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Alexander Reinefeld

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[[FILE:AlexanderReinefeld.jpg|border|right|thumb|184px|link=http://www.zib.de/members/reinefeld|Alexander Reinefeld <ref>[http://www.zib.de/members/reinefeld Alexander Reinefeld's homepage]</ref> ]]

'''Alexander Reinefeld''', <br/>
a German computer scientist, games researcher, and professor of Computer Science at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuse_Institute_Berlin Zuse Institute Berlin] (ZIB). He studied physics at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_University_of_Braunschweig Technical University of Braunschweig] and computer science at the [[University of Hamburg]] and during two one-year visits in Edmonton, at the [[University of Alberta]]. In 1982, he concluded his graduate in computer science and in 1987 he received his Ph.D at the University of Hamburg.
From 1983 to 1987, he worked as a scientific employee, and from 1989 to 1992 as assistant at the University of Hamburg. During the years 1987 to 1990 he collected industrial experience as a management consultant in the areas of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysis Systems analysis], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database Databases] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler Compiler building]. In 1992 Reinefeld collaborated with the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC²) at the [[Paderborn University]] <ref>[http://wwwcs.uni-paderborn.de/pc2/ Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing]</ref>. Since 1998, Alexander Reinefeld leads the area of Computer Science in the [http://www.zib.de/ Zuse Institute Berlin] (ZIB). He is a member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Informatik Gesellschaft für Informatik], the [[ACM]], the [[IEEE|IEEE Computer Society]], the German university association [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Hochschulverband Deutscher Hochschulverband (DHV)] and Chair of Parallel and Distributed Systems at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin Humboldt University of Berlin].

=Chess Programs=
==Murks==
In 1979 at the [[University of Hamburg]], motivated and supported by his advisor [[Frieder Schwenkel]], Alexander Reinefeld designed the chess program [[Murks]], partly implemented in microcode for an [[Interdata M85]] minicomputer.
Reinefeld: world chess champion [[Mikhail Botvinnik]] visited us and played against Murks.

==MicroMurks==
In 1980/81, a team of four students, [[Manfred Allers]], [[Dirk Hauschildt]], [[Dieter Steinwender]] and Alexander Reinefeld, ported Murks to a [[Motorola]] [[68000|MC68000]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor Microprocessor], then dubbed [[MicroMurks]]. They built their own MC68000 microcomputer from scratch <ref>[[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2005'''). ''Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen''. [http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/studium/ringvorlesung/ss05/slides/05-06-02.pdf slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)</ref> [[MicroMurks|Micromurks II]] represented by Dieter Steinwender, participated at the [[WMCCC 1983]] in Budapest.

=Search Algorithms=
==Negascout==
In 1983 Alexander Reinefeld introduced the [[NegaScout]] [[Search|search-algorithm]], an improvement of [[Judea Pearl|Judea Pearl's]] [[Scout]] <ref>[[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1983'''). ''An Improvement to the Scout Tree-Search Algorithm''. [[ICGA Journal#6_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4]], [http://www.top-5000.nl/ps/An%20improvement%20to%20the%20scout%20tree%20search%20algorithm.pdf pdf]</ref> .

==RecSSS* and RecDual*==
Ten years later, in 1993 at the [[Advances in Computer Chess 7|7th Advances in Computer Chess]] conference, Reinefeld made an attempt to resuscitate [[George Stockman|Stockman's]] [[SSS* and Dual*|SSS* algorithm]], and proposed an improvement of the [[Recursion|recursive]] [[SSS* and Dual*#RecSSS|RecSSS*]] <ref>[[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1994'''). ''A Minimax Algorithm Faster than Alpha-Beta''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]</ref> , initially developed by [[Subir Bhattacharya]] and [[Amitava Bagchi]] <ref>[[Subir Bhattacharya]], [[Amitava Bagchi]] ('''1990'''). ''Unified Recursive Schemes for Search in Game Trees.'' Technical Report WPS-144, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Calcutta Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta]</ref> . Despite promising results with some trees of depth 8, the space (memory) requirements were still very (too) high, and with the research of [[Aske Plaat]], [[Wim Pijls]] and [[Arie de Bruin]] concerning [[Alpha-Beta]] with [[Null Window|zero windows]] and [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] in [[SSS* and Dual*#SSStarandDualStarAsMT|SSS* and Dual* as MT]], '''SSS'''* was finally declared "dead" by Pijls and De Bruin in 1996 <ref>[[Arie de Bruin]], [[Wim Pijls]] ('''1997'''). ''SSS†.'' [[Advances in Computer Chess 8]]</ref> .

