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Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Paradise''' FILE:Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003.jpg|border|right|thumb|280px|Paradise by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Young..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Paradise'''
[[FILE:Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003.jpg|border|right|thumb|280px|Paradise by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Younger Jan Brueghel the Younger] <ref>Paradise by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Younger Jan Brueghel the Younger] (c. 1620). Oil on oak. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie,_Berlin Gemäldegalerie, Berlin], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise Paradise from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Paradise''', ('''Pa'''ttern '''r'''ecognition '''a'''pplied to '''di'''recting '''se'''arch)<br/>
a [[Knowledge|knowledge]] based chess program written at [[Stanford University]] in the late 70s by [[David Wilkins]]. Paradise was written in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclisp MacLisp], a dialect of the [[Lisp]] programming language developed at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] within [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory#Project_MAC Project MAC]. Paradise' goal was to find the [[Best Move|best move]] in [[Tactics|tactically]] sharp [[Middlegame|middlegame]] [[Chess Position|positions]] from the [[Chess Game|game]] of chess masters.
=Pattern and Plans=
Like human players, the program had a large number of stored "patterns", and analyzing a position involved matching these patterns to suggest [[Planning|plans]] for attack or defense. By communicating plans down the [[Search Tree|tree]], the analysis was verified and possibly corrected by a small [[Search|search]] of the game tree (tens of positions) inluding specialized causality facility and [[Quiescence Search|quiescence search]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=348861 Comparison: Paradise and Symbolic] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], February 13, 2004</ref>. There were production rules to produce plans, implementing such concepts as [[Checkmate|checkmate]], [[Double Attack|fork]], [[Skewer|skewer]], and [[Trapped Pieces|trapping]] the piece, etc..
A plan generator produced tactical plans in a Plan Language. The program is capable of finding very deep [[Combination|combinations because]] no limit is placed on its [[Depth|search depth]]. It searches for moves as long as a plan is continuing to work <ref> [[Tristan Caulfield]] ('''2004'''). ''Acquiring and Using Knowledge in Computer Chess''. B.Sc. Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bath University of Bath], [http://opus.bath.ac.uk/16854/1/CSBU pdf], 4.2.2 PARADISE, pp. 12</ref>.
=Win at Chess=
While Paradise was able to solve most of 92 positions picked from the first 100 from [[Win at Chess]], with averaged three minutes thirty-three seconds for each solved position on a [[PDP-10]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=312389 Re: Paradise performance] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], August 22, 2003</ref>, it was not able to play a complete reasonable game of chess due not further implemented knowledge employable in [[Strategy|strategic]], none-tactical positions, especially during the [[Endgame|endgame]]. Controlling the search by [[Pattern Recognition|recognizers]], i.e. the amount to [[Extensions|extend]] or to [[Reductions|reduce]] if a move is accordant to a plan or not is still hot topic.
=See also=
* [[CAPS]]
* [[Eden]]
* [[Knowledge]]
* [[Various Classifications#Mythology|Mythology]]
* [[Pattern Recognition]]
* [[Planner]]
* [[Planning]]
* [[Symbolic]]
=Publications=
<ref>[http://www.ai.sri.com/~wilkins/bib-chess.html Papers on Chess by David E. Wilkins]</ref>
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1979'''). ''Using Patterns and Plans to Solve Problems and Control Search''. Ph.D. thesis, Computer Science Dept, [[Stanford University]], AI Lab Memo AIM-329
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1980'''). ''Using patterns and plans in chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 14, reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1982'''). ''Using Knowledge to Control Tree Searching''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 18
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1983'''). ''Using chess knowledge to reduce search''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]], Ch. 10, 2nd edition
* [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1987'''). ''Computer Chess Methods.'' Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, John Wiley & sons, [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/encyc.mac.pdf pdf draft], mentions Paradise on pp. 27
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1991'''). ''Working notes on Paradise chess patterns''. Technical Note 509, AI Center, SRI International, [http://www.ai.sri.com/pubs/files/465.pdf pdf]
* [http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussi_Tella Jussi Tella] ('''1997'''). ''[http://www.cs.hut.fi/~sto/planning-seminaari/tella/planning-in-games.htm#22 Planning in Games]''. Seminar on Knowledge Engineering, Fall 1997, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology Helsinki University of Technology]
