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Created page with "'''Home * Games * Go''' FILE:Go board.jpg|border|right|thumb| 19*19 Go board <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age_of_Intelligent_Machines The Age o..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Games]] * Go'''

[[FILE:Go board.jpg|border|right|thumb| 19*19 Go board <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age_of_Intelligent_Machines The Age of Intelligent Machines]</ref>]]

The game of '''Go''' has attracted game researchers and programmers as an ambitious [[Artificial Intelligence|AI-challenge]]. [[Albert Zobrist]] was a pioneer, who wrote the first Go program in 1968 as part of his Ph.D. Thesis on [[Pattern Recognition|pattern recognition]] <ref>[[Albert Zobrist]] ('''1970'''). ''Feature Extraction and Representation for Pattern Recognition and the Game of Go''. Ph.D. thesis , University of Wisconsin, also published as technical report, [http://www.cs.wisc.edu/techreports/1970/TR85.pdf pdf]</ref>. Chess programmers, beside others, [[Rémi Coulom]] and [[Gian-Carlo Pascutto]] became successful Go programmers with their programs [[CrazyStone]] and [[Leela]] respectively. Competitive computer Go, as organized by the [[ICGA]] <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/game.php?id=12 Go] at the [[Computer Olympiad]]</ref>, is played on boards with 9x9 as well with default 19x19 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_graph grids]. Since Go lacks a simple [[Evaluation|evaluation]] function mainly based on counting [[Material|material]], attempts to apply similar techniques and algorithms as in chess were less successful. The breakthrough in computer Go was accomplished by [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search|Monte-Carlo tree search]] and [[Deep Learning|deep learning]].

=Progress=
==Monte-Carlo Go==
After early trials to apply [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method Monte Carlo methods] to a Go playing program by [[Bernd Brügmann]] in 1993 <ref>[[Bernd Brügmann]] ('''1993'''). ''Monte Carlo Go''. [http://www.ideanest.com/vegos/MonteCarloGo.pdf pdf]</ref>, recent developments since the mid 2000s by [[Bruno Bouzy]] <ref>[[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2005'''). ''Associating domain-dependent knowledge and Monte Carlo approaches within a go program''. Information Sciences, Heuristic Search and Computer Game Playing IV</ref>, and by [[Rémi Coulom]], who coined the term [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]] <ref>[[Rémi Coulom]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://remi.coulom.free.fr/CG2006/ Efficient Selectivity and Backup Operators in Monte-Carlo Tree Search]''. [[CG 2006]], [http://remi.coulom.free.fr/CG2006/CG2006.pdf pdf]</ref>, in conjunction with [[UCT]] (Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees) introduced by [[Levente Kocsis]] and [[Csaba Szepesvári]] <ref>[[Levente Kocsis]], [[Csaba Szepesvári]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://www.computer-go.info/resources/bandit.html Bandit based Monte-Carlo Planning]''. ECML-06, LNCS/LNAI 4212, [http://www.sztaki.hu/%7Eszcsaba/papers/ecml06.pdf pdf]</ref>, led to a breakthrough in computer Go <ref>[[Sylvain Gelly]], [[Marc Schoenauer]], [[Michèle Sebag]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Levente Kocsis]], [[David Silver]], [[Csaba Szepesvári]] ('''2012'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2093548.2093574 The Grand Challenge of Computer Go: Monte Carlo Tree Search and Extensions]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 55, No. 3, [http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/D.Silver/web/Applications_files/grand-challenge.pdf pdf preprint]</ref>.
<span id="CNN"></span>
==CNNs==
As mentioned by [[Ilya Sutskever]] and [[Vinod Nair]] in 2008 <ref>[[Ilya Sutskever]], [[Vinod Nair]] ('''2008'''). ''Mimicking Go Experts with Convolutional Neural Networks''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icann/icann2008-2.html#SutskeverN08 ICANN 2008], [http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~ilya/pubs/2008/go_paper.pdf pdf]</ref>, [[Neural Networks#Convolutional|convolutional neural networks]] are well suited for problems with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translational_symmetry natural translation invariance], such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_object_recognition object recognition]. Go has some translation invariance, because if all the pieces on a hypothetical Go board are shifted to the left, then the best move will also shift (with the exception of pieces that are on the boundary of the board). Many applications of neural networks to Go have already used convolutional neural networks, such as [[Nicol N. Schraudolph]] et al. <ref>[[Nicol N. Schraudolph]], [[Peter Dayan]], [[Terrence J. Sejnowski]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://nic.schraudolph.org/bib2html/b2hd-SchDaySej94.html Temporal Difference Learning of Position Evaluation in the Game of Go]''. [http://papers.nips.cc/book/advances-in-neural-information-processing-systems-6-1993 Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6]</ref>, [[Erik van der Werf]] et al. <ref>[[Erik van der Werf]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Eric Postma]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-40031-8_26 Local Move Prediction in Go]''. [[CG 2002]]</ref>, and [[Markus Enzenberger]] <ref>[[Markus Enzenberger]] ('''2003'''). ''[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~emarkus/neurogo/neurogo3/index.html Evaluation in Go by a Neural Network using Soft Segmentation]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~emarkus/publications/neurogo3.pdf pdf]</ref>, among others.

In 2014, two teams independently investigated whether deep convolutional neural networks <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network Convolutional neural network from Wikipedia]</ref> could be used to directly represent and [[Learning|learn]] a move evaluation function for the game of Go. [[Christopher Clark]] and [[Amos Storkey]] trained an 8-layer convolutional neural network by [[Supervised Learning|supervised learning]] from a database of human professional games, which without any [[Search|search]], defeated the traditional search program [[Gnu Go]] in 86% of the games <ref>[[Christopher Clark]], [[Amos Storkey]] ('''2014'''). ''Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3409 arXiv:1412.3409]</ref> <ref>[http://erikbern.com/2014/12/11/deep-learning-for-go/ Deep learning for… Go] by [[Erik Bernhardsson]], December 11, 2014</ref> <ref>[http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/2014-December/007010.html Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go] by [[Hiroshi Yamashita]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], December 14, 2014</ref> <ref>[http://www.technologyreview.com/view/533496/why-neural-networks-look-set-to-thrash-the-best-human-go-players-for-the-first-time/ Why Neural Networks Look Set to Thrash the Best Human Go Players for the First Time] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Technology_Review MIT Technology Review], December 15, 2014</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=54663 Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go] by [[Michel Van den Bergh]], [[CCC]], December 16, 2014</ref>. In their paper ''Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks'' <ref>[[Chris J. Maddison]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Ilya Sutskever]], [[David Silver]] ('''2014'''). ''Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6564v1 arXiv:1412.6564v1]</ref>, [[Chris J. Maddison]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Ilya Sutskever]], and [[David Silver]] report they trained a large 12-layer convolutional neural network in a similar way, to beat Gnu Go in 97% of the games, and matched the performance of a state-of-the-art [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]] that simulates a million positions per move <ref>[http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/2014-December/007046.html Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks] by [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], December 19, 2014</ref>.
<span id="AlphaGo"></span>
==AlphaGo==
In 2015, a team affiliated with [[Google]] [[DeepMind]] around [[David Silver]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Chris J. Maddison]], and [[Demis Hassabis]], supported by [[Google]] researchers [[John Nham]] and [[Ilya Sutskever]], build a Go playing program dubbed [[AlphaGo]], combining Monte-Carlo tree search with their 12-layer networks <ref>[[David Silver]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Chris J. Maddison]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[George van den Driessche]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Veda Panneershelvam]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Sander Dieleman]], [[Dominik Grewe]], [[John Nham]], [[Nal Kalchbrenner]], [[Ilya Sutskever]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Madeleine Leach]], [[Koray Kavukcuoglu]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2016'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v529/n7587/full/nature16961.html Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature], Vol. 529</ref>, the “policy network,” to select the next move, the “value network,” to predict the winner of the game. The neural networks were trained on 30 million moves from games played by human experts, until it could predict the human move 57 percent of the time. AlphaGo achieved a huge winning rate against other Go programs, and defeated [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Go_Federation European Go] champion [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_Hui Fan Hui] <ref>[http://senseis.xmp.net/?FanHui Fan Hui at Sensei's Library]</ref> in October 2015 with a 5 - 0 score <ref>[http://www.usgo.org/news/2016/01/alphago-beats-pro-5-0-in-major-ai-advance/ Game Over? AlphaGo Beats Pro 5-0 in Major AI Advance] « [http://www.usgo.org/news/ American Go E-Journal], January 27, 2016</ref> On March 9 to 15, 2016, AlphaGo won a $1M [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo_versus_Lee_Sedol 5-game challenge match] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul Seoul] versus [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Sedol Lee Sedol] with 4 - 1 <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP7jMXSY2xbc3KCAE0MHQ-A/ DeepMind - YouTube Channel]</ref> <ref>[[Rémi Coulom#AlphaGo|Video Interview with Rémi Coulom on AlphaGo, February 2016]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35785875 Artificial intelligence: Google's AlphaGo beats Go master Lee Se-dol], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], March 12, 2016</ref>. During [[Go#TheFutureofGoSummit|The Future of Go Summit]] from May 23 to 27, 2017 in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuzhen Wuzhen], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China China], AlphaGo [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo_versus_Ke_Jie won a three-game match] versus current world No. 1 ranking player [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke_Jie Ke Ji]. After the Summit, AlphaGo is now retired from competitive play while DeepMind continues AI research in other areas <ref>[https://www.wired.com/2017/05/win-china-alphagos-designers-explore-new-ai/ AlphaGo’s Designers Explore New AI After Winning Big in China] by [https://www.wired.com/author/cade_metz/ Cade Metz], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine) Wired], May 27, 2017</ref>.

