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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Games]] * Breakthrough (Game)'''
'''Breakthrough''',<br/>
an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_strategy abstract strategy] board game invented by [[Dan Troyka]] in 2000 <ref>[http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/William_Daniel_Troyka William Daniel Troyka - Mancala World]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_%28board_game%29 Breakthrough (board game) from Wikipedia]</ref>. It can be played on various board sizes, most common on an '''8x8''' [[Chessboard|chessboard]] with initially 16 [[Pawn|pawn]] like counters on its two back ranks. Counters may [[Pawn Push|push]] one step straight or diagonally forward if the target square is empty, or [[Captures|capture]] one step diagonally if the target square is occupied by an opponent piece. The first player to reach the opponent's back rank or captures all opponent men wins the game <ref>Image from [[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''Solving breakthrough with Race Patterns and Job-Level Proof Number Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]] - Fig. 1: Rules for the game</ref>.
=Solving Small Boards=
[[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], and [[Tristan Cazenave]] applied race patterns and an extension of [[Proof-number search|Job-level Proof-number search]] to solve Breakthrough on up to '''6x5''' boards <ref>[[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''Solving breakthrough with Race Patterns and Job-Level Proof Number Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/solving.pdf pdf]</ref>.
[[FILE:Breakthrough5x5.jpg|none|border|text-bottom]]
=Programming=
As introduced at the [[CG 2013|Computer and Games 2013]] conference in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama Yokohama], [[Richard J. Lorentz]] and [[Therese Horey]] used a hybrid version of [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]] for Breakthrough <ref>[[Richard J. Lorentz]], [[Therese Horey]] ('''2013'''). ''Programming Breakthrough''. [[CG 2013]]</ref>. Playouts are not complete games but fragments where a reliable evaluation function can be used at the stopping points <ref>[[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''2013'''). ''The wild Years are gone: Monte Carlo in Smoother Waters''. Conference Report [[CG 2013]], [[ICGA Journal#36_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3]]</ref>.
=[[Computer Olympiad