* [[Eric B. Baum]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.whatisthought.com/ What is Thought?]'' Bradford Book, Paradise mentioned at pp. 193
* [[Tristan Caulfield]] ('''2004'''). ''Acquiring and Using Knowledge in Computer Chess''. B.Sc. Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bath University of Bath], [http://opus.bath.ac.uk/16854/1/CSBU pdf], 4.2.2 PARADISE, pp. 12
* [[Diego Rasskin-Gutman]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11847 Chess Metaphors - Artificial Intelligence and the Human Mind]''. ISBN-13: 978-0-262-18267-6, translated by [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/author/default.asp?aid=36831 Deborah Klosky], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], 5 Chess Metaphors: Searches and Heuristics, pp. 125, Paradise pp. 136
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess/LyMZ49kd9-o/S3JpgaRTeKUJ Wilkins' PARADISE etc.] by [[Nicolai Czempin]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgc]], November 11, 1989
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=51 PARADISE 2] by Trefor Deane, [[CCC]], July 04, 1998
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=312384 Paradise performance] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], August 22, 2003
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=348861 Comparison: Paradise and Symbolic] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], February 13, 2004 » [[Symbolic]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_%28disambiguation%29 Paradise (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise Paradise from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_garden Paradise garden from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden Garden of Eden from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiso Paradiso (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost Paradise Lost from Wikipedia]
* [[Videos#MarcusMiller|Marcus Miller]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_%28Marcus_Miller_album%29 Blast], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiso_%28Amsterdam%29 Paradiso], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam Amsterdam] 2007, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: [https://sites.google.com/site/pittsburghmusichistory/pittsburgh-music-story/instrumentalists/poogie-bell Poogie Bell], [http://www.presonus.com/community/artists/Bobby-Sparks Bobby Sparks], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Anderson_%28saxophonist%29 Keith Anderson], [http://www.patchesstewart.com/indexflash.html Patches Stewart], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_Maret Grégoire Maret]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgG2r-3Ad9I|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:Jan Bruegel d. Ä. 003.jpg|border|right|thumb|280px|Paradise by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Younger Jan Brueghel the Younger] <ref>Paradise by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Younger Jan Brueghel the Younger] (c. 1620). Oil on oak. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%A4ldegalerie,_Berlin Gemäldegalerie, Berlin], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise Paradise from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Paradise''', ('''Pa'''ttern '''r'''ecognition '''a'''pplied to '''di'''recting '''se'''arch)<br/>
a [[Knowledge|knowledge]] based chess program written at [[Stanford University]] in the late 70s by [[David Wilkins]]. Paradise was written in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclisp MacLisp], a dialect of the [[Lisp]] programming language developed at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] within [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory#Project_MAC Project MAC]. Paradise' goal was to find the [[Best Move|best move]] in [[Tactics|tactically]] sharp [[Middlegame|middlegame]] [[Chess Position|positions]] from the [[Chess Game|game]] of chess masters.
=Pattern and Plans=
Like human players, the program had a large number of stored "patterns", and analyzing a position involved matching these patterns to suggest [[Planning|plans]] for attack or defense. By communicating plans down the [[Search Tree|tree]], the analysis was verified and possibly corrected by a small [[Search|search]] of the game tree (tens of positions) inluding specialized causality facility and [[Quiescence Search|quiescence search]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=348861 Comparison: Paradise and Symbolic] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], February 13, 2004</ref>. There were production rules to produce plans, implementing such concepts as [[Checkmate|checkmate]], [[Double Attack|fork]], [[Skewer|skewer]], and [[Trapped Pieces|trapping]] the piece, etc..
A plan generator produced tactical plans in a Plan Language. The program is capable of finding very deep [[Combination|combinations because]] no limit is placed on its [[Depth|search depth]]. It searches for moves as long as a plan is continuing to work <ref> [[Tristan Caulfield]] ('''2004'''). ''Acquiring and Using Knowledge in Computer Chess''. B.Sc. Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bath University of Bath], [http://opus.bath.ac.uk/16854/1/CSBU pdf], 4.2.2 PARADISE, pp. 12</ref>.