==AlphaGo Zero & AlphaZero==
However, in October 2017, [[AlphaGo#Zero|AlphaGo Zero]], an evolution of AlphaGo was introduced. While previous versions were initially trained on thousands of human amateur and professional games to learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero learns exclusively by playing games against itself, starting from completely random play, to quickly surpass human level of play and defeated the previously published champion-defeating version of AlphaGo by 100 games to 0 <ref>[https://deepmind.com/blog/alphago-zero-learning-scratch/ AlphaGo Zero: Learning from scratch] by [[Demis Hassabis]] and [[David Silver]], [[DeepMind]], October 18, 2017</ref> <ref>[[David Silver]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Lucas Baker]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Adrian Bolton]], [[Yutian Chen]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Fan Hui]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[George van den Driessche]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v550/n7676/full/nature24270.html Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature], Vol. 550</ref>. AlphaGo Zero was further improved and even generalized for other games now dubbed [[AlphaZero]], as published in December 2017 <ref>[[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 arXiv:1712.01815]</ref>.
<span id="FineArt"></span>
==Fine Art==
'''Fine Art''' is a Go playing entity developed since 2016 under the patronage of the Chinese media company [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent Tencent] by a team around [[Liu Yongsheng]], along with [[Ma Bo]], [[Tang Shanmin]], [[Wu Guangyu]], and [[Zhang Kaixu]]. It won the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Go_UEC_Cup Computer Go UEC Cup] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Electro-Communications University of Electro-Communications], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dfu,_Tokyo Chōfu, Tokyo], Japan, in March 2017 against a field of 27 other programs including [[Zen (Go)|DeepZenGo]] and [[Crazy Stone]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Art_(software) Fine Art (software) from Wikipedia]</ref>. In January 2018, it defeated [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke_Jie Ke Jie] 9P in 77 moves after giving two stones [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap_(go) handicap] <ref>[http://www.intergofed.org/igf-news-feed/two-stones-fineart-defeated-ke-jie-9p-after-giving-two-stones-handicap.html Two stones! Fine Art defeated Ke Jie 9P after giving two stones handicap. – Website of The International Go Federation], January 19, 2018</ref> on ''Fox Weiqi'' <ref>[https://senseis.xmp.net/?GoServers#toc13 Go Servers at Sensei's Library - Fox Weiqi ]</ref> server <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/zu4rkk38MKY/euwgDm1ADAAJ Breakthrough: Fine Art beating Ke Jie with 2 Handicap Stones] by [[Ingo Althöfer]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], January 20, 2018</ref>.

=Quotes=
Quote by [[Gian-Carlo Pascutto]] in 2010 <ref>[http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/2010-June/000376.html Re: Chess vs Go // AI vs IA] by [[Gian-Carlo Pascutto]], June 02, 2010</ref>:
There is no significant difference between an [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta search]] with heavy [[Late Move Reductions|LMR]] and a [[Evaluation|static evaluator]] (current state of the art in chess) and an [[UCT]] searcher with a small exploration constant that does playouts (state of the art in go).

The shape of the [[Search Tree|tree]] they search is very similar. The main breakthrough in Go the last few years was how to backup an uncertain Monte Carlo score. This was solved. For chess this same problem was solved around the time [[Quiescence Search|quiescent search]] was developed.

Both are producing strong programs and we've proven for both the methods that they scale in strength as hardware speed goes up.

So I would say that we've successfully adopted the simple, brute force methods for chess to Go and they already work without increases in computer speed. The increases will make them progressively stronger though, and with further software tweaks they will eventually surpass humans.

=[[Computer Olympiad|Computer Olympiads]]=
* [[1st Computer Olympiad#Go|1st Computer Olympiad, London 1989]]
* [[2nd Computer Olympiad#Go|2nd Computer Olympiad, London 1990]]
* [[3rd Computer Olympiad#Go|3rd Computer Olympiad, Maastricht 1991]]
* [[4th Computer Olympiad#Go|4th Computer Olympiad, London 1992]]
* [[5th Computer Olympiad#Go|5th Computer Olympiad, London 2000]]
* [[7th Computer Olympiad#Go|7th Computer Olympiad, Maastricht 2002]]
* [[8th Computer Olympiad#Go|8th Computer Olympiad, Graz 2003]]
* [[9th Computer Olympiad#Go|9th Computer Olympiad, Ramat Gan 2004]]
* [[10th Computer Olympiad#Go|10th Computer Olympiad, Taipei 2005]]
* [[11th Computer Olympiad#Go|11th Computer Olympiad, Turin 2006]]
* [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go|12th Computer Olympiad, Amsterdam 2007]]
* [[13th Computer Olympiad#Go|13th Computer Olympiad, Beijing 2008]]
* [[14th Computer Olympiad#Go|14th Computer Olympiad, Pamplona 2009]]
* [[15th Computer Olympiad#Go|15th Computer Olympiad, Kanazawa 2010]]
* [[16th Computer Olympiad#Go|16th Computer Olympiad, Tilburg 2011]]
* [[17th Computer Olympiad#Go|17th Computer Olympiad, Yokohama 2013]]
* [[18th Computer Olympiad#Go|18th Computer Olympiad, Leiden 2015]]
* [[19th Computer Olympiad#Go|19th Computer Olympiad, Leiden 2016]]
* [[20th Computer Olympiad#Go|20th Computer Olympiad, Leiden 2017]]

=See also=
==Search==
* [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]]
* [[UCT]]
==Learning==
* [[Neural Networks]]
* [[Deep Learning]]
==Misc==
* [[Go (Programming Language)]]
* [[Matthieu Walraet#googolplex|A googolplex of Go games]]
* [[Phantom Go]]
==Videos on Go==
* [[Yizao Wang#Video|Yizao Wang Interview]] at the [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go|12th Computer Olympiad]] June 2007
* [[Sylvain Gelly#Video|Sylvain Gelly Interview]] at the [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go|12th Computer Olympiad]] June 2007
* [[Edward de Grijs#Video|Edward de Grijs Interview]] at the [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go|12th Computer Olympiad ]] June 2007
* [[Jaap van den Herik#Video|Jaap van den Herik Interview]] at the [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go|12th Computer Olympiad]] June 2007
* [[Go#AlphaGoHassabisVideo|Ground-breaking AlphaGo masters the game of Go]] January 2016
* [[Go#TheComputerThatMasteredGo|The computer that mastered Go]] Januar 2016
* [[Rémi Coulom#AlphaGo|Rémi Coulom Interview on AlphaGo]], February 2016
* [[CG 2016#Keynote|Keynote Lecture CG 2016 Conference by Aja Huang]] July 2016
* [[David Silver#AlphaGoZeroVideo|David Silver on AlphaGo Zero]]
* [[Petr Baudiš#AlphaGoZero|Petr Baudiš on AlphaGo Zero]]
* [[Go#FineArtVideo|Behind the scenes of Fine Art]] January 2018

