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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Tournaments and Matches|Tournaments]] * [[World Computer Chess Championship]] * 6th WCCC Edmonton 1989'''
'''[[WCCC 1986|< Prev]] [[WCCC 1992|Next >]]'''
[[FILE:Shaw3997.JPG|border|right|thumb|Former Edmonton Convention Centre <ref>Main Entrance of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaw_Conference_Centre Shaw Conference Centre] (since 1997), formerly the Edmonton Convention Centre, Photo taken [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Edmonton Downtown Edmonton], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta Alberta], August 14, 2006, Myke Waddy</ref> ]]
The '''Sixth World Computer Chess Championship''' took place from May 28 to 31, [[Timeline#1989|1989]], in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaw_Conference_Centre Edmonton Convention Centre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton Edmonton], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta Alberta], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada Canada]. It was held in conjunction with ''Congress '89'' <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/title/prospect-for-the-90s-cips-congress-89-proceedings-edmonton-alberta-may-29-june-2-1989/oclc/21039544 Prospect for the 90's : CIPS Congress '89 : proceedings : Edmonton, Alberta, May 29-June 2, 1989]</ref> of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Information_Processing_Society Canadian Information Processing Society] (CIPS), and was sponsored by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Government_Telephones Alberta Government Telephones] (AGT) <ref>[[Garth Courtois Jr.]] ('''1989'''). ''The Sixth World Computer-Chess Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref>.
[[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland's]] hard work in obtaining funds and recruiting attendees was apparent in the impressive chess expertise available to comment on the event - he further organized the [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|New Directions in Game-Tree Search]] two-day workshop during the tournament. 24 teams from 9 nations participated. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Chess_Championship Canadian Chess Champion] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Spraggett Kevin Spraggett] was present commentating on the games along with [[David Levy]], [[Michael Valvo|Mike Valvo]], [[Danny Kopec]], [[Julio Kaplan]] and [[David Slate]]. A large crowd of about 300 were on site during most of the games <ref>[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/3d30a29100dc3fd2/afdb2d7f712f1be2 World Computer Chess Championship (the human side)] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], June 04, 1989</ref> . [[Deep Thought]] won with a perfect score, winning all five games - runner up was [[BeBe]].
=Final Standing=
6th World Computer Chess Championship 1989, Edmonton CA <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/tournament.php?id=14 6th World Computer Chess Championship] [[ICGA]] tournament site</ref> <ref>[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/89wc$tix.htm World Computer Chess Championship - 6th WCCC - 1989 Edmonton] by [[Mark Weeks]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Program
! CC
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R4
! R5
! Total
! SOS
! SoDOS
|-
! 1
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Deep Thought]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 22b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 16w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 6b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4b1
! 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
|-
! 2
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bebe]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 19b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 18b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 16w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 8w1
! 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
|-
! 3
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Cray Blitz]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 15w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 1b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 9w1
! 3½
| style="text-align:center;" | 17½
| style="text-align:center;" | 10¾
|-
! 4
| style="text-align:left;" | [[HiTech]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 9b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 6w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1w0
! 3½
| style="text-align:center;" | 16½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9¾
|-
! 5
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mephisto|Mephisto X]]
! GB
| style="text-align:right;" | 18b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 17w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 7w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 11b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 12w1
! 3½
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" | 8¾
|-
! 6
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 21w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 8b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 4b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 11w1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" | 7½
|-
! 7
| style="text-align:left;" | [[AI Chess]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 23w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 12b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 16w1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 8
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Merlin]]
! AT
| style="text-align:right;" | 24b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 6w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 20b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2b0
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 9
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Much]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 4w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 15w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 21b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3b0
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| style="text-align:center;" | 5¾
|-
! 10
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Phoenix|Sun Phoenix]]
! CA
| style="text-align:right;" | 12w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 7b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 11w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 8b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13w½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 13½
| style="text-align:center;" | 6½
|-
! 11
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Novag X]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 17b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 18w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 6b0
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
|-
! 12
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Zarkov]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 10b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 7w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5b0
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
|-
! 13
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Y!|Y!89]]
! SE
| style="text-align:right;" | 14b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 9w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 17b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 18w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10b½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 14
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Quest|Quest X]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 13w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 12w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 19w½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 15
| style="text-align:left;" | [[BP]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 3b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 19w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 9b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 20w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 22b1
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
! 16
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rebel|Rebel X]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 20w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 21w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 7b0
