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Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Cyrus''' FILE:cyrus.gif|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214| Cyrus IS-Chess <ref>[http://..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Cyrus'''
[[FILE:cyrus.gif|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214| Cyrus IS-Chess <ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214 Cyrus IS Chess - World of Spectrum]</ref> ]]
'''Cyrus''',<br/>
[[Richard Lang|Richard Lang's]] first chess program, written in [[Assembly]] for a [[Z80]] CPU. Starting programming in January 1981, his tournament debut at the [[European MCC 1981|2nd European Microcomputer Chess Championship]] at the [[Personal Computer World|PCW]] Show 1981 in London was already a breakthrough. Cyrus was the clear winner with 5 out of 5 in a field of 12 Micros. Cyrus ran on a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nascom Nascom] microcomputer using a 4 MHz Z80 CPU, and Lang immediately was offered two contracts by [[David Levy]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]], one for Cyrus, and one to work as programmer for [[Intelligent Software]]. Lang accepted, and ''Cyrus IS-Chess'' for the [[ZX Spectrum|Sinclair ZX Spectrum]] was his first commercial entry, followed by programs for various [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] merchandised by ''Intelligent Software'', as well a further improved version of Cyrus, Cyrus II. In an 2003 interview, Richard Lang stated that there is still much of Cyrus in current versions of [[Chess Genius]]. For example, he had never used [[Quiescence Search|quiescence searches]] and relied instead on a [[Static Exchange Evaluation|static swap off routine]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang_Q_A.pdf Richard Lang - Question & Answer Interview given to a German magazine in 2003], pdf hosted by [[Mike Watters]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]</ref>.
=ACM 1981 Blitz=
An improved version of Cyrus appeared at the [[ACM 1981|ACM Speed Chess Tournament 1981]], running on an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne_Computer_Corporation Osborne] Z80 microcomputer and matched against [[Mainframe Programs|mainframe programs]], beating [[Cray Blitz]] and [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.5]], and only losing to [[Belle]] <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Winner Takes All''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html September 83], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang0001.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]</ref>.
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1981 Speed Tournament"]
[Site "Los Angeles"]
[Date " 1981.11.10"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Cyrus"]
[Black "Cray Blitz"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.e4 d6 2.d4 g6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nbd7 5.Nf3 c6 6.Be2 Bg7 7.0-0 0-0 8.Qd3 e5
9.Bg5 h6 10.Bxf6 Qxf6 11.Rfd1 Rd8 12.a4 a5 13.Ra3 Qf4 14.g3 Qf6 15.Rb3 Ra7
16.Qc4 Ra6 17.dxe5 dxe5 18.Rd2 b6 19.Qd3 Bb7 20.Qd6 Qxd6 21.Rxd6 Raa8
22.Rd2 Ba6 23.Bxa6 Rxa6 24.Ne2 c5 25.Rbd3 Ra7 26.Nc3 Rb7 27.b3 Kh8 28.Nb5
Kg8 29.Nd6 Rc7 30.Nb5 Rb7 31.Rd5 f6 32.Nd6 Rc7 33.Nb5 Rb7 34.c4 Bf8 35.Nc3
g5 36.Ne1 Bg7 37.Nc2 Kh8 38.Ne3 Kg8 39.Nf5 Bf8 40.Ne3 Bg7 41.R5d3 Kh8
42.Nf5 Ra7 43.Nb5 Ra6 44.Nc7 Ra7 45.Ne6 Re8 46.Nexg7 1-0
</pre>
=Intelligent Software=
Following programs and [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] with programs based on Cyrus were released during Lang's period working for [[Intelligent Software]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang_Q_A.pdf Richard Lang - Question & Answer Interview given to a German magazine in 2003], pdf hosted by [[Mike Watters]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]</ref>:
* Cyrus for [[ZX Spectrum|Sinclair ZX Spectrum]], [[Z80]] [[Assembly|assembly]] language, 1981
* [[Chess 2001]], Z80 assembly language, 1982 <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/CXG_Chess_2001 CXG Chess 2001] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref>
* [[Intelligent Chess Software]], Z80 assembly language
* [[L'Empereur]], Z80 assembly language <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html SciSys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
* [[La Regence]], Z80 assembly language <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Sandy_TSB_4_La_Regence Chafitz TSB 4 La Regence] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> <ref>[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Obermair Gilbert Obermair] ('''1983'''). [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Schachcomputer_Report_%2784 Schach-Computer Report ’84], S. 62-63, [[Applied Concepts]] - La Regence TSB IV, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/10-1982%20%5BH-0601%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20La%20Regence%20TSB%20IV.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German) </ref>