=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~games/go/compgo_biblio/compgo_biblio.html Computer Go Bibliography], [[University of Alberta]]</ref>
==1960 ...==
* [[Jack Good]] ('''1965'''). ''[http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/p019.htm The Mystery of Go]''. [http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/overview.htm Literature: Reports] hosted by [[Atlas Computer Laboratory]]
==1970 ...==
* [[Albert Zobrist]] ('''1970'''). ''Feature Extraction and Representation for Pattern Recognition and the Game of Go''. Ph.D. Thesis (152 pp.), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison University of Wisconsin], also published as technical report, [http://www.cs.wisc.edu/techreports/1970/TR85.pdf pdf]
* [[Walter R. Reitman]], [[James Kerwin]], [[Robert Nado]], [[Judith Spencer Olson|Judith S. Reitman]], [[Bruce Wilcox]] ('''1974'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=810391 Goals and Plans in a Program for Playing Go]''. Proceedings of the 29th [[ACM]] Conference, reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4613-8756-5 Computer Games II]''. [http://books.google.com/books?id=aaoqAAAAMAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA18&ots=BJ98MzIWZ2&dq=Robert%20Nado%2C%20University%20of%20Michigan&hl=de&pg=RA1-PA18#v=onepage&q&f=true google books]
* [[Walter R. Reitman]], [[Bruce Wilcox]] ('''1975'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=810263&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=431288258&CFTOKEN=32228685 Perception and representation of spatial relations in a program for playing Go]''. Proceedings of the 30th [[ACM]] Conference, reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4613-8756-5 Computer Games II]''.
* [[Judith Spencer Olson|Judith S. Reitman]] ('''1976'''). ''[http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/21741 Skilled Perception in Go: Deducing Memory Structures from Inter-Response Times]''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/cognitive-psychology/ Cognitive Psychology], Vol. 8, No, 3
* [[Walter R. Reitman]], [[Bruce Wilcox]] ('''1977'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045396 Pattern Recognition and Pattern-Directed Inference in a Program for Playing Go]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]], No. 63, reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4613-8756-5 Computer Games II]''.
* Editor ('''1979'''). ''Computer GO Has Come''. [[Personal Computing#3_5|Personal Computing, Vol. 3, No. 5]], pp. 55
* [[Walter R. Reitman]], [[Bruce Wilcox]] ('''1979'''). ''Modelling Tactical Analysis and Problem Solving in Go''. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modelling and Simulation
* [[Walter R. Reitman]], [[Bruce Wilcox]] ('''1979'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1623078 The Structure and Performance of the INTERIM.2 Go Program]''. [[Conferences#IJCAI1979|IJCAI 1979]], reprinted in [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4613-8756-5 Computer Games II]''.
==1980 ...==
* Editor ('''1980'''). ''The Challenge of Computer Go''. [[Personal Computing#4_8|Personal Computing, Vol. 4, No. 8]], pp. 79
* Editor ('''1980'''). ''Zobrist Program in Action''. [[Personal Computing#4_8|Personal Computing, Vol. 4, No. 8]], pp. 81 » [[Albert Zobrist]]
* [[Bruce Wilcox]] ('''1985'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1056318 Reflections on building two Go programs]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART]] Bulletin, No. 94
* [[Anders Kierulf]] ('''1985'''). ''Smart Go Board: Algorithms for the Tactical Calculator''. Diploma thesis (unpublished), [[ETH Zurich]].
* [[David Levy]] (ed.) ('''1988'''). ''[http://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-1-4613-8756-5 Computer Games II]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer], ISBN: 978-1-4613-8756-5, Chapter 5 - Go
* [[Janusz Kraszek]] ('''1988'''). ''Heuristics in the life and death algorithm of a Go playing program''. Computer Go 9 (Winter 1988-89)
* [[Anders Kierulf]], [[Jürg Nievergelt]] ('''1989'''). ''Swiss Explorer blunders its way into winning the first computer Go Olympiad''. [[1st Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 1]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''1989'''). ''Group Identification in Computer Go''. [[1st Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 1]]
==1990==
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''1990'''). ''The Move Decision Process of Go Intellect'', Computer Go, No.14, pp. 9-17.
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Anders Kierulf]], [[Martin Müller]], [[Jürg Nievergelt]] ('''1990'''). ''The Design and Evolution of Go Explorer''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
* [[Kiyoshi Shirayanagi]] ('''1990'''). ''Knowledge Representation and its Refinement in Go Programs''. [[Computers, Chess, and Cognition]]
'''1991'''
* [[David Wolfe]] ('''1991'''). ''Mathematics of Go: Chilling Corridors''. Ph.D. thesis, [[University of California, Berkeley]], advisor [[Elwyn Berlekamp]]
* [[Bert Enderton|Herbert D. Enderton]] ('''1991'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=865074 The Golem Go Program]''. Technical Report CMU-CS-92-101, [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''1991'''). ''Go Intellect wins two Gold Medals''. [[2nd Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 2]]
* [[Barney Pell]] ('''1991'''). ''Exploratory Learning in the Game of GO''. [[2nd Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 2]]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''1991'''). ''Investigating Tsumego Problems with "RisiKo"''. [[2nd Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 2]]
'''1992'''
* [[Warren D. Smith]] ('''1992'''). ''Hash functions for Binary and Ternary Words''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC_Corporation_of_America NEC Research Institute], [http://scorevoting.net/WarrenSmithPages/homepage/gohash.ps ps]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''1992'''). ''Generating tsume go problems with GoTools''. [[4th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|Heuristic Programming in AI 4]] <ref>[http://lie.ac.brocku.ca/gotools/index.php?content=papers GoTools - TsumeGo Solving Software]</ref>
'''1993'''
* [[David Fotland]] ('''1993'''). ''[http://www.smart-games.com/knowpap.txt Knowledge representation in the Many Faces of Go]''.
* [[Bernd Brügmann]] ('''1993'''). ''Monte Carlo Go''. [http://www.ideanest.com/vegos/MonteCarloGo.pdf pdf] <ref>[http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/home/pett/go/Programs/Gobble.html Gobble]</ref>
'''1994'''
* [[Elwyn Berlekamp]], [[David Wolfe]] ('''1994'''). ''[https://math.berkeley.edu/~berlek/cgt/gobook.html Mathematical Go - Chilling Gets the Last Point]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_K_Peters,_Ltd. A K Peters Ltd.], also in paperback as ''Mathematical Go Endgames: Nightmares For the Professional Go Player''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishi_Press Ishi Press] <ref>[http://senseis.xmp.net/?MathematicalGo Mathematical Go] from [http://senseis.xmp.net/?About Sensei's Library]</ref>
* [[Nicol N. Schraudolph]], [[Peter Dayan]], [[Terrence J. Sejnowski]] ('''1994'''). ''[http://nic.schraudolph.org/bib2html/b2hd-SchDaySej94.html Temporal Difference Learning of Position Evaluation in the Game of Go]''. [http://papers.nips.cc/book/advances-in-neural-information-processing-systems-6-1993 Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6] <ref>[http://satirist.org/learn-game/systems/go-net.html Nici Schraudolph’s go networks], review by [[Jay Scott]]</ref>
==1995 ...==
* <span id="CSTR339"></span>[[Jay Burmeister]], [[Janet Wiles]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://staff.itee.uq.edu.au/janetw/Computer%20Go/CS-TR-339.html CS-TR-339 Computer Go Tech Report]''. Departments of Computer Science and Psychology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Queensland The University of Queensland], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Lucia,_Queensland QLD 4072], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia] (permanently - under construction)
* [[Jay Burmeister]], [[Janet Wiles]] ('''1995'''). ''The Challenge of Go as a Domain for AI Research: A Comparison Between Go and Chess''. In Proceedings of the Third Australian and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, [http://ewh.ieee.org/r10/w_australia/ IEEE Western Australia Section], [http://staff.itee.uq.edu.au/janetw/Computer%20Go/go-vs-chess.pdf pdf]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''1995'''). ''Learning and Problem Solving in Gogol, a Go playing program''. [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/cazenave95learning.pdf pdf]
'''1996'''
* [[Bruce Wilcox]], [http://brilligunderstanding.com/aboutus.html Sue Wilcox] ('''1996'''). ''[http://webpages.charter.net/suewilcox/EZGobook.htm EZ-GO-Oriental Strategy in a Nutshell]''. KI Press, ISBN13 978-0965223546 <ref>[http://senseis.xmp.net/?EZGo EZ-GO at Sensei's Library]</ref>
* [[Markus Enzenberger]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~emarkus/neurogo/neurogo1996.html The Integration of A Priori Knowledge into a Go Playing Neural Network]''.
* [[Martin Müller]], [[Ralph Gasser]] ('''1996'''). ''Experiments in Computer Go Endgames''. [http://library.msri.org/books/Book29/index.html Games of No Chance] edited by [[Richard J. Nowakowski]]
* [[Martin Müller]], [[Elwyn Berlekamp]], [http://senseis.xmp.net/?Bill Bill Spight] ('''1996'''). ''Generalized thermography: Algorithms, implementation, and application to Go endgames''. Technical Report 96-030, ICSI Berkeley, 1996. [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~mmueller/ps/tr-96-030a.ps.gz postscript]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''1996'''). ''Shared concepts between complex systems and the game of Go''. [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/shared96.pdf pdf]
'''1997'''
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''1997'''). ''Gogol (an Analytical Learning Program)''. [http://www.ijcai.org/past/ijcai-97/ IJCAI'97], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/fost97.pdf pdf]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''1997'''). ''Using the Object Oriented Paradigm to Model Context in Computer Go''. Context'97, [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/context97.pdf pdf]
'''1998'''
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''1998'''). ''Heuristic Search in Go Game Tree'', Proceedings of Joint Conference on Information Sciences ’98, Vol. II, pp. 274-278. The Association for Intelligent Machinery, Inc. ISBN 0-9643456-7-6.
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''1998'''). ''Integration of Different Reasoning Modes in a Go Playing and Learning System''. [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/multimodal98.pdf pdf]
* [[Bill Spight]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_16 Extended Thermography for Multiple Kos in Go]''. [[CG 1998]]
* [[Martin Müller]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_17 Computer Go: A Research Agenda]''. [[CG 1998]]
* [[Shinichi Sei]], [[Toshiaki Kawashima]] ('''1998'''). ''Memory-Based Approach in Go-program KATSUNARI''. Fujitsu Social Science Laboratory, [http://usapyon.game.coocan.jp/katsunari/paper/cg98ws.pdf pdf]
* [[Morihiko Tajima]], [[Noriaki Sanechika]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_18 Estimating the Possible Omission Number for Groups in Go by the Number of n -th Dame]''. [[CG 1998]]
'''1999'''
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Zhixing Chen]] ('''1999'''). ''Static Analysis of Life and Death in the Game of Go''. [https://www.journals.elsevier.com/information-sciences Information Sciences], Vol. 121, Nos. 1-2, [https://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~games/go/seminar/2002/020703/ld.pdf pdf]
==2000 ...==
* [[Thomas Thomsen]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-45579-5_2 Lambda-Search in Game Trees - with Application to Go]''. [[CG 2000]] also published in [[ICGA Journal#23_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4]], winning the 2001 [[ICGA Journal#JournalAward|ICGA Journal Award]], [http://www.t-t.dk/publications/lambda_icga.pdf preprint as pdf] » [[Lambda-Search]]
* [[Jan Ramon]], [[Tom Francis]], [[Hendrik Blockeel]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-45579-5_10 Learning a Go Heuristic with Tilde]''. [[CG 2000]]
* [[Martin Müller]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-45579-5_27 Review: Computer Go 1984–2000]''. [[CG 2000]]
* [[Jay Burmeister]] ('''2000'''). ''Studies in Human and Computer Go: Assessing the Game of Go as a Research Domain for Cognitive Science''. Ph.D. thesis, School of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering and School of Psychology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Queensland The University of Queensland], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia], [http://staff.itee.uq.edu.au/janetw/Computer%20Go/PhD_thesis.pdf pdf]
* [[Jay Burmeister]], [[Yasuki Saito]], [[Atsushi Yoshikawa]], [[Janet Wiles]] ('''2000''') ''Memory Performance of Master Go Players''. in [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Hiroyuki Iida]] (eds.) ('''2000'''). ''Games in AI Research''. pp. 271-286
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2000'''). ''Some Practical Techniques for Global Search in Go''. [[ICGA Journal#23_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2]]
* [[Kuo-Yuan Kao]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025599000948 Mean and Temperature Search for Go Endgames]''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/journals/isci/isci122.html#Kao00 Information Sciences, Vol. 122, No. 1]
* [[Marcel Crâsmaru]], [[John Tromp]] ('''2000'''). ''Ladders Are PSPACE-Complete''. [[CG 2000]]