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
! 17
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Kallisto]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 11w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 19b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 20b½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 18
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Waycool]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 5w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 11b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 2w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24w1
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 3½
|-
! 19
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Pandix]]
! HU
| style="text-align:right;" | 2w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 15b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 22b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 17w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 14b½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" | 3¼
|-
! 20
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rex]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 16b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 22w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 8w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 15b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 17w½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 10½
| style="text-align:center;" | 3¼
|-
! 21
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Dappet]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 6b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 16b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 9w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23w1
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 8½
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
|-
! 22
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Moby]]
! GB
| style="text-align:right;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 20b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 19w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 15w0
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
! 23
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Shess]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 7b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 12b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 21b0
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
! 24
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Centaur]]
! SU
| style="text-align:right;" | 8w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 21b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 22w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 18b0
! 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|}
* SOS: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_system Sum of Opponent Scores]
* SoDOS: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neustadtl_score Sum of Defeated Opponent Scores]
=Participants=
6th World Computer Chess Championship 1989, Edmonton CA <ref>[[Garth Courtois Jr.]] ('''1989'''). ''The Sixth World Computer-Chess Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program
! CC
! Team
! Hardware
! Language
! Nodes/s
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[AI Chess]]
! US
| [[Marty Hirsch]]
| [http://www.dynalogindia.com/products/education-solutions/8086-microprocessor-263/dyna-86l.html Dyna] [[8086]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,500
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bebe]]
! US
| [[Tony Scherzer|Tony]] & [[Linda Scherzer]]
| Sys-10 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_slicing bit slice]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 45,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[BP]]
! US
| [[Robert Cullum]]
| [[IBM PC|Unisys PW800 PC]] [[x86|386]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 600
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Centaur]]
! SU
| [[Victor Vikhrev]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 IBM PS2/80] [[x86|486]]
| [[Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Cray Blitz]]
! US
| [[Robert Hyatt]], [[Albert Gower]], [[Harry Nelson]]
| [[Cray X-MP#YMP|Cray Y-MP/8]]
| [[Fortran]], [[Assembly#CAL|CAL]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 100,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Dappet]]
! NL
| [[Dap Hartmann]], [[Peter Kouwenhoven]]
| [[IBM PC|Toshiba PC]]
| [[Pascal#TurboPascal|Turbo Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 200 - 800
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Deep Thought]]
! US
| [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Thomas Anantharaman]],<br/>[[Mike Browne]], [[Murray Campbell]],<br/>[[Peter Jansen]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]]
| [[VLSI Design|VLSI-Sys]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,000,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]]
! US
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] & [[Kathe Spracklen]], [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[68030]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 10,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[HiTech]]
! US
| [[Hans Berliner]], [[Carl Ebeling]], [[Murray Campbell]],<br/>[[Gordon Goetsch]], [[Andy Gruss]], [[Andrew James Palay|Andrew Palay]],<br/>[[Larry Slomer]]
| [[VLSI Design|VLSI-Sys]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 100,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Kallisto]]
! NL
| [[Bart Weststrate]]
| [[Apple II]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,000 - 6,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mephisto|Mephisto X]]
! GB
| [[Richard Lang]]
| [[68020]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Merlin]]
! AT
| [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]],<br/>[[Marcus Wagner]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 3090]]
| [[Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Moby]]
! GB
| [[Mark Taylor]], [[Greg Wilson]], [[David Levy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiko_Scientific#Computing_Surface Meiko Computing Surface]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam_%28programming_language%29 Occam]
| style="text-align:right;" | 250
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Much]]
! NL
| [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Roger Hünen]],<br/>[[Harry Nefkens]], [[Tom Pronk]]
| [[Sun#4|Sun-4]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Novag X]]
! US
| [[David Kittinger]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,800
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Pandix]]
! HU
| [[Gyula Horváth|Gyula]] & [[Zsuzsa Horváth]]
| [[IBM PC|Sanyo PC]] [[x86|386]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 300
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Quest|Quest X]]
! NL
| [[Frans Morsch]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 8,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rebel|Rebel X]]
! NL
| [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], [[Jan Louwman]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rex]]
! US
| [[Don Dailey]], [[Larry Kaufman]]
| [[IBM PC|Unisys PW800 PC]] [[x86|386]]
| [[Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Shess]]
! NL
| [[Ard van Bergen]]
| [[VAX|Vax 8600]]
| [[Fortran]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 400
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Phoenix|Sun Phoenix]]
! CA
| [[Jonathan Schaeffer]]
| 20 x [[Sun#4|Sun-4]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 10,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Waycool]]
! US
| [[Ed Felten]], [[Steve Otto]], [[Rod Morison]]
| [[nCUBE|nCUBE10]] 512 x [[Intel]] [[8086|80286]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Y!|Y!89]]
! SE
| [[Ulf Rathsman]], [[Lars Hjörth]], [[Sandro Necchi]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 5,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Zarkov]]
! US
| [[John Stanback]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_9000 HP 9000/835]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,500
|}
=Photos=
[[FILE:5-2_and_3-1.Hsu.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645331.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/]]