* [[Dragon Chess]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_6809 6809] assembly language, for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Data Dragon Data] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer Home computers] <ref>[http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/4186/DragonChess/ Computing History - DragonChess]</ref>
=Cyrus II=
[[FILE:CyrusII.gif|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001213| Cyrus II [[3D Graphics Board|3D screen]] <ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001213 Cyrus II - World of Spectrum]</ref> ]]
Working for [[Intelligent Software]], Richard Lang continued the Cyrus development including a [[6502]] port to cover the growing market of [[Apple II]] and [[Commodore 64]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer home computers].
At the [[European MCC 1982|3rd European Microcomputer Chess Championship]], September 1982, [[La Regence]] became strong runner up behind [[Advance|Advance 2.4]], while Cyrus II itself didn't quite come up to its expectations. Lang: 'It was written in such a hurry and the tournament came in the middle of its development period rather than at the end'. There were quite a few new ideas in the program, and he didn't have much time to test them before the tournament. The new ideas were a combination of running faster and implementing new [[Knowledge|chess knowledge]], by getting it to recognize [[Isolated Pawn|isolated]] and [[Doubled Pawn|doubled pawns]] and the like <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Winner Takes All''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html September 83], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang0001.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>. Various programs derivate from Cyrus competed at the [[European MCC 1983|4th European Microcomputer Chess Championship]], September 1983. Cyrus 2.5 finished best (4th) of the home computer programs tied with [[White Knight|White Knight 11]] by [[Martin Bryant]], behind [[Advance|Advance 3.0]] and [[Chess 2001]].
|}
=Cyrus 68K=
''see main article [[Cyrus 68K]]''
In about 1983 Richard Lang started to write his new program [[Psion]] for [[68000]] family of processors, and was about to abandon the work for [[Intelligent Software]], who continued their own work by owning the Cyrus brand by primary programmer [[Mark Taylor]], yielding in [[Cyrus 68K]]. Its predecessor, competing under the name ''65 Cyrus X'' at the [[WMCCC 1983]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest] is assigned to ''Intelligent Software'' with the authors [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]] at the [[ICGA]] tournament page <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=405 Cyrus' ICGA Tournaments]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Cyrus 68K]]
* [[Various Classifications#Legend|Legend]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214 Cyrus IS Chess - World of Spectrum]
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001213 Cyrus II - World of Spectrum]
* [http://free-game-downloads.mosw.com/abandonware/pc/board_games_h/cyrus.html Cyrus download @ Game Downloads]
* [http://www.retrogames.co.uk/more/on/details/015072 Cyrus Is Chess by Sinclair from Retrogames]
* [http://www.gamespot.com/cpc/puzzle/cyrusiichess/index.html Cyrus II Chess for CPC - GameSpot]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/cyrus Cyrus for DOS (1985)] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]
* [http://members.chello.at/theodor.lauppert/games/chess.htm Chess and Computers]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_I Cyrus I from Wikipedia], King of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anshan_%28Persia%29 Anshan]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great Cyrus the Great from Wikipedia], grandson of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_I Cyrus I] and the founder of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire Achaemenid Empire]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:cyrus.gif|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214| Cyrus IS-Chess <ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214 Cyrus IS Chess - World of Spectrum]</ref> ]]
'''Cyrus''',<br/>