* [[Shinichi Sei]], [[Toshiaki Kawashima]] ('''2000'''). ''[http://usapyon.game.coocan.jp/katsunari/paper/4x4e.txt A Solution of Go on 4x4 Board by Game Tree Search Program]''. Fujitsu Social Science Laboratory, [http://usapyon.game.coocan.jp/katsunari/paper/4x4.pdf Japanese pdf]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2000'''). ''Forward Pruning and Other Heuristic Search Techniques in Tsume Go''. Special Issue of [https://www.journals.elsevier.com/information-sciences Information Sciences], Vol. 122, No. 1, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/citations;jsessionid=655E3C3AD2BA97A6C4957AC83CE6D59D?doi=10.1.1.45.5593 CiteSeerX]
'''2001'''
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2001'''). ''Go Patterns Generated by Retrograde Analysis''. [[6th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|6th Computer Olympiad Workshop]], [http://www.mi.parisdescartes.fr/~bouzy/publications/RAGO.pdf pdf]
* [[Erik van der Werf]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2001'''). ''Visual Learning in Go''. [[6th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|6th Computer Olympiad Workshop]], [http://erikvanderwerf.tengen.nl/pubdown/visual_learning_in_go.pdf pdf]
* [[Nicol N. Schraudolph]], [[Peter Dayan]], [[Terrence J. Sejnowski]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://nic.schraudolph.org/bib2html/b2hd-SchDaySej01.html Learning to Evaluate Go Positions via Temporal Difference Methods]''. in [[Norio Baba]], [[Lakhmi C. Jain]] (eds.) ('''2001'''). ''[http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/7/1/reviews/takama.html Computational Intelligence in Games, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing]''. [http://www.springer.com/economics?SGWID=1-165-6-73481-0 Physica-Verlag], revised version of [[Nicol N. Schraudolph#1994|1994 paper]]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2001'''). ''Generating Patterns with External Conditions for the Game of Go''. [[Advances in Computer Games 9]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/acg9-final.pdf pdf]
* [[Jeng-Chi Yan]], [[Shun-Chin Hsu]] ('''2001'''). ''A Positional Judgment System for computer Go''. [[Advances in Computer Games 9]]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2001'''). ''Computer Go: an AI-oriented Survey''. Artificial Intelligence Journal, Vol. 132, [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/APS-final.pdf pdf]
* [[Alex B. Meijer]], [[Henk Koppelaar]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://www.kbs.twi.tudelft.nl/Publications/Conference/2001/2001-MeijerKoppelaar-GAMEON01.html A learning architecture for the game of Go]''. [https://www.informs.org/Attend-a-Conference/Conference-Calendar/Game-On-2001 Game-On 2001]
* [[Alex B. Meijer]], [[Henk Koppelaar]] ('''2001'''). ''[http://www.kbs.twi.tudelft.nl/Publications/Conference/2001/2001-MeijerKoppelaar-BNAIC01.html Pursuing abstract goals in the game of Go]''. [http://hcs.science.uva.nl/bnaic01/ BNAIC 2001]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2001'''). ''Computer Go: Knowledge, Search, and Move Decision''. [[ICGA Journal#24_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 4]], [http://www.coit.uncc.edu/drchen/Papers/ComputerGo.pdf pdf]
'''2002'''
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2002'''). ''Admissible Moves in Two-Player Games''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/sara/sara2002.html#Cazenave02 SARA 2002], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/admissibleSARA2002.pdf pdf]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2002'''). ''GO4++ wins 19x19 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#25_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3]] » [[7th Computer Olympiad#Go|7th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]] ('''2002'''). ''GO4++ wins 9x9 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#25_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3]] » [[7th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|7th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]] ('''2002'''). ''Solving Ponnuki-Go on Small Boards''. [[7th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|7th Computer Olympiad Workshop]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2002'''). ''Solving Ponnuki-Go on Small Boards''. BNAIC’02, [http://erikvanderwerf.tengen.nl/pubdown/Solving_Ponnuki-Go_BNAIC2002.pdf pdf]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-40031-8_25 A Small Go Board Study of Metric and Dimensional Evaluation Functions]''. [[CG 2002]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Eric Postma]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-40031-8_26 Local Move Prediction in Go]''. [[CG 2002]]
* [[Bill Spight]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-40031-8_27 Evaluating Kos in a Neutral Threat Environment: Preliminary Results]''. [[CG 2002]]
* [[Teigo Nakamura]], [[Elwyn Berlekamp]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-40031-8_15 Analysis of Composite Corridors]''. [[CG 2002]]
* [[David Fotland]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content25-4.htm#STATIC%20EYE Static Eye in "The Many Faces of Go"]''. [[ICGA Journal#25_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4]]
* [[Zhixing Chen]] ('''2002'''). ''Semi-Empirical Quantitative Theory of Go Part I: Estimation of the Influence of a Wall''. [[ICGA Journal#25_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4]]
* [[Martin Müller]] ('''2002'''). ''Position Evaluation in Computer Go''. [[ICGA Journal#25_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4]]
* [[David Wolfe]] ('''2002'''). ''Go endgames are PSPACE-hard''. in [[Richard J. Nowakowski]] (ed) ('''2002'''). ''[http://library.msri.org/books/Book42/ More Games of No Chance]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press]
'''2003'''
* [[Matthew Pratola]], [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2003'''). ''[http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content26-1.htm#GOTOOLS Optimizing GOTOOLS' Search Heuristics using Genetic Algorithms]''. [[ICGA Journal#26_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1]], also [https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0302002 arXiv:cs/0302002] » [[Genetic Programming]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2003'''). ''Soft decomposition search and binary game forest model for move decision in Go'', Information Sciences, Vol. 154, Issues 3-4, 157-172, [http://www.coit.uncc.edu/drchen/Papers/SoftDecomposition.pdf pdf]
* [[Markus Enzenberger]] ('''2003'''). ''[http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~emarkus/neurogo/neurogo3/index.html Evaluation in Go by a Neural Network using Soft Segmentation]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~emarkus/publications/neurogo3.pdf pdf]
* [[Akihiro Kishimoto]], [[Martin Müller]]. ('''2003'''). ''Df-pn in Go: An Application to the One-Eye Problem''. [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://www.fun.ac.jp/%7Ekishi/pdf_file/acg_kishimoto_mueller.pdf pdf] » [[Proof-Number Search]] <ref>[http://senseis.xmp.net/?Tsumego Tsumego at Sensei's Library]</ref>
* [[Bruno Bouzy]], [[Bernard Helmstetter]] ('''2003'''). ''Monte Carlo Go Developments''. [[Advances in Computer Games 10]], [http://www.ai.univ-paris8.fr/~bh/articles/acg10-mcgo.pdf pdf]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2003'''). ''Mathematical morphology applied to computer go''. IJPRAI Vol. 17, No. 2
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2003'''). ''The move decision strategy of Indigo''. [[ICGA Journal#26_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2003'''). ''The Way to Go is Bottom Up''. [[ICGA Journal#26_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2003'''). ''Solving Go on Small Boards''. [[ICGA Journal#26_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2]], [http://erikvanderwerf.tengen.nl/pubdown/solving_go_on_small_boards.pdf pdf]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2003'''). ''GNUGo wins 19x19 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#26_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4]] » [[8th Computer Olympiad#Go|8th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]] ('''2003'''). ''Aya wins 9x9 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#26_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4]] » [[8th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|8th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Alex B. Meijer]], [[Henk Koppelaar]] ('''2003'''). ''Towards Multi-Objective Game Theory - with Application to Go''. [http://www.eurosis.org/conf/gameon/gameon2003/ Game-On 2003], [http://www.mmi.tudelft.nl/pub/alex/meijer-gameon03.pdf pdf]
'''2004'''
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11674399_5 Associating Shallow and Selective Global Tree Search with Monte Carlo for 9 × 9 Go]''. [[CG 2004]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11674399_6 Learning to Estimate Potential Territory in the Game of Go]''. [[CG 2004]], [http://erikvanderwerf.tengen.nl/pubdown/predicting_territory.pdf pdf]
* [[Xiaozhen Niu]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11674399_7 An Improved Safety Solver for Computer Go]''. [[CG 2004]]
* [[Jan Ramon]], [[Tom Croonenborghs]] ('''2004'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11674399_8 Searching for Compound Goals Using Relevancy Zones in the Game of Go]''. [[CG 2004]]
* [[David Fotland]] ('''2004'''). ''Go Intellect wins 19x19 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#27_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 3]] » [[9th Computer Olympiad#Go|9th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2004'''). ''Go Intellect wins 9x9 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#27_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 3]] » [[9th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|9th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Erik van der Werf]] ('''2004'''). ''AI techniques for the game of Go.'' Ph.D. thesis, [[Maastricht University|Universiteit Maastricht]], Maastricht, The Netherlands. ISBN 90 5278 445 0, [http://erikvanderwerf.tengen.nl/pubdown/thesis_erikvanderwerf.pdf pdf]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2004'''). ''Toward a go player computational model.'' Habilitation to Supervise Research document, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_VI_University Paris 6 University]
==2005 ...==
* [[Tristan Cazenave]], [[Bernard Helmstetter]] ('''2005'''). ''Combining tactical search and Monte-Carlo in the game of Go''. IEEE [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/cig/cig2005.html#CazenaveH05 CIG 2005], [http://www.ai.univ-paris8.fr/~bh/articles/searchmcgo.pdf pdf], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/searchmcgo.pdf pdf]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2005'''). ''The separation game''. JCIS 2005, [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/separation.pdf pdf]
* [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Jr-Chang Chen]] ('''2005'''). ''Handtalk III wins 19x19 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#28_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 3]] » [[10th Computer Olympiad#Go|10th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Jeng-Chi Yan]] ('''2005'''). ''Go Intellect wins 9x9 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#28_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 3]] » [[10th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|10th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Xiaozhen Niu]], [[Akihiro Kishimoto]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11922155_7 Recognizing Seki in Computer Go]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 11]]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2005'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11922155_8 Move-Pruning Techniques for Monte-Carlo Go]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 11]]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2005'''). ''Associating domain-dependent knowledge and Monte Carlo approaches within a go program''. Information Sciences, Heuristic Search and Computer Game Playing IV
'''2006'''
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Peigang Zhang]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_3 A New Heuristic Search Algorithm for Capturing Problems in Go]''. [[CG 2006]]
* [[Xiaozhen Niu]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_4 An Open Boundary Safety-of-Territory Solver for the Game of Go]''. [[CG 2006]]
* [[Jahn-Takeshi Saito]], [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_5 Monte-Carlo Proof-Number Search for Computer Go]''. [[CG 2006]]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_6 Virtual Global Search: Application to 9×9 Go]''. [[CG 2006]]
* [[Rémi Coulom]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://remi.coulom.free.fr/CG2006/ Efficient Selectivity and Backup Operators in Monte-Carlo Tree Search]''. [[CG 2006]], [http://remi.coulom.free.fr/CG2006/CG2006.pdf pdf]
* [[John Tromp]], [[Gunnar Farnebäck]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-75538-8_8 Combinatorics of Go]''. [[CG 2006]]
* [[Rémi Coulom]], [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2006'''). ''Crazy Stone wins 9x9 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]] » [[11th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|11th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Rémi Coulom]], [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2006'''). ''Gnu Go wins 19x19 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#29_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2]] » [[11th Computer Olympiad#Go|11th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Bruno Bouzy]] ('''2006'''). ''History and Territory Heuristics for Monte-Carlo Go''. New Mathematics and Natural Computation