[[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] <ref>[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/ Chess temporary], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:3-1.Michie.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645374.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbe1d416]]
[[Donald Michie|Michie]] at the 6th WCCC <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbe1d416 Michie at the 6th World Computer Chess Championship in Edmonton, Alberta], Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:3-1_and_3-2.Thompson_Shannon_Slate.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645362.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdd1eb1]]
[[Ken Thompson|Thompson]], [[Claude Shannon|Shannon]], and [[David Slate|Slate]] at the 6th WCCC <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdd1eb1 Thompson, Shannon, and Slate], Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:3-1_and_3-2.Levy_Thompson.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645367.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/]]
[[David Levy]] and [[Ken Thompson]] <ref>[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/ Chess temporary], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:5-2.Hsu_and_Shannon_1989.102645330.HSU.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd35ab2]]
[[Claude Shannon]] awards [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], first prize for [[Deep Thought]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd35ab2 Claude Shannon awards Feng-Hsiung Hsu], Gift of [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=Photos & Games=
[[FILE:Hitech-DeepThought-Edmonton-1989.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px]]
The game [[HiTech]] vs [[Deep Thought]] from the 5th (and last) round <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/round.php?tournament=14&round=5&id=1 Edmonton 1989 - Chess - Round 5 - Game 1 (ICGA Tournaments)]</ref> <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Ray Keene] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thoughts from Edmonton''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref><br/>[[Hans Berliner]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] and [[Peter Jansen]] <ref>Photo by [[Pierre Nolot]]</ref>
<pre>
[Event "WCCC 1989"]
[Site "Edmonton, Canada"]
[Date "1989.05.31"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Hitech"]
[Black "Deep Thought"]
[Result "0-1"]
1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bf4 e6 4.e3 Nc6 5.Nbd2 Be7 6.h3 O-O 7.Be2 Nh5 8.Bh2 g6 9.O-O f5
10.Be5 Nxe5 11.Nxe5 Nf6 12.c4 c5 13.Ndf3 Bd6 14.a3 Qc7 15.Rc1 a5 16.Qb3 b6 17.Qa4 Bb7
18.Rc2 Kh8 19.cxd5 Bxd5 20.Rd1 Rad8 21.Bb5 Ne4 22.Nd7 Rg8 23.Nfe5 Rg7 24.Rd3 Be7 25.Rd1
h5 26.Rdc1 Bg5 27.Re1 Bh4 28.Rf1 Be7 29.Rfc1 g5 30.f3 Nf6 31.Kf1 g4 32.hxg4 hxg4 33.f4
Be4 34.Rd2 Nd5 35.Re2 Rh7 36.Ree1 Nxe3+ 37.Kg1 Nd5 38.Ng6+ Kg7 39.Nxe7 Qxf4 40.Nxf5+ exf5
41.Rxe4 Qxc1+ 42.Bf1 fxe4 43.Qb3 Rh1+ 44.Kxh1 Qxf1+ 45.Kh2 Rh8+ 46.Qh3 g3+ 47.Kxg3 Qf4#
0-1
</pre>
Game and short analyze on Lichess.org : [https://en.lichess.org/NnCgSyGX]
=Honored Guests=
* [[John McCarthy]]
* [[Donald Michie]]
=Invited Guests=
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]]
* [[Vladimir Arlazarov]]
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]]
* [[Hans Berliner]]
* [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]]
* [[Claude Shannon]]
* [[Ken Thompson]]
=Tournament Director=
* [[Michael Valvo]]
=Workshop=
The Workshop ''New Directions in Game Tree Search'' was organized by [[Tony Marsland]] <ref>[[Tony Marsland]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> and held in conjunction with the WCCC on May 29 and 30, 1989. Revised contributions of the workshop were published in [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]].
==Session 1==
The first session was disclosed by [[John McCarthy]] mentioning the often cited metaphor of computer chess as the [[Artificial Intelligence#McCarthy|Drosophila]] of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]] research, and attributed it to [[Alexander Kronrod]] <ref>[[James Gillogly]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - First Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> :
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1989'''). ''What is still needed in Game Tree Search''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Robert Levinson]] ('''1989'''). ''A Self-Learning, Pattern-Oriented Chess Program''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[James Gillogly]] ('''1989'''). ''Transposition Table Collisions''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Harry Nelson]] ('''1989'''). ''Some Observations about Hash Tables in Cray Blitz''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''1989'''). ''A Summary of some Results in Theoretical Game Tree Search and the Dreihirn-Experiment''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Anders Kierulf]], [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Jürg Nievergelt]] ('''1989'''). ''Smart Game Board and Go Explorer: A Case Study in Software and Knowledge Engineering''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Kiyoshi Shirayanagi]] ('''1989'''). ''A New Approach to Programming Go - Knowledge Representation and its Refinement in Go Programs''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Lynn Sutherland]] ('''1989'''). ''Load Balancing Search Problems on General-Purpose Multi-Computers''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Danny Kopec]], [[Ed Northam]], [[David Podber]], [[Yehya Fouda]] ('''1989'''). ''The Role of Connectivity in Chess''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]], [http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/%7Ekopec/Publications/Publications/O_24_C.pdf pdf]
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1989'''). ''A Theorem Proving Program that Looks Like a Chess Program''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1989'''). ''Perspectives on Falling from Grace''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/publications/ai_publications/grace.pdf pdf]
==Session 2==
The second day began with opening remarks by [[Claude Shannon]], who recalled that in the 40s relays rather than transistors were the state of the art. He still feft that games were an excellent test bed for understanding intelligence, and predicted that within the next 25 years computers would outplay the best humans at chess <ref>[[Murray Campbell]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - Second Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> :
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1989'''). ''Automating the Discovery of Structure in Time-Varying Data''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Bob Herschberg]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Patrick Schoo]] ('''1989'''). ''Verifying and Codifying Strategies in a Chess Endgame''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[David Levy]] ('''1989'''). ''Evaluation Functions from Chess Endgame Databases''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Marcus Wagner]], [[Helmut Horacek]] ('''1989'''). ''Comparing Various Pruning Algorithms on Very Strongly Ordered Game Trees''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Ed Felten]] ('''1989'''). ''Playing Against an Imperfect Opponent''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1989'''). ''Problematic Positions and Speculative Play.'' [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1989'''). ''The Bratko-Kopec Test Revisited''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
=Congress '89=
[[John McCarthy]] and [[Donald Michie]] were invited speakers of the ''Congress '89'' conference of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Information_Processing_Society Canadian Information Processing Society] on May 31, 1989 <ref>[[David Slate]] ('''1989'''). ''Invited Speakers: Donald Michie and John McCarthy''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> . Their presentations were also published in [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]:
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1990'''). ''Brute Force in Chess and Science''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
* [[John McCarthy]] ('''1990'''). ''Chess as the Drosophila of AI''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
=Poll=
When will a Program beat the human Chess World Champion? A poll by [[David Levy]] during the WCCC 1989 <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Levy,_David#Wann_wird_ein_Computer_den_Weltmeister_schlagen.3F Wann wird ein Computer den Weltmeister schlagen?], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)</ref> .