=Win at Chess=
While Paradise was able to solve most of 92 positions picked from the first 100 from [[Win at Chess]], with averaged three minutes thirty-three seconds for each solved position on a [[PDP-10]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=312389 Re: Paradise performance] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], August 22, 2003</ref>, it was not able to play a complete reasonable game of chess due not further implemented knowledge employable in [[Strategy|strategic]], none-tactical positions, especially during the [[Endgame|endgame]]. Controlling the search by [[Pattern Recognition|recognizers]], i.e. the amount to [[Extensions|extend]] or to [[Reductions|reduce]] if a move is accordant to a plan or not is still hot topic.
=See also=
* [[CAPS]]
* [[Eden]]
* [[Knowledge]]
* [[Various Classifications#Mythology|Mythology]]
* [[Pattern Recognition]]
* [[Planner]]
* [[Planning]]
* [[Symbolic]]
=Publications=
<ref>[http://www.ai.sri.com/~wilkins/bib-chess.html Papers on Chess by David E. Wilkins]</ref>
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1979'''). ''Using Patterns and Plans to Solve Problems and Control Search''. Ph.D. thesis, Computer Science Dept, [[Stanford University]], AI Lab Memo AIM-329
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1980'''). ''Using patterns and plans in chess''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 14, reprinted ('''1988''') in [[Computer Chess Compendium]]
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1982'''). ''Using Knowledge to Control Tree Searching''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 18
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1983'''). ''Using chess knowledge to reduce search''. [[Chess Skill in Man and Machine]], Ch. 10, 2nd edition
* [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1987'''). ''Computer Chess Methods.'' Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, John Wiley & sons, [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/encyc.mac.pdf pdf draft], mentions Paradise on pp. 27
* [[David Wilkins]] ('''1991'''). ''Working notes on Paradise chess patterns''. Technical Note 509, AI Center, SRI International, [http://www.ai.sri.com/pubs/files/465.pdf pdf]
* [http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussi_Tella Jussi Tella] ('''1997'''). ''[http://www.cs.hut.fi/~sto/planning-seminaari/tella/planning-in-games.htm#22 Planning in Games]''. Seminar on Knowledge Engineering, Fall 1997, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology Helsinki University of Technology]
* [[Eric B. Baum]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://www.whatisthought.com/ What is Thought?]'' Bradford Book, Paradise mentioned at pp. 193
* [[Tristan Caulfield]] ('''2004'''). ''Acquiring and Using Knowledge in Computer Chess''. B.Sc. Computer Science, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bath University of Bath], [http://opus.bath.ac.uk/16854/1/CSBU pdf], 4.2.2 PARADISE, pp. 12
* [[Diego Rasskin-Gutman]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11847 Chess Metaphors - Artificial Intelligence and the Human Mind]''. ISBN-13: 978-0-262-18267-6, translated by [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/author/default.asp?aid=36831 Deborah Klosky], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Press MIT Press], 5 Chess Metaphors: Searches and Heuristics, pp. 125, Paradise pp. 136
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess/LyMZ49kd9-o/S3JpgaRTeKUJ Wilkins' PARADISE etc.] by [[Nicolai Czempin]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgc]], November 11, 1989
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=51 PARADISE 2] by Trefor Deane, [[CCC]], July 04, 1998
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=312384 Paradise performance] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], August 22, 2003
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=348861 Comparison: Paradise and Symbolic] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], February 13, 2004 » [[Symbolic]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_%28disambiguation%29 Paradise (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise Paradise from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_garden Paradise garden from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_of_Eden Garden of Eden from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiso Paradiso (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost Paradise Lost from Wikipedia]
* [[Videos#MarcusMiller|Marcus Miller]] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_%28Marcus_Miller_album%29 Blast], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiso_%28Amsterdam%29 Paradiso], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam Amsterdam] 2007, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: [https://sites.google.com/site/pittsburghmusichistory/pittsburgh-music-story/instrumentalists/poogie-bell Poogie Bell], [http://www.presonus.com/community/artists/Bobby-Sparks Bobby Sparks], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Anderson_%28saxophonist%29 Keith Anderson], [http://www.patchesstewart.com/indexflash.html Patches Stewart], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_Maret Grégoire Maret]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgG2r-3Ad9I|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