* [[Haruhiro Yoshimoto]], [[Kazuki Yoshizoe]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Akihiro Kishimoto]], [[Kenjiro Taura]] ('''2006'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1597359 Monte Carlo Go Has a Way to Go]''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/aaai/aaai2006.html#YoshimotoYKKT06 AAAI 2006], [http://www.aaai.org/Papers/AAAI/2006/AAAI06-168.pdf pdf]
* [[Julio César Hernández-Castro]], [[Ignacio Blasco-López]], [[Juan M. Estevez-Tapiador]], [[Arturo Ribagorda-Garnacho]] ('''2006'''). ''Steganography in games: A general methodology and its application to the game of Go''. [http://www.journals.elsevier.com/computers-and-security/ Computers & Security], Vol. 25, [http://www.azlaha.com/stegogo.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography steganography from Wikipedia]</ref>
'''2007'''
* [[Kazuki Yoshizoe]], [[Akihiro Kishimoto]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2007'''). ''Lambda Depth-First Proof-Number Search and Its Application to Go''. 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ([http://www.ijcai-07.org/ IJCAI-07]), [http://www.fun.ac.jp/%7Ekishi/pdf_file/yoshizoe-ijcai07.pdf pdf] » [[Proof-Number Search]]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2007'''). ''Playing the Right Atari''. [[ICGA Journal#30_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/twoliberties.pdf pdf]
* [[Erik van der Werf]] ('''2007'''). ''Steenvreter wins 9x9 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#30_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2]] » [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9]]
* [[Sylvain Gelly]], [[Yizao Wang]] ('''2007'''). ''MoGo wins 19x19 Go tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#30_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2]] » [[12th Computer Olympiad#Go]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Peigang Zhang]] ('''2007'''). ''Monte-Carlo Go with Knowledge-Guided Simulations''. [[CGW 2007]]
* [[Esa A. Seuranen]] ('''2007'''). ''Introducing Playing Style to Computer Go''. [[CGW 2007]], [http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2011/isbn9789526043708/article5.pdf pdf]
* [[Thomas Wolf]], [[Lei Shen]] ('''2007'''). ''Checking Life & Death Problems in Go. I: The Program SCANLD''. [[CGW 2007]], [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1d5a/ad6844f61286d1954a67a28f970ed364d2f5.pdf pdf]
* [[Rémi Coulom]] ('''2007'''). ''[http://remi.coulom.free.fr/Amsterdam2007/ Computing Elo Ratings of Move Patterns in the Game of Go]''. [[CGW 2007]]
* [[Rémi Coulom]] ('''2007'''). ''Computing Elo Ratings of Move Patterns in the Game of Go''. [[ICGA Journal#30_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 30, No. 4]], [http://remi.coulom.free.fr/Amsterdam2007/icgaj.pdf pdf]
* [[Nobuo Araki]], [[Kazuhiro Yoshida]], [[Yoshimasa Tsuruoka]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun'ichi_Tsujii Jun'ichi Tsujii] ('''2007'''). ''Move Prediction in Go with the Maximum Entropy Method''. [http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/cig/2007/index.jsp?page=papers.html CIG 2007], [http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/cig/2007/papers/2070.pdf pdf]
'''2008'''
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Peigang Zhang]] ('''2008'''). ''Monte-Carlo Go with Knowledge-Guided Simulations''. [[ICGA Journal#31_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 31, No. 2]]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-87608-3_5 Multi-player Go]''. [[CG 2008]]
* [[Ling Zhao]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-87608-3_8 Using Artificial Boundaries in the Game of Go]''. [[CG 2008]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Dawei Du]], [[Peigang Zhang]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-87608-3_9 A Fast Indexing Method for Monte-Carlo Go]''. [[CG 2008]]
* [[Xiaozhen Niu]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-87608-3_10 An Improved Safety Solver in Go Using Partial Regions]''. [[CG 2008]]
* [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Shang-Rong Tsai]], [[Shun-Chin Hsu]] ('''2008'''). ''Human-Computer Go Revolution 2008''. [[ICGA Journal#31_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3]]
* [[Shogo Takeuchi]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Kazunori Yamaguchi]] ('''2008'''). ''Evaluation of Monte Carlo tree search and the application to Go''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/cig/cig2008.html CIG 2008]
* [[Peigang Zhang]], [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1793005708001136 Monte-Carlo Go Capturing Tactic Search]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mathematics_and_Natural_Computation New Mathematics and Natural Computation], Vol. 4, No. 3
* [[Ilya Sutskever]], [[Vinod Nair]] ('''2008'''). ''Mimicking Go Experts with Convolutional Neural Networks''. [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icann/icann2008-2.html#SutskeverN08 ICANN 2008], [http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~ilya/pubs/2008/go_paper.pdf pdf]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2008'''). ''[http://senseis.xmp.net/?MasteringLadders Mastering Ladders]''. [http://senseis.xmp.net/?SlateAndShell Slate & Shell]
'''2009'''
* [[Esa A. Seuranen]] ('''2009'''). ''Entropy in Go''. [[ICGA Journal#32_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 32, No. 1]]
* [[Mark Winands]] ('''2009'''). ''Many Faces of Go wins 9x9 and 19x19 Go tournaments''. [[ICGA Journal#32_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 32, No. 1]] » [[13th Computer Olympiad#Go|13th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Markus Enzenberger]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/research/theses-publications/technical-reports/2009/tr09-08 Fuego - An Open-source Framework for Board Games and Go Engine Based on Monte-Carlo Tree Search]''. [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/system/files/tech_report/2009/TR09-08.pdf pdf]
* [[Martin Müller]] ('''2009'''). ''[https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/vm40xs882 Fuego at the Computer Olympiad in Pamplona 2009: A Tournament Report]''. TR09-09, [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8fba/eb0b4773040c1ff86e0796843555a716da6a.pdf pdf]
* [[Rémi Coulom]] ('''2009'''). ''The Monte-Carlo Revolution in Go''. JFFoS'2008: Japanese-French Frontiers of Science Symposium, [http://remi.coulom.free.fr/JFFoS/JFFoS.pdf slides as pdf]
* [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Shang-Rong Tsai]], [[Shun-Chin Hsu]], [[Tzung-Pei Hong]] ('''2009'''). ''[http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00369786/ The Computational Intelligence of MoGo Revealed in Taiwan's Computer Go Tournaments]''. [http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/36/97/86/PDF/TCIAIG-2008-0010_Accepted_.pdf pdf]
* [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Tzung-Pei Hong]], [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Yau-Hwang Kuo]] ('''2009'''). ''A Novel Ontology for Computer Go Knowledge Management''. IEEE FUZZ (2009), [http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/38/64/76/PDF/fuzz.pdf pdf]
* [[Vincent Berthier]], [[Amine Bourki]], [[Matthieu Coulm]], [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Christophe Fiter]], [[Sylvain Gelly]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Rémi Munos]], [[Julien Pérez]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Philippe Rolet]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Paul Vayssière]], [[Yizao Wang]], [[Ziqin Yu]] (et al.) ('''2009'''). ''Computer-Go is not only for Go''. Korea, August 2009 [http://www.lri.fr/~teytaud/korea.pdf slides as pdf]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2009'''). ''Fuego wins 9x9 Go tournaments''. [[ICGA Journal#32_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2]] » [[14th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|14th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]] ('''2009'''). ''Zen wins 19x19 Go tournaments''. [[ICGA Journal#32_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2]] » [[14th Computer Olympiad#Go|14th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[John Tromp]], [[Gunnar Farnebäck]] ('''2009'''). ''Combinatorics of Go''. (revisited version of the [[CG 2006]] paper)
* [[Keh-Hsun Chen|Ken Chen]], [[Dawei Du]], [[Peigang Zhang]] ('''2009'''). ''Monte-Carlo Tree Search and Computer Go''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/series/sci/sci251.html#ChenDZ09 Advances in Information and Intelligent Systems 2009]
* [[Seth Pellegrino]], [[Andrew Hubbard]], [[Jason Galbraith]], [[Peter D. Drake]], [[Yung-Pin Chen]] ('''2009'''). ''Localizing Search in Monte-Carlo Go using Statistical Covariance.'' [[ICGA Journal#32_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 32, No. 3]]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2009'''). ''A library of eyes in Go, I: A life & death definition consistent with `bent-4'''. in [[Michael H. Albert]], [[Richard J. Nowakowski]] (eds) ('''2009'''). ''[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11519909-games-of-no-chance-3 Games of No Chance 3]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press], [http://library.msri.org/books/Book56/files/26wolf.pdf pdf]
* [[Thomas Wolf]], [[Matthew Pratola]] ('''2009'''). ''A library of eyes in Go, II: Monolithic eyes''. in [[Michael H. Albert]], [[Richard J. Nowakowski]] (eds) ('''2009'''). ''[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11519909-games-of-no-chance-3 Games of No Chance 3]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press Cambridge University Press], [http://library.msri.org/books/Book56/files/27wolf.pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [[Frank Karger]], [[Michael Babar]] ('''2010'''). ''MyGoFriend wins Go 9x9 Tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#33_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3]] » [[15th Computer Olympiad#Go9x9|15th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Shih-Chieh Huang]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]] ('''2010'''). ''Many Faces of Go wins Go 13x13 Tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#33_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3]] » [[15th Computer Olympiad#Go13x13|15th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[David Fotland]] ('''2010'''). ''Erica wins Go 19x19 Tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#33_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3]] » [[15th Computer Olympiad#Go|15th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Shih-Chieh Huang]], [[Rémi Coulom]], [[Shun-Shii Lin]] ('''2010'''). ''Monte-Carlo Simulation Balancing applied to 9x9 Go''. [[ICGA Journal#33_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 4]]
* [[Krzysztof Krawiec]], [[Marcin Szubert]] ('''2010'''). ''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=5586054 Coevolutionary Temporal Difference Learning for small-board Go]''. [[IEEE#EC|IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation]]
* [[Hendrik Baier]] ('''2010'''). ''Adaptive Playout Policies for Monte-Carlo Go''. Master's thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Osnabr%C3%BCck University of Osnabrück], [http://www.ke.tu-darmstadt.de/lehre/arbeiten/master/2010/Baier_Hendrik.pdf pdf]
* [[Hendrik Baier]], [[Peter D. Drake]] ('''2010'''). ''The power of forgetting: Improving the last-good-reply policy in Monte Carlo Go''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games]], Vol. 2, No. 4
* [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Yu-Jen Chen]], [[Cheng-Wei Chou]], [[Guillaume Chaslot]], [[Jean-Baptiste Hoock]], [[Arpad Rimmel]], [[Hassen Doghmen]] ('''2010'''). ''An ontology-based fuzzy inference system for computer Go applications''. [http://www.ijfs.org.tw/ International Journal of Fuzzy Systems], Vol. 12, No. 2, [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cheng_Wei_Chou/publication/265231387_An_Ontology-based_Fuzzy_Inference_System_for_Computer_Go_Applications/links/5498343f0cf2c5a7e342a903.pdf pdf]
'''2011'''
* [[Abdallah Saffidine]] ('''2011'''). ''Moccos wins the Panthom-Go Tournament''. [[ICGA Journal#34_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 34, No. 1]] » [[15th Computer Olympiad#PanthomGo|15th Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''2011'''). ''John Tromp in the Style of David Levy: 4-0 win in the Go bet''. [[ICGA Journal#34_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 34, No. 2]] » [[John Tromp]] <ref>[http://dcook.org/gobet/ The Shodan Go Bet]</ref>
* [[Shih-Chieh Huang]], [[Rémi Coulom]], [[Shun-Shii Lin]] ('''2011'''). ''Time Management for Monte-Carlo Tree Search Applied to the Game of Go''. TAAI 2010, [http://remi.coulom.free.fr/Publications/TimeManagement.pdf pdf]
* [[Shih-Chieh Huang]] ('''2011'''). ''New Heuristics for Monte Carlo Tree Search Applied to the Game of Go''. Ph.D. thesis, [http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/~coulom/Aja_PhD_Thesis.pdf pdf]
* [[Hendrik Baier]], [[Mark Winands]] ('''2011'''). ''Active Opening Book Application for Monte-Carlo Tree Search in 19x19 Go''. [http://allserv.kahosl.be/bnaic2011/ BNAIC 2011], [https://dke.maastrichtuniversity.nl/m.winands/documents/bnaic2011Baier.pdf pdf]