=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/r/Reinefeld:Alexander dblp: Alexander Reinefeld]</ref> <ref>[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/docs/References.pdf ICGA Reference Database] (pdf)</ref>
==1982 ...==
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1982'''). ''Untersuchungen an modernen Suchbaum-Reduktionsverfahren''. Diplomarbeit, Fachbereich Informatik, [[University of Hamburg|Universität Hamburg]]
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1983'''). ''An Improvement to the Scout Tree-Search Algorithm.'' [[ICGA Journal#6_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4]], [http://www.top-5000.nl/ps/An%20improvement%20to%20the%20scout%20tree%20search%20algorithm.pdf pdf]
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1985'''). [[Kai von Luck]]: ''Aspekte wissensgestützter Planung''. [[Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe|Bernd Owsnicki]]: ''Repräsentation von positionellem Schachwissen mit Techniken der künstlichen Intelligenz''. [[ICGA Journal#8_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4]]
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]], [[Tony Marsland]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1985'''). ''Is Best First Search Really Best?'' Technical Report TR 85-16, Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta.
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1985'''). ''Information Acquisition in Minimal Window Search''. Proceedings of the 9th [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/conf/ijcai/index.html IJCAI], pp. 1040-1043.
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]], [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1987'''). ''A Quantitative Analysis of Minimal Window Search.'' [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai87.html IJCAI-87], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/OldPapers/ijcai87.pdf pdf]
* [[Tony Marsland]], [[Alexander Reinefeld]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]] ('''1987'''). ''Low Overhead Alternatives to SSS*.'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 185-199. ISSN 0004-3702.
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1989'''). ''[http://www.zib.de/de/alexander-reinefeld/publications/springerfb200.html Spielbaum Suchverfahren]''. Informatik-Fachberichte Volume 200. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. ISBN 3-540-50742-6.
==1990 ...==
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''1994'''). ''A Minimax Algorithm Faster than Alpha-Beta''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]], [[Tony Marsland]] ('''1994'''). ''Enhanced Iterative-Deepening Search.'' [[IEEE#TPAMI|IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]], Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 701-710. ISSN 0162-8828. [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~tony/RecentPapers/pami94.pdf pdf]
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/r/Ridinger:Peter.html Peter Ridinger] ('''1994'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0004370294900493 Time-Efficient State Space Search]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 71, No. 2, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.1934 CiteSeerX]
==2000 ...==
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2000'''). ''Parallel Heuristic Search'' and ''Heuristic Search''. In: [http://titan.princeton.edu/ C.A. Floudas], [http://www.ise.ufl.edu/pardalos/ P.M. Pardalos] (eds.), [http://www.ise.ufl.edu/pardalos/encyclopedia/entries.txt Encyclopedia of Optimization]. Kluwer Academic Publishers
* [http://www.zib.de/schintke/ Florian Schintke], [http://pc2.uni-paderborn.de/people/jens-simon/ Jens Simon], [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2001'''). ''A Cache Simulator for Shared Memory Systems''. International Conference on Computational Science ICCS 2001, San Francisco, CA, Springer LNCS 2074, vol. 2, pp. 569-578.
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2005'''). ''Die Entwicklung der Spielprogrammierung: Von John von Neumann bis zu den hochparallelen Schachmaschinen''. [http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/studium/ringvorlesung/ss05/slides/05-06-02.pdf slides as pdf], Themen der Informatik im historischen Kontext Ringvorlesung an der [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin HU Berlin], 02.06.2005 (English paper, German title)
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2009'''). ''Heuristic Search''. In: [http://titan.princeton.edu/ C.A. Floudas], [http://www.ise.ufl.edu/pardalos/ P.M. Pardalos] (eds.), [http://www.springer.com/mathematics/book/978-0-387-74758-3 Encyclopedia of Optimization 2nd ed]. pp 1506-1508
* [[Alexander Reinefeld]] ('''2009'''). ''Parallel Heuristic Search''. In: [http://titan.princeton.edu/ C.A. Floudas], [http://www.ise.ufl.edu/pardalos/ P.M. Pardalos] (eds.), [http://www.springer.com/mathematics/book/978-0-387-74758-3 Encyclopedia of Optimization 2nd ed]. pp 2908-2912

=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Reinefeld Alexander Reinefeld from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.zib.de/members/reinefeld Alexander Reinefeld's homepage]
* [https://www.golem.de/0205/19875.html Ein neues Netz, das Petabytes zerlegen kann] [https://www.golem.de/ Golem.de] (German)
* [http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/events/memics06/index.php?page=invited_talks 2nd Doctoral Workshop on Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science - Invited Talks], Memics October 28, 2006, in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikulov Mikulov], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic Czech Republic], [http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/%7Emartinek/alba/Memics/DM/Day2/index.html Photogallery 2nd day]
* [http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20080256125 Device and Method for Storing / Retrieving Objects with Multidimensionally Addressed Electronic Data - Patent application]

=References=
<references />

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