[[Richard Lang|Richard Lang's]] first chess program, written in [[Assembly]] for a [[Z80]] CPU. Starting programming in January 1981, his tournament debut at the [[European MCC 1981|2nd European Microcomputer Chess Championship]] at the [[Personal Computer World|PCW]] Show 1981 in London was already a breakthrough. Cyrus was the clear winner with 5 out of 5 in a field of 12 Micros. Cyrus ran on a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nascom Nascom] microcomputer using a 4 MHz Z80 CPU, and Lang immediately was offered two contracts by [[David Levy]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]], one for Cyrus, and one to work as programmer for [[Intelligent Software]]. Lang accepted, and ''Cyrus IS-Chess'' for the [[ZX Spectrum|Sinclair ZX Spectrum]] was his first commercial entry, followed by programs for various [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] merchandised by ''Intelligent Software'', as well a further improved version of Cyrus, Cyrus II. In an 2003 interview, Richard Lang stated that there is still much of Cyrus in current versions of [[Chess Genius]]. For example, he had never used [[Quiescence Search|quiescence searches]] and relied instead on a [[Static Exchange Evaluation|static swap off routine]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang_Q_A.pdf Richard Lang - Question & Answer Interview given to a German magazine in 2003], pdf hosted by [[Mike Watters]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]</ref>.
=ACM 1981 Blitz=
An improved version of Cyrus appeared at the [[ACM 1981|ACM Speed Chess Tournament 1981]], running on an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne_Computer_Corporation Osborne] Z80 microcomputer and matched against [[Mainframe Programs|mainframe programs]], beating [[Cray Blitz]] and [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.5]], and only losing to [[Belle]] <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Winner Takes All''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html September 83], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang0001.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]</ref>.
<pre>
[Event "ACM 1981 Speed Tournament"]
[Site "Los Angeles"]
[Date " 1981.11.10"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Cyrus"]
[Black "Cray Blitz"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.e4 d6 2.d4 g6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bb5 Nbd7 5.Nf3 c6 6.Be2 Bg7 7.0-0 0-0 8.Qd3 e5
9.Bg5 h6 10.Bxf6 Qxf6 11.Rfd1 Rd8 12.a4 a5 13.Ra3 Qf4 14.g3 Qf6 15.Rb3 Ra7
16.Qc4 Ra6 17.dxe5 dxe5 18.Rd2 b6 19.Qd3 Bb7 20.Qd6 Qxd6 21.Rxd6 Raa8
22.Rd2 Ba6 23.Bxa6 Rxa6 24.Ne2 c5 25.Rbd3 Ra7 26.Nc3 Rb7 27.b3 Kh8 28.Nb5
Kg8 29.Nd6 Rc7 30.Nb5 Rb7 31.Rd5 f6 32.Nd6 Rc7 33.Nb5 Rb7 34.c4 Bf8 35.Nc3
g5 36.Ne1 Bg7 37.Nc2 Kh8 38.Ne3 Kg8 39.Nf5 Bf8 40.Ne3 Bg7 41.R5d3 Kh8
42.Nf5 Ra7 43.Nb5 Ra6 44.Nc7 Ra7 45.Ne6 Re8 46.Nexg7 1-0
</pre>
=Intelligent Software=
Following programs and [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] with programs based on Cyrus were released during Lang's period working for [[Intelligent Software]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang_Q_A.pdf Richard Lang - Question & Answer Interview given to a German magazine in 2003], pdf hosted by [[Mike Watters]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK]</ref>:
* Cyrus for [[ZX Spectrum|Sinclair ZX Spectrum]], [[Z80]] [[Assembly|assembly]] language, 1981
* [[Chess 2001]], Z80 assembly language, 1982 <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/CXG_Chess_2001 CXG Chess 2001] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref>
* [[Intelligent Chess Software]], Z80 assembly language
* [[L'Empereur]], Z80 assembly language <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/scisys_and_novag___the_early_y.html SciSys and Novag : The Early Years] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>
* [[La Regence]], Z80 assembly language <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Sandy_TSB_4_La_Regence Chafitz TSB 4 La Regence] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki]</ref> <ref>[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Obermair Gilbert Obermair] ('''1983'''). [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Schachcomputer_Report_%2784 Schach-Computer Report ’84], S. 62-63, [[Applied Concepts]] - La Regence TSB IV, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/10-1982%20%5BH-0601%5D%20Applied%20Concepts%20-%20La%20Regence%20TSB%20IV.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (German) </ref>
* [[Dragon Chess]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_6809 6809] assembly language, for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Data Dragon Data] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer Home computers] <ref>[http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/4186/DragonChess/ Computing History - DragonChess]</ref>
=Cyrus II=
[[FILE:CyrusII.gif|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001213| Cyrus II [[3D Graphics Board|3D screen]] <ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001213 Cyrus II - World of Spectrum]</ref> ]]
Working for [[Intelligent Software]], Richard Lang continued the Cyrus development including a [[6502]] port to cover the growing market of [[Apple II]] and [[Commodore 64]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_computer home computers].