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1992
| [[Gyula Horváth]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]]
|-
! 1993
| [[John McCarthy]]
|-
! 1994
| [[Hans Berliner]], [[Marty Hirsch]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]]
|-
! 1995
| [[Murray Campbell]], [[Larry Kaufman]], [[David Kittinger]], [[Danny Kopec]], [[Donald Michie]], [[David Slate]], [[Michael Valvo|Mike Valvo]]
|-
! [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997|1997]]
| [[John Stanback]]
|-
! 1998
| [[Kevin O’Connell]]
|-
! 1999
| [[Ed Felten]], [[Tom Pronk]], [[Sidney Samole]], [[Claude Shannon]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]]
|-
! 2000
| [[Robert Hyatt]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Spraggett Kevin Spraggett], [[Victor Vikhrev]], [[Jaap van den Herik]]
|-
! 2001
| [[Jürg Nievergelt]], [[Mark Taylor]]
|-
! 2002
| [[Julio Kaplan]]
|-
! 2005
| [[Richard Lang]], [[Pierre Nolot]], [[Ard van Bergen]]
|-
! 2008
| [[Harry Nelson]]
|-
! 2010
| [[Don Dailey]], [[Ossi Weiner]]
|-
! 2011
| [[Lars Hjörth]]
|-
! 2013
| [[Tony Scherzer]]
|-
! 2014
| [[David Levy]]
|-
! 2020
| [[Tony Marsland]]
|-
! 2025
| [[Dap Hartmann]]
|-
! 2030
| [[Frans Morsch]]
|-
! 2040
| [[Jonathan Schaeffer]]
|-
! 2050
| [[Harm Bakker]]
|-
! 2056
| [[Helmut Horacek]]
|-
! Never
| [[David Cahlander]]
|}
=See also=
* [[ACM 1989]]
* [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
=Booklet=
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-434fea055cbb3 Kings Move - Welcome to the 1989 AGT World Computer Chess Championship.] Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Courtesy of [[Peter Jennings]], from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_WCCC/1989%20WCCC.062302028.sm.pdf pdf]
=Reports=
==Tournament==
* [[Garth Courtois Jr.]] ('''1989'''). ''The Sixth World Computer-Chess Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Ray Keene] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thoughts from Edmonton''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1990'''). ''1989 World Computer Chess Championship.'' [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]], pp. 33-46
==Workshop==
* [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[James Gillogly]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - First Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[Murray Campbell]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - Second Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[David Slate]] ('''1989'''). ''Invited Speakers: Donald Michie and John McCarthy''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
=Postings=
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/3d30a29100dc3fd2/afdb2d7f712f1be2 World Computer Chess Championship (the human side)] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], June 04, 1989
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/event.php?id=19 6th World Computer Chess Championship] from the [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/ ICGA Tournament Database]
=References=
<references />
'''[[World Computer Chess Championship|Up one Level]]'''
'''[[WCCC 1986|< Prev]] [[WCCC 1992|Next >]]'''
[[FILE:Shaw3997.JPG|border|right|thumb|Former Edmonton Convention Centre <ref>Main Entrance of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaw_Conference_Centre Shaw Conference Centre] (since 1997), formerly the Edmonton Convention Centre, Photo taken [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Edmonton Downtown Edmonton], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta Alberta], August 14, 2006, Myke Waddy</ref> ]]
The '''Sixth World Computer Chess Championship''' took place from May 28 to 31, [[Timeline#1989|1989]], in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaw_Conference_Centre Edmonton Convention Centre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton Edmonton], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta Alberta], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada Canada]. It was held in conjunction with ''Congress '89'' <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/title/prospect-for-the-90s-cips-congress-89-proceedings-edmonton-alberta-may-29-june-2-1989/oclc/21039544 Prospect for the 90's : CIPS Congress '89 : proceedings : Edmonton, Alberta, May 29-June 2, 1989]</ref> of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Information_Processing_Society Canadian Information Processing Society] (CIPS), and was sponsored by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta_Government_Telephones Alberta Government Telephones] (AGT) <ref>[[Garth Courtois Jr.]] ('''1989'''). ''The Sixth World Computer-Chess Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref>.