* [[Petr Baudiš]], [[Jean-Loup Gailly]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31866-5_3 Pachi: State of the Art Open Source Go Program]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Hendrik Baier]], [[Mark Winands]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31866-5_4 Time Management for Monte-Carlo Tree Search in Go]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Cheng-Wei Chou]], [[Ping-Chiang Chou]], [[Hassen Doghmen]], [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Tsan-Cheng Su]], [[Fabien Teytaud]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Hui-Ming Wang]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Li-Wen Wu]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31866-5_8 Towards a Solution of 7x7 Go with Meta-MCTS]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Henry Brausen]], [[Ryan Hayward|Ryan B. Hayward]], [[Martin Müller]], [[Abdul Qadir]], [[David Spies]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-31866-5_19 Blunder Cost in Go and Hex]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Jiao Wang]], [[Shiyuan Li]], [[Jitong Chen]], [[Xin Wei]], [[Huizhan Lv]], [[Xinhe Xu]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-31866-5_10?LI=true#page-1 4*4-Pattern and Bayesian Learning in Monte-Carlo Go]''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]]
* [[Sylvain Gelly]], [[David Silver]] ('''2011'''). ''Monte-Carlo tree search and rapid action value estimation in computer Go''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_%28journal%29 Artificial Intelligence], Vol. 175, No. 11
* [[Łukasz Lew]] ('''2011'''). ''Modeling Go Game as a Large Decomposable Decision Process''. Ph.D. thesis, [[University of Warsaw]]
* [[Krzysztof Krawiec]], [[Wojciech Jaśkowski]], [[Marcin Szubert]] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/amcs.2011.21.issue-4/v10006-011-0057-3/v10006-011-0057-3.xml Evolving small-board Go players using Coevolutionary Temporal Difference Learning with Archives]''. [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/amcs Applied Mathematics and Computer Science], Vol. 21, No. 4
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2011'''). ''A Dynamical Systems Approach for Static Evaluation in Go''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games]], Vol. 3, No 2, also [https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.4220 arXiv:1108.4220] <ref>[http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/2014-December/007016.html Re: Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go] by [[Erik van der Werf]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], December 15, 2014</ref>
'''2012'''
* [[Sylvain Gelly]], [[Marc Schoenauer]], [[Michèle Sebag]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Levente Kocsis]], [[David Silver]], [[Csaba Szepesvári]] ('''2012'''). ''[http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2093548.2093574 The Grand Challenge of Computer Go: Monte Carlo Tree Search and Extensions]''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 55, No. 3, [http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/D.Silver/web/Applications_files/grand-challenge.pdf pdf preprint]
* [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]] ('''2012'''). ''Human vs. Machine Go Competitions in IEEE WCCI 2012''. [[ICGA Journal#35_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 35, No. 4]]
* [[Ching-Nung Lin]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]] ('''2012'''). ''The Computer Go Tournaments in TCGA 2012''. [[ICGA Journal#35_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 35, No. 4]]
* [[Ping-Chiang Chou]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Cheng-Wei Chou]], [[Ching-Nung Lin]], [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Hassen Doghmen]] ('''2012'''). ''[https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00766190 A simple Tsumego Generator]''. [[Conferences#GPW17|GPW 2012]]
'''2013'''
* [[Cheng-Wei Chou]], [[Ching-Nung Lin]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Hideki Kato]], [[Jr-Chang Chen]] ('''2013'''). ''The 6th GPW Cup 9x9 and 13x13 Computer Go Tournaments''. [[ICGA Journal#36_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1]]
* [[Ching-Nung Lin]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]] ('''2013'''). ''The TAAI 2012 Computer Go Tournaments and Human vs. Computer Go Competition''. [[ICGA Journal#36_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 1]]
* [[Mark Boon]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://www.ai-express.net/?p=6 The Beginning of Computer-Go Programs]''. [[ICGA Journal#36_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 2]]
* [[Kokolo Ikeda]], [[Simon Viennot]] ('''2013'''). ''Production of various strategies and position control for Monte-Carlo Go - Entertaining human players''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/cig/cig2013.html#IkedaV13 CIG 2013]
* [[Shih-Chieh Huang]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2013'''). ''Investigating the Limits of Monte Carlo Tree Search Methods in Computer Go''. [[CG 2013]]
* [[Tobias Graf]], [[Lars Schaefers]], [[Marco Platzner]] ('''2013'''). ''On Semeai Detection in Monte-Carlo Go''. [[CG 2013]], [http://www.cs.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/Informatik/AG-Platzner/publications/graf13_cg/graf13_cg.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capturing_race Capturing race from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [[Sumudo Fernando]], [[Martin Müller]] ('''2013'''). ''Analyzing Simulations in Monte-Carlo Tree Search for the Game of Go''. [[CG 2013]]
* [[David Silver]], [[Richard Sutton]], [[Martin Müller|Martin Mueller]] ('''2013'''). ''Temporal-Difference Search in Computer Go''. Proceedings of the [http://icaps13.icaps-conference.org/technical-program/workshop-program/planning-and-learning/ ICAPS-13 Workshop on Planning and Learning], [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~sutton/papers/SSM-ICAPS-13.pdf pdf]
* [[Katja Grace]] ('''2013'''). ''Algorithmic Progress in Six Domains''. Technical report 2013-3, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute Machine Intelligence Research Institute], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California Berkeley, CA], [http://intelligence.org/files/AlgorithmicProgress.pdf pdf], 5 [[Games|Game Playing]], 5.1 [[Chess]], 5.2 [[Go]], 9 [[Learning|Machine Learning]]
* [[Chun-Hsiang Hsieh]], [[Jeng-Chi Yan]] ('''2013'''). ''[http://www.ijiet.org/show-39-348-1.html The Design and Development of a 9 by 9 GO Opening Game Knowledge Base System]''. [http://www.ijiet.org/ International Journal of Information and Education Technology], Vol. 3, No. 4
'''2014'''
* [[Lars Schaefers]] ('''2014'''). ''Parallel Monte-Carlo Tree Search for HPC Systems and its Application to Computer Go''. Ph.D. thesis, [[University of Paderborn]], advisors [[Marco Platzner]], [[Ulf Lorenz]], [http://www.althofer.de/phd-thesis-schaefers.pdf pdf], [https://www.dropbox.com/s/x0lh7ky5lvj6c1y/PhdThesisSchaefers.pdf pdf]
* [[S. Ali Mirsoleimani]], [[Aske Plaat]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Jos Vermaseren]] ('''2014'''). ''Performance analysis of a 240 thread tournament level MCTS Go program on the Intel Xeon Phi''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.4297 CoRR abs/1409.4297] » [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search|MCTS]], [[Parallel Search]], [[x86-64]]
* [[Christopher Clark]], [[Amos Storkey]] ('''2014'''). ''Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3409 arXiv:1412.3409] » [[Go#CNN|DCNN in Go]]
* [[Chris J. Maddison]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Ilya Sutskever]], [[David Silver]] ('''2014'''). ''Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6564v1 arXiv:1412.6564v1] » [[Go#CNN|DCNN in Go]]
* [[Ingo Althöfer]], [[Raymond Georg Snatzke]] ('''2014'''). ''The codecentric Go Challenge 2014: Franz-Josef Dickhut vs. CRAZY STONE''. [[ICGA Journal#37_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 37, No. 4]] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz-Josef_Dickhut Franz-Josef Dickhut from Wikipedia], [[Rémi Coulom]]</ref> <ref>[https://blog.codecentric.de/en/2014/10/codecentric-go-challenge-2014-interviews-franz-josef-dickhut-remi-coulom/ codecentric go challenge 2014: Interviews with Franz-Josef Dickhut and Rémi Coulom - codecentric Blog] by [[Raymond Georg Snatzke]], October 1, 2014</ref> <ref>[https://blog.codecentric.de/en/2014/11/codecentric-go-challenge-2014-final-interviews/ codecentric go challenge 2014: Final Interviews - codecentric Blog] by [[Raymond Georg Snatzke]], November 27, 2014 (German)</ref>
==2015 ...==
* [[Olivier Teytaud]], [[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]] ('''2015'''). ''The complexities of Go''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]]
* [[Kokolo Ikeda]], [[Takanari Shishido]], [[Simon Viennot]] ('''2015'''). ''Machine-Learning of Shape Names for the Game of Go''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]]
* [[Yuandong Tian]], [[Yan Zhu]] ('''2015'''). ''Better Computer Go Player with Neural Network and Long-term Prediction''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06410 arXiv:1511.06410] <ref>[http://www.technologyreview.com/view/544181/how-facebooks-ai-researchers-built-a-game-changing-go-engine/?utm_campaign=socialsync&utm_medium=social-post&utm_source=facebook How Facebook’s AI Researchers Built a Game-Changing Go Engine | MIT Technology Review], December 04, 2015</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=58514 Combining Neural Networks and Search techniques (GO)] by Michael Babigian, [[CCC]], December 08, 2015</ref> » [[Neural Networks]]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2015'''). ''A Classification of Semeai with Approach Moves''. [[ICGA Journal#38_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 4]], [https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02890 arXiv:1608.02890]
* [[Peter H. Jin]], [[Kurt Keutzer]] ('''2015'''). ''Convolutional Monte Carlo Rollouts in Go''. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03375 arXiv:1512.03375]
* [[Lars Schaefers]], [[Marco Platzner]] ('''2015'''). ''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6876158/ Distributed Monte Carlo Tree Search: A Novel Technique and its Application to Computer Go]''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games]], Vol. 7, No. 4 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=66125&start=18 Re: Minmax backup operator for MCTS] by [[Brahim Hamadicharef]], [[CCC]], December 30, 2017</ref>
'''2016'''
* [[David Silver]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Chris J. Maddison]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[George van den Driessche]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Veda Panneershelvam]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Sander Dieleman]], [[Dominik Grewe]], [[John Nham]], [[Nal Kalchbrenner]], [[Ilya Sutskever]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Madeleine Leach]], [[Koray Kavukcuoglu]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2016'''). ''[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v529/n7587/full/nature16961.html Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature], Vol. 529 » [[AlphaGo]]
* [[Tobias Graf]], [[Marco Platzner]] ('''2016'''). ''Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in Monte Carlo Tree Search''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[John Tromp]] ('''2016'''). ''The number of legal Go positions''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[John Tromp]], [[Matthieu Walraet]] ('''2016'''). ''A googolplex of Go games''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]] ('''2016'''). ''[[CG 2016#Keynote|AlphaGo: Combining Deep Neural Networks with Tree Search]]''. [[CG 2016]], Keynote Lecture
* [[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''2016'''). ''Computer-Aided Go: Chess as a Role Model''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Peter H. Jin]] , [[Kurt Keutzer]] ('''2016'''). ''Convolutional Monte Carlo Rollouts for Computer Go''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Chang-Shing Lee]], [[Mei-Hui Wang]], [[Shi-Jim Yen]], [[Ting-Han Wei]], [[I-Chen Wu]], [[Ping-Chiang Chou]], [[Chun-Hsun Chou]], [[Ming-Wan Wang]], [[Tai-Hsiung Yang]] ('''2016'''). ''Human vs. Computer Go: Review and Prospect''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.02032 arXiv:1606.02032]
* [[Jonathan Rosenthal]] ('''2016'''). ''[https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/156354 Deep Learning for Go]''. B.Sc. thesis, [[ETH Zurich]]
'''2017'''
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2017'''). ''[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7875402/ Residual Networks for Computer Go]''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games]], Vol. PP, No. 99, [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/resnet.pdf pdf]
* [[Ti-Rong Wu]], [[I-Chen Wu]], [[Guan-Wun Chen]], [[Ting-Han Wei]], [[Tung-Yi Lai]], [[Hung-Chun Wu]], [[Li-Cheng Lan]] ('''2017'''). ''Multi-Labelled Value Networks for Computer Go''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10701 arXiv:1705.10701]
* [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2017'''). ''Improved Policy Networks for Computer Go''. [[Advances in Computer Games 15]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/gofairsbn.pdf pdf]
* [[Thomas Wolf]] ('''2017'''). ''Seki with 2 Liberties per Chain in the Game of Go''. [[ICGA Journal#39_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2]]
* [[Jon Diamond]] ('''2017'''). ''A History of Go-playing Programs''. [[ICGA Journal#39_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2]]
* [[David Silver]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Lucas Baker]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Adrian Bolton]], [[Yutian Chen]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Fan Hui]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[George van den Driessche]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v550/n7676/full/nature24270.html Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature], Vol. 550, [https://www.gwern.net/docs/rl/2017-silver.pdf pdf]
* [[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 arXiv:1712.01815] » [[AlphaZero]]

