17250-8.
: Chapter V. The First United States Computer Chess Championship
=External Links=
* [http://www.csvn.nl/index.php/historie/computer-computer/83-acm-1970 ACM 1970] [[CSVN]] site
{{ACM Include}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[ACM North American Computer Chess Championship|Up one level]]'''