At the [[European MCC 1982|3rd European Microcomputer Chess Championship]], September 1982, [[La Regence]] became strong runner up behind [[Advance|Advance 2.4]], while Cyrus II itself didn't quite come up to its expectations. Lang: 'It was written in such a hurry and the tournament came in the middle of its development period rather than at the end'. There were quite a few new ideas in the program, and he didn't have much time to test them before the tournament. The new ideas were a combination of running faster and implementing new [[Knowledge|chess knowledge]], by getting it to recognize [[Isolated Pawn|isolated]] and [[Doubled Pawn|doubled pawns]] and the like <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''Winner Takes All''. [[Personal Computer World]], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/publication_archive_1983.html September 83], [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/Richard_Lang0001.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>. Various programs derivate from Cyrus competed at the [[European MCC 1983|4th European Microcomputer Chess Championship]], September 1983. Cyrus 2.5 finished best (4th) of the home computer programs tied with [[White Knight|White Knight 11]] by [[Martin Bryant]], behind [[Advance|Advance 3.0]] and [[Chess 2001]].
|}
=Cyrus 68K=
''see main article [[Cyrus 68K]]''
In about 1983 Richard Lang started to write his new program [[Psion]] for [[68000]] family of processors, and was about to abandon the work for [[Intelligent Software]], who continued their own work by owning the Cyrus brand by primary programmer [[Mark Taylor]], yielding in [[Cyrus 68K]]. Its predecessor, competing under the name ''65 Cyrus X'' at the [[WMCCC 1983]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Budapest] is assigned to ''Intelligent Software'' with the authors [[David Levy]], [[Mark Taylor]] and [[Kevin O’Connell]] at the [[ICGA]] tournament page <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=405 Cyrus' ICGA Tournaments]</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Cyrus 68K]]
* [[Various Classifications#Legend|Legend]]
=External Links=
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/chess_computers_-_the_uk_story.html Chess Computers - The UK Story] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001214 Cyrus IS Chess - World of Spectrum]
* [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0001213 Cyrus II - World of Spectrum]
* [http://free-game-downloads.mosw.com/abandonware/pc/board_games_h/cyrus.html Cyrus download @ Game Downloads]
* [http://www.retrogames.co.uk/more/on/details/015072 Cyrus Is Chess by Sinclair from Retrogames]
* [http://www.gamespot.com/cpc/puzzle/cyrusiichess/index.html Cyrus II Chess for CPC - GameSpot]
* [http://www.mobygames.com/game/cyrus Cyrus for DOS (1985)] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobyGames MobyGames]
* [http://members.chello.at/theodor.lauppert/games/chess.htm Chess and Computers]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_I Cyrus I from Wikipedia], King of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anshan_%28Persia%29 Anshan]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great Cyrus the Great from Wikipedia], grandson of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_I Cyrus I] and the founder of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire Achaemenid Empire]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