=Forum Posts=
==2005 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=17341 Ongoing GO programming?] by [[Shivkumar Shivaji]], [[CCC]], October 25, 2007
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/iZmzbavlbsI/oLGjUFelN3UJ A thought about ratings] by Dave Dyer, [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], December 10, 2007 » [[Playing Strength]]
: [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/iZmzbavlbsI/1EJf4q2L4HIJ Re: A thought about ratings] by [[Don Dailey]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], December 10, 2007
: [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/iZmzbavlbsI/Z2AsWFaUu-EJ Re: A thought about ratings] by [[Edward de Grijs]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], December 10, 2007
: [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/iZmzbavlbsI/K-5UMaK_CsYJ Re: A thought about ratings] by [[Don Dailey]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], December 10, 2007
==2010 ...==
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/JrrSovvgTV0/UbPOufyTApQJ [Computer-go] learning patterns for mc go] by [[Hendrik Baier]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], April 26, 2010
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?start=0&t=37634 WinBoard, exotic version] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], January 15, 2011 » [[WinBoard]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=42444 Go questions] by [[Kai Laskos]], [[CCC]], February 13, 2012
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=52312 Wired Article on Computer GO] by [[Edmund Moshammer]], [[CCC]], May 13, 2014 <ref>[http://www.wired.com/2014/05/the-world-of-computer-go/ The Mystery of Go, the Ancient Game That Computers Still Can’t Win] by [https://www.jmu.edu/philrel/people/faculty/levinovitz-alan.shtml Alan Levinovitz], [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired Wired], May 12, 2014</ref>
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=53262 How many chess programmers are turning to Go?] by [[Eelco de Groot]], [[CCC]], August 12, 2014
* [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/2014-December/007010.html Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go] by [[Hiroshi Yamashita]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], December 14, 2014 » [[Go#CNN|DCNN in Go]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=54663 Teaching Deep Convolutional Neural Networks to Play Go] by [[Michel Van den Bergh]], [[CCC]], December 16, 2014
* [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/2014-December/007046.html Move Evaluation in Go Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks] by [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], December 19, 2014 » [[Go#CNN|DCNN in Go]]
==2015 ...==
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/jlVCk9IRGEY/us3LHpTPCgAJ Number of Go positions computed at last] by [[John Tromp]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], January 22, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59072 Go has fallen to computer domination?] by Isaac Haïk Dunn, [[CCC]], January 27, 2016 » [[Go#AlphaGo|AlphaGo]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59073 Computer Go at master level?] by [[Nicu Ionita]], [[CCC]], January 27, 2016
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/_eCHs8_rMfs/Jx9kVfOCDAAJ Game Over] by [[Rémi Coulom]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], January 27, 2016 » [[Go#AlphaGo|AlphaGo]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/v2EhkOwqz6I/8lv3LNmHDAAJ Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search] by [[Shih-Chieh Huang|Aja Huang]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], January 27, 2016
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=87 AlphaGo] by [[Alvaro Cardoso|Alvaro]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Game-AI Forum]], January 29, 2016 » [[Go#AlphaGo|AlphaGo]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/sTHY0pBpm0o/3s_YkoUlBQAJ longest 3x3 game] by [[John Tromp]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], February 18, 2016
* [http://www.lifein19x19.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=199532 Deep Zen Go - A new Zen to counter AlphaGo] by pookpooi, [http://www.lifein19x19.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=18 Computer Go], February 29, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59451 Lee Sedol vs. AlphaGo [link to live feed]] by [[Jesse Gersenson]], [[CCC]], March 07, 2016
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/eFwYBP2_1Gg/F-aoYLRZCwAJ AlphaGo won first game!] by [[Hiroshi Yamashita]], [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], March 09, 2016
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/iUYPRSYRtVo/ggKEAB5HDAAJ Congratulations to AlphaGo] by Lukas van de Wiel, [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives], March 12, 2016
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/-GcbtddZDmw/3k2-3pN-DgAJ UEC cup 1st day result] by [[Hiroshi Yamashita]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], March 19, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59575 Animation : Ratings of go players since 1974 !] by [[Vincent Lejeune]], [[CCC]], March 20, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60394 World #1 Go Player Ke Jie accepts Google Alpha Go Match..] by AA Ross, [[CCC]], June 07, 2016 » ... [[Go#ReAlphaGo|Re: World #1 ...]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=61801 The scaling of Deep Learning MCTS Go engines] by [[Kai Laskos]], [[CCC]], October 23, 2016 » [[Deep Learning]], [[Go]], [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search|MCTS]]
'''2017'''
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/0lbCSpxozos/vUsnILL3BwAJ mini-max with Policy and Value network] by [[Hiroshi Yamashita]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], May 20, 2017
* <span id="ReAlphaGo"></span>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60394&start=11 Re: World #1 Go Player Ke Jie accepts Google Alpha Go Match.] by [[Kai Laskos]], [[CCC]], May 22, 2017 » [[Go#TheFutureofGoSummit|The Future of Go Summit]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/WImAk15gRN4/bhA7kSAnBgAJ Neural nets for Go - chain pooling?] by [[David Wu]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], August 18, 2017
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65481 We are doomed - AlphaGo Zero, learning only from basic rules] by [[Vincent Lejeune]], [[CCC]], October 18, 2017
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65484 AlphaGo Zero] by [[Alberto Sanjuan]], [[CCC]], October 19, 2017
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/9DNayZWKXfk/Pk9yBx1lAgAJ Zero performance] by [[Gian-Carlo Pascutto]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], October 20, 2017
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/ulsErJxW3jc/hMIhtiBYAgAJ Re: AlphaGo Zero] by [[Hendrik Baier]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], October 20, 2017
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=65829 AlphaGo's evaluation function] by Jens Kipper, [[CCC]], November 26, 2017
'''2018'''
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/computer-go-archive/zu4rkk38MKY/euwgDm1ADAAJ Breakthrough: FineArt beating Ke Jie with 2 Handicap Stones] by [[Ingo Althöfer]], [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive], January 20, 2018 » [[Go#FineArt|Fine Art]]