[[Tony Marsland|Tony Marsland's]] hard work in obtaining funds and recruiting attendees was apparent in the impressive chess expertise available to comment on the event - he further organized the [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|New Directions in Game-Tree Search]] two-day workshop during the tournament. 24 teams from 9 nations participated. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Chess_Championship Canadian Chess Champion] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Spraggett Kevin Spraggett] was present commentating on the games along with [[David Levy]], [[Michael Valvo|Mike Valvo]], [[Danny Kopec]], [[Julio Kaplan]] and [[David Slate]]. A large crowd of about 300 were on site during most of the games <ref>[http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/3d30a29100dc3fd2/afdb2d7f712f1be2 World Computer Chess Championship (the human side)] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], June 04, 1989</ref> . [[Deep Thought]] won with a perfect score, winning all five games - runner up was [[BeBe]].
=Final Standing=
6th World Computer Chess Championship 1989, Edmonton CA <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/tournament.php?id=14 6th World Computer Chess Championship] [[ICGA]] tournament site</ref> <ref>[http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/89wc$tix.htm World Computer Chess Championship - 6th WCCC - 1989 Edmonton] by [[Mark Weeks]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Program
! CC
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R4
! R5
! Total
! SOS
! SoDOS
|-
! 1
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Deep Thought]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 22b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 16w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 6b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4b1
! 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
|-
! 2
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bebe]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 19b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 18b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 16w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 8w1
! 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
|-
! 3
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Cray Blitz]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 15w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 1b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 9w1
! 3½
| style="text-align:center;" | 17½
| style="text-align:center;" | 10¾
|-
! 4
| style="text-align:left;" | [[HiTech]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 9b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 6w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1w0
! 3½
| style="text-align:center;" | 16½
| style="text-align:center;" | 9¾
|-
! 5
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mephisto|Mephisto X]]
! GB
| style="text-align:right;" | 18b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 17w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 7w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 11b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 12w1
! 3½
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" | 8¾
|-
! 6
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 21w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 8b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 4b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 11w1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" | 7½
|-
! 7
| style="text-align:left;" | [[AI Chess]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 23w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 12b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 16w1
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 8
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Merlin]]
! AT
| style="text-align:right;" | 24b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 6w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 20b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2b0
! 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 9
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Much]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 4w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 15w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 21b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 3b0
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| style="text-align:center;" | 5¾
|-
! 10
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Phoenix|Sun Phoenix]]
! CA
| style="text-align:right;" | 12w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 7b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 11w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 8b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13w½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 13½
| style="text-align:center;" | 6½
|-
! 11
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Novag X]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 17b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 18w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 6b0
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
|-
! 12
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Zarkov]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 10b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 7w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5b0
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
|-
! 13
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Y!|Y!89]]
! SE
| style="text-align:right;" | 14b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 9w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 17b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 18w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 10b½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 5½
|-
! 14
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Quest|Quest X]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 13w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 4b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 12w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 19w½
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 15
| style="text-align:left;" | [[BP]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 3b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 19w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 9b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 20w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 22b1
! 2½
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
! 16
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rebel|Rebel X]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 20w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 1b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 21w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 2b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 7b0