=External Links=
* [http://icga.leidenuniv.nl/icga/games/go/ ICGA: Go] by [[Martin Müller]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_%28game%29 Go (game) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Go Computer Go from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.britgo.org/computergo/history History of Go-playing Programs] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Go_Association British Go Association]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_and_mathematics Go and mathematics from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing_Chang-ki Ing Chang-ki from Wikipedia]
==Tournaments==
* [http://www.smart-games.com/worldcompgo.html World Computer Go Championships]
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/game.php?id=12 Go (ICGA Tournaments)]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Go_UEC_Cup Computer Go UEC Cup from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.computer-go.jp/uec/public_html/eng/index.shtml The Tenth Computer Go UEC Cup]
==Computer Go Archives==
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/computer-go-archive Computer Go Archive]
* [http://computer-go.org/pipermail/computer-go/ The Computer-go Archives]
* [http://www.computer-go.jp/ The Official Page for Computer Go Forum]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/computer-go-archive/topics? Google Groups - Computer Go Archive]
* [http://www.computer-go.info/ computer-go.info]
: [http://www.computer-go.info/db/oproglist.php Program database - Program list]
: [http://www.computer-go.info/db/oprogrammerlist.php Program database - Programmer list]
: [http://www.computer-go.info/events/acorn/1984/index.html Computer Go - Past Events - Acorn 1984] » [[BBC Micro]]
: [http://www.computer-go.info/events/ing/1998/archive/gen.html 1998 Ing Computer Goe Cup - Stories]
: [http://www.computer-go.info/h-c/ Human-Computer Go Challenges]
==Computer Go Pages==
* [http://senseis.xmp.net/?StartingPoints Sensei's Library: Starting Points]
: [https://senseis.xmp.net/?GoServers Go Servers at Sensei's Library]
* [http://tromp.github.io/go.html John's Go Page] by [[John Tromp]]
: [https://tromp.github.io/go/legal.html Counting Legal Positions in Go] by [[John Tromp]], January 20, 2016
* [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~mmueller/cgo/index.html Computer Go Research] by [[Martin Müller]]
* [https://smartgo.com/index.html SmartGo Blog] by [[Anders Kierulf]]
==Open Source==
* [https://github.com/gcp/leela-zero GitHub - gcp/leela-zero: Go engine with no human-provided knowledge, modeled after the AlphaGo Zero paper] by [[Gian-Carlo Pascutto]] et al.
* [https://github.com/skybrian/Gongo skybrian/Gongo - GitHub], a Go program, written in [[Go (Programming Language)|Go]] by [http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BrianSlesinsky Brian Slesinsky]
==Misc==
* [http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/go/variants.html Go Variants]
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/~gunnar/gtp/ GTP - Go Text Protocol]
* [http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/cracking-go Cracking GO] by [[Feng-Hsiung Hsu]], [[IEEE#Spectrum|IEEE Spectrum]], October 01, 2007
* [http://www.wired.com/2014/05/the-world-of-computer-go/ The Mystery of Go, the Ancient Game That Computers Still Can’t Win] by [https://www.jmu.edu/philrel/people/faculty/levinovitz-alan.shtml Alan Levinovitz], [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired Wired], May 12, 2014 » [[Rémi Coulom]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=52312 Wired Article on Computer GO] by [[Edmund Moshammer]], [[CCC]], May 13, 2014</ref>
* [http://spectrum.ieee.org/robotics/artificial-intelligence/ais-have-mastered-chess-will-go-be-next AIs Have Mastered Chess. Will Go Be Next?] by [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Martin Müller]] & [[Akihiro Kishimoto]], [[IEEE#Spectrum|IEEE Spectrum]], June 25, 2014
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35419141 Facebook trains AI to beat humans at Go board game] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/leo-kelion-1ba40a8 Leo Kelion], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], January 27, 2016
==Go Challenge==
* [https://go.codecentric.de/ codecentric go challenge]
==AlphaGo==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo AlphaGo from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP7jMXSY2xbc3KCAE0MHQ-A/ DeepMind - YouTube Channel]
* [http://www.usgo.org/news/2016/01/alphago-beats-pro-5-0-in-major-ai-advance/ Game Over? AlphaGo Beats Pro 5-0 in Major AI Advance] « [http://www.usgo.org/news/ American Go E-Journal], January 27, 2016 » [[Go#AlphaGo|AlphaGo]]
* [https://smartgo.com/blog/google-alphago.html Google’s AlphaGo Beats Professional Go Player] by [[Anders Kierulf]], [https://smartgo.com/index.html SmartGo Blog], January 27, 2016
* [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/computer-beats-go-champion-for-first-time/ Computer Beats Go Champion for the First Time] by [http://www.scientificamerican.com/author/annie-sneed/ Annie Sneed], [[Scientific American]], January 27, 2016
* [http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2016/01/27/artificial-intelligence-go-game/ Artificial Intelligence Just Mastered Go, But One Game Still Gives AI Trouble] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-engelking-56066714 Carl Engelking], [http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/ The Crux], January 27, 2016 » [[Poker]], [[Jonathan Schaeffer]], [[Bart Selman]]
* [https://googleblog.blogspot.de/2016/01/alphago-machine-learning-game-go.html Official Google Blog: AlphaGo: using machine learning to master the ancient game of Go] by [[Demis Hassabis]], January 27, 2016
* <span id="TheComputerThatMasteredGo"></span>[http://deepmind.com/alpha-go.html AlphaGo | Google DeepMind] » [[Go#AlphaGo|AlphaGo]]
: The computer that mastered Go, with [[Demis Hassabis]] and [[David Silver]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-dKXOlsf98|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
* <span id="AlphaGoHassabisVideo"></span>[[Google]] [[DeepMind]]: Ground-breaking AlphaGo masters the game of Go, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUbqykXVx0A|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
* [http://althofer.de/lee-sedol-alphago-round-1.html Match: Lee Sedol vs AlphaGo], Photo Report by [[Ingo Althöfer]], March 09, 2016
* [http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35761246 Google’s AI beats world Go champion in first of five matches], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], March 09, 2016
* [http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35771705 Google AI wins second Go game against world champion], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], March 10, 2016
* [http://en.chessbase.com/post/computer-beating-top-human-go-professional Computer beating top human Go professional] by [[Frederic Friedel]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], March 10, 2016
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35785875 Artificial intelligence: Google's AlphaGo beats Go master Lee Se-dol], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], March 12, 2016
* [http://en.chessbase.com/post/alphago-vs-lee-sedol-history-in-the-making AlphaGo vs Lee Sedol: history in the making] by [[Albert Silver]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], March 13, 2016
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35797102 Artificial intelligence: Go master Lee Se-dol wins against AlphaGo program], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], March 13, 2016
* [http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35810133 Google's AI wins final Go challenge], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News BBC News], March 15, 2016
* [http://www.nature.com/news/what-google-s-winning-go-algorithm-will-do-next-1.19573 What Google’s winning Go algorithm will do next] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/elizabeth-gibney-787b731 Elizabeth Gibney], [http://www.nature.com/index.html Nature | News], March 15, 2016
* [https://deepmind.com/blog/exploring-mysteries-alphago/ Exploring the mysteries of Go with AlphaGo and China's top players] by [[Demis Hassabis]], [[DeepMind]], April 10, 2017
* <span id="TheFutureofGoSummit"></span>[https://events.google.com/alphago2017/ The Future of Go Summit], May 23 - 27, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuzhen Wuzhen], China <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60394 World #1 Go Player Ke Jie accepts Google Alpha Go Match..] by AA Ross, [[CCC]], June 07, 2016</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke_Jie Ke Jie from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/25/alphago-google-ai-victory-world-go-number-one-china-ke-jie Google's Go-playing AI still undefeated with victory over world number one] by [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/alex-hern Alex Hern], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian The Guardian], May 25, 2017
* [https://www.wired.com/2017/05/googles-alphago-continues-dominance-second-win-china/ Google’s AlphaGo Continues Dominance With Second Win in China] by [https://www.wired.com/author/cade_metz/ Cade Metz], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine) Wired], May 25, 2017
* [https://www.wired.com/2017/05/googles-alphago-trounces-humans-also-gives-boost/ Google’s AlphaGo Trounces Humans—But It Also Gives Them a Boost] by [https://www.wired.com/author/cade_metz/ Cade Metz], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine) Wired], May 26, 2017
* [https://www.wired.com/2017/05/win-china-alphagos-designers-explore-new-ai/ AlphaGo’s Designers Explore New AI After Winning Big in China] by [https://www.wired.com/author/cade_metz/ Cade Metz], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine) Wired], May 27, 2017
* [https://deepmind.com/blog/alphagos-next-move/ AlphaGo's next move] by [[Demis Hassabis]] and [[David Silver]], [[DeepMind]], May 27, 2017
* [https://deepmind.com/blog/alphago-zero-learning-scratch/ AlphaGo Zero: Learning from scratch] by [[Demis Hassabis]] and [[David Silver]], [[DeepMind]], October 18, 2017
==Fine Art==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Art_(software) Fine Art (software) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.intergofed.org/igf-news-feed/two-stones-fineart-defeated-ke-jie-9p-after-giving-two-stones-handicap.html Two stones! Fine Art defeated Ke Jie 9P after giving two stones handicap. – Website of The International Go Federation], January 19, 2018 » [[Go#FineArt|Fine Art]]
* <span id="FineArtVideo"></span>[https://youtu.be/vHJ2BnFx8Ak 7% Documentary: Behind the scenes of Fine Art AI - 纪录片《7%》：揭秘人工智能“绝艺”夺冠幕后 腾讯网 - English subtitles], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: featuring Fine Art team [[Liu Yongsheng]], [[Ma Bo]], [[Tang Shanmin]], [[Wu Guangyu]] and [[Zhang Kaixu]]
: further [[Rémi Coulom]], [[Simon Viennot]], [[I-Chen Wu]], [[Hideki Kato]], [[David Fotland]], [[Shun-Chin Hsu]] et al. at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Go_UEC_Cup Computer Go UEC Cup] 2017
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHJ2BnFx8Ak|alignment=left|valignment=top}}</ref>.

=References=
<references />

'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
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