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
|-
! 17
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Kallisto]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 11w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 5b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 19b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 20b½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 4½
|-
! 18
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Waycool]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 5w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 11b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 2w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 13b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24w1
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 12½
| style="text-align:center;" | 3½
|-
! 19
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Pandix]]
! HU
| style="text-align:right;" | 2w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 15b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 22b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 17w½
| style="text-align:right;" | 14b½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" | 3¼
|-
! 20
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rex]]
! US
| style="text-align:right;" | 16b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 22w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 8w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 15b½
| style="text-align:right;" | 17w½
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 10½
| style="text-align:center;" | 3¼
|-
! 21
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Dappet]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 6b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 16b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 9w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23w1
! 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 8½
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
|-
! 22
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Moby]]
! GB
| style="text-align:right;" | 1w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 20b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 19w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24b1
| style="text-align:right;" | 15w0
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 11½
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
! 23
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Shess]]
! NL
| style="text-align:right;" | 7b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 12b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 24w1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 21b0
! 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|-
! 24
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Centaur]]
! SU
| style="text-align:right;" | 8w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 21b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 23b0
| style="text-align:right;" | 22w0
| style="text-align:right;" | 18b0
! 0
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | 0
|}
* SOS: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchholz_system Sum of Opponent Scores]
* SoDOS: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neustadtl_score Sum of Defeated Opponent Scores]
=Participants=
6th World Computer Chess Championship 1989, Edmonton CA <ref>[[Garth Courtois Jr.]] ('''1989'''). ''The Sixth World Computer-Chess Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Program
! CC
! Team
! Hardware
! Language
! Nodes/s
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[AI Chess]]
! US
| [[Marty Hirsch]]
| [http://www.dynalogindia.com/products/education-solutions/8086-microprocessor-263/dyna-86l.html Dyna] [[8086]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,500
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bebe]]
! US
| [[Tony Scherzer|Tony]] & [[Linda Scherzer]]
| Sys-10 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_slicing bit slice]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 45,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[BP]]
! US
| [[Robert Cullum]]
| [[IBM PC|Unisys PW800 PC]] [[x86|386]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 600
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Centaur]]
! SU
| [[Victor Vikhrev]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2 IBM PS2/80] [[x86|486]]
| [[Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Cray Blitz]]
! US
| [[Robert Hyatt]], [[Albert Gower]], [[Harry Nelson]]
| [[Cray X-MP#YMP|Cray Y-MP/8]]
| [[Fortran]], [[Assembly#CAL|CAL]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 100,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Dappet]]
! NL
| [[Dap Hartmann]], [[Peter Kouwenhoven]]
| [[IBM PC|Toshiba PC]]
| [[Pascal#TurboPascal|Turbo Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 200 - 800
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Deep Thought]]
! US
| [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Thomas Anantharaman]],<br/>[[Mike Browne]], [[Murray Campbell]],<br/>[[Peter Jansen]], [[Andreas Nowatzyk]]
| [[VLSI Design|VLSI-Sys]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,000,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Fidelity|Fidelity X]]
! US
| [[Dan Spracklen|Dan]] & [[Kathe Spracklen]], [[Ron Nelson]]
| [[68030]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 10,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[HiTech]]
! US
| [[Hans Berliner]], [[Carl Ebeling]], [[Murray Campbell]],<br/>[[Gordon Goetsch]], [[Andy Gruss]], [[Andrew James Palay|Andrew Palay]],<br/>[[Larry Slomer]]
| [[VLSI Design|VLSI-Sys]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 100,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Kallisto]]
! NL
| [[Bart Weststrate]]
| [[Apple II]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,000 - 6,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mephisto|Mephisto X]]
! GB
| [[Richard Lang]]
| [[68020]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Merlin]]
! AT
| [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Helmut Horacek]],<br/>[[Marcus Wagner]]
| [[IBM 370|IBM 3090]]
| [[Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Moby]]
! GB
| [[Mark Taylor]], [[Greg Wilson]], [[David Levy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiko_Scientific#Computing_Surface Meiko Computing Surface]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam_%28programming_language%29 Occam]
| style="text-align:right;" | 250
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Much]]
! NL
| [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Roger Hünen]],<br/>[[Harry Nefkens]], [[Tom Pronk]]
| [[Sun#4|Sun-4]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Novag X]]
! US
| [[David Kittinger]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,800
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Pandix]]
! HU
| [[Gyula Horváth|Gyula]] & [[Zsuzsa Horváth]]
| [[IBM PC|Sanyo PC]] [[x86|386]]
| [[C]], [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 300
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Quest|Quest X]]
! NL
| [[Frans Morsch]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 8,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rebel|Rebel X]]
! NL
| [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], [[Jan Louwman]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Rex]]
! US
| [[Don Dailey]], [[Larry Kaufman]]
| [[IBM PC|Unisys PW800 PC]] [[x86|386]]
| [[Pascal]]
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Shess]]
! NL
| [[Ard van Bergen]]
| [[VAX|Vax 8600]]
| [[Fortran]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 400
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Phoenix|Sun Phoenix]]
! CA
| [[Jonathan Schaeffer]]
| 20 x [[Sun#4|Sun-4]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 10,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Waycool]]
! US
| [[Ed Felten]], [[Steve Otto]], [[Rod Morison]]
| [[nCUBE|nCUBE10]] 512 x [[Intel]] [[8086|80286]]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Y!|Y!89]]
! SE
| [[Ulf Rathsman]], [[Lars Hjörth]], [[Sandro Necchi]]
| [[6502]]
| [[Assembly]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 5,000
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Zarkov]]
! US
| [[John Stanback]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_9000 HP 9000/835]
| [[C]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,500
|}
=Photos=
[[FILE:5-2_and_3-1.Hsu.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645331.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/]]
[[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] <ref>[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/ Chess temporary], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:3-1.Michie.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645374.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbe1d416]]
[[Donald Michie|Michie]] at the 6th WCCC <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbe1d416 Michie at the 6th World Computer Chess Championship in Edmonton, Alberta], Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:3-1_and_3-2.Thompson_Shannon_Slate.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645362.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdd1eb1]]
[[Ken Thompson|Thompson]], [[Claude Shannon|Shannon]], and [[David Slate|Slate]] at the 6th WCCC <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbdd1eb1 Thompson, Shannon, and Slate], Gift of [[Monroe Newborn]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:3-1_and_3-2.Levy_Thompson.WCCC.Edmonton.1989.102645367.NEWBORN.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/]]
[[David Levy]] and [[Ken Thompson]] <ref>[http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/Chess_temporary/still-image/ Chess temporary], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
[[FILE:5-2.Hsu_and_Shannon_1989.102645330.HSU.lg.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px|link=http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd35ab2]]
[[Claude Shannon]] awards [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], first prize for [[Deep Thought]] <ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=stl-430b9bbd35ab2 Claude Shannon awards Feng-Hsiung Hsu], Gift of [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[The Computer History Museum]]</ref>
=Photos & Games=
[[FILE:Hitech-DeepThought-Edmonton-1989.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|560px]]
The game [[HiTech]] vs [[Deep Thought]] from the 5th (and last) round <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/round.php?tournament=14&round=5&id=1 Edmonton 1989 - Chess - Round 5 - Game 1 (ICGA Tournaments)]</ref> <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Ray Keene] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thoughts from Edmonton''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref><br/>[[Hans Berliner]], [[Murray Campbell]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] and [[Peter Jansen]] <ref>Photo by [[Pierre Nolot]]</ref>
<pre>
[Event "WCCC 1989"]
[Site "Edmonton, Canada"]
[Date "1989.05.31"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Hitech"]
[Black "Deep Thought"]
[Result "0-1"]
1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bf4 e6 4.e3 Nc6 5.Nbd2 Be7 6.h3 O-O 7.Be2 Nh5 8.Bh2 g6 9.O-O f5
10.Be5 Nxe5 11.Nxe5 Nf6 12.c4 c5 13.Ndf3 Bd6 14.a3 Qc7 15.Rc1 a5 16.Qb3 b6 17.Qa4 Bb7
18.Rc2 Kh8 19.cxd5 Bxd5 20.Rd1 Rad8 21.Bb5 Ne4 22.Nd7 Rg8 23.Nfe5 Rg7 24.Rd3 Be7 25.Rd1
h5 26.Rdc1 Bg5 27.Re1 Bh4 28.Rf1 Be7 29.Rfc1 g5 30.f3 Nf6 31.Kf1 g4 32.hxg4 hxg4 33.f4
Be4 34.Rd2 Nd5 35.Re2 Rh7 36.Ree1 Nxe3+ 37.Kg1 Nd5 38.Ng6+ Kg7 39.Nxe7 Qxf4 40.Nxf5+ exf5
41.Rxe4 Qxc1+ 42.Bf1 fxe4 43.Qb3 Rh1+ 44.Kxh1 Qxf1+ 45.Kh2 Rh8+ 46.Qh3 g3+ 47.Kxg3 Qf4#
0-1
</pre>
Game and short analyze on Lichess.org : [https://en.lichess.org/NnCgSyGX]
=Honored Guests=
* [[John McCarthy]]
* [[Donald Michie]]
=Invited Guests=
* [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]]
* [[Vladimir Arlazarov]]
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]]
* [[Hans Berliner]]
* [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]]
* [[Claude Shannon]]
* [[Ken Thompson]]
=Tournament Director=
* [[Michael Valvo]]
=Workshop=
The Workshop ''New Directions in Game Tree Search'' was organized by [[Tony Marsland]] <ref>[[Tony Marsland]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> and held in conjunction with the WCCC on May 29 and 30, 1989. Revised contributions of the workshop were published in [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]].
==Session 1==
The first session was disclosed by [[John McCarthy]] mentioning the often cited metaphor of computer chess as the [[Artificial Intelligence#McCarthy|Drosophila]] of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]] research, and attributed it to [[Alexander Kronrod]] <ref>[[James Gillogly]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - First Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> :
* [[Hans Berliner]] ('''1989'''). ''What is still needed in Game Tree Search''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Robert Levinson]] ('''1989'''). ''A Self-Learning, Pattern-Oriented Chess Program''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[James Gillogly]] ('''1989'''). ''Transposition Table Collisions''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Harry Nelson]] ('''1989'''). ''Some Observations about Hash Tables in Cray Blitz''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''1989'''). ''A Summary of some Results in Theoretical Game Tree Search and the Dreihirn-Experiment''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Anders Kierulf]], [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Jürg Nievergelt]] ('''1989'''). ''Smart Game Board and Go Explorer: A Case Study in Software and Knowledge Engineering''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Kiyoshi Shirayanagi]] ('''1989'''). ''A New Approach to Programming Go - Knowledge Representation and its Refinement in Go Programs''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Lynn Sutherland]] ('''1989'''). ''Load Balancing Search Problems on General-Purpose Multi-Computers''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Danny Kopec]], [[Ed Northam]], [[David Podber]], [[Yehya Fouda]] ('''1989'''). ''The Role of Connectivity in Chess''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]], [http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/%7Ekopec/Publications/Publications/O_24_C.pdf pdf]
* [[Monroe Newborn]] ('''1989'''). ''A Theorem Proving Program that Looks Like a Chess Program''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Mikhail Donskoy]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1989'''). ''Perspectives on Falling from Grace''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~jonathan/publications/ai_publications/grace.pdf pdf]
==Session 2==
The second day began with opening remarks by [[Claude Shannon]], who recalled that in the 40s relays rather than transistors were the state of the art. He still feft that games were an excellent test bed for understanding intelligence, and predicted that within the next 25 years computers would outplay the best humans at chess <ref>[[Murray Campbell]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - Second Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> :
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1989'''). ''Automating the Discovery of Structure in Time-Varying Data''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Bob Herschberg]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Patrick Schoo]] ('''1989'''). ''Verifying and Codifying Strategies in a Chess Endgame''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[David Levy]] ('''1989'''). ''Evaluation Functions from Chess Endgame Databases''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Hermann Kaindl]], [[Marcus Wagner]], [[Helmut Horacek]] ('''1989'''). ''Comparing Various Pruning Algorithms on Very Strongly Ordered Game Trees''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Ed Felten]] ('''1989'''). ''Playing Against an Imperfect Opponent''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1989'''). ''Problematic Positions and Speculative Play.'' [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
* [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1989'''). ''The Bratko-Kopec Test Revisited''. [[WCCC 1989#Workshop|Workshop on New Directions in Game-Tree Search]]
=Congress '89=
[[John McCarthy]] and [[Donald Michie]] were invited speakers of the ''Congress '89'' conference of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Information_Processing_Society Canadian Information Processing Society] on May 31, 1989 <ref>[[David Slate]] ('''1989'''). ''Invited Speakers: Donald Michie and John McCarthy''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]</ref> . Their presentations were also published in [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]:
* [[Donald Michie]] ('''1990'''). ''Brute Force in Chess and Science''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
* [[John McCarthy]] ('''1990'''). ''Chess as the Drosophila of AI''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
=Poll=
When will a Program beat the human Chess World Champion? A poll by [[David Levy]] during the WCCC 1989 <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Levy,_David#Wann_wird_ein_Computer_den_Weltmeister_schlagen.3F Wann wird ein Computer den Weltmeister schlagen?], [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)</ref> .
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1992
| [[Gyula Horváth]], [[Monroe Newborn|Monty Newborn]]
|-
! 1993
| [[John McCarthy]]
|-
! 1994
| [[Hans Berliner]], [[Marty Hirsch]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]]
|-
! 1995
| [[Murray Campbell]], [[Larry Kaufman]], [[David Kittinger]], [[Danny Kopec]], [[Donald Michie]], [[David Slate]], [[Michael Valvo|Mike Valvo]]
|-
! [[Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997|1997]]
| [[John Stanback]]
|-
! 1998
| [[Kevin O’Connell]]
|-
! 1999
| [[Ed Felten]], [[Tom Pronk]], [[Sidney Samole]], [[Claude Shannon]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]]
|-
! 2000
| [[Robert Hyatt]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Spraggett Kevin Spraggett], [[Victor Vikhrev]], [[Jaap van den Herik]]
|-
! 2001
| [[Jürg Nievergelt]], [[Mark Taylor]]
|-
! 2002
| [[Julio Kaplan]]
|-
! 2005
| [[Richard Lang]], [[Pierre Nolot]], [[Ard van Bergen]]
|-
! 2008
| [[Harry Nelson]]
|-
! 2010
| [[Don Dailey]], [[Ossi Weiner]]
|-
! 2011
| [[Lars Hjörth]]
|-
! 2013
| [[Tony Scherzer]]
|-
! 2014
| [[David Levy]]
|-
! 2020
| [[Tony Marsland]]
|-
! 2025
| [[Dap Hartmann]]
|-
! 2030
| [[Frans Morsch]]
|-
! 2040
| [[Jonathan Schaeffer]]
|-
! 2050
| [[Harm Bakker]]
|-
! 2056
| [[Helmut Horacek]]
|-
! Never
| [[David Cahlander]]
|}
=See also=
* [[ACM 1989]]
* [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
=Booklet=
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/full_record.php?iid=doc-434fea055cbb3 Kings Move - Welcome to the 1989 AGT World Computer Chess Championship.] Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Courtesy of [[Peter Jennings]], from [[The Computer History Museum]], [http://archive.computerhistory.org/projects/chess/related_materials/text/3-1%20and%203-2%20and%203-3%20and%204-3.1989_WCCC/1989%20WCCC.062302028.sm.pdf pdf]
=Reports=
==Tournament==
* [[Garth Courtois Jr.]] ('''1989'''). ''The Sixth World Computer-Chess Championship''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Keene Ray Keene] ('''1989'''). ''Deep Thoughts from Edmonton''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1990'''). ''1989 World Computer Chess Championship.'' [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]], pp. 33-46
==Workshop==
* [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[James Gillogly]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - First Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[Murray Campbell]] ('''1989'''). ''New Directions in Game-Tree Search - Second Workshop Session''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
* [[David Slate]] ('''1989'''). ''Invited Speakers: Donald Michie and John McCarthy''. [[ICGA Journal#12_2|ICCA Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2]]
=Postings=
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess/browse_frm/thread/3d30a29100dc3fd2/afdb2d7f712f1be2 World Computer Chess Championship (the human side)] by [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rec.games.chess]], June 04, 1989
=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/event.php?id=19 6th World Computer Chess Championship] from the [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/ ICGA Tournament Database]
=References=
<references />
'''[[World Computer Chess Championship|Up one Level]]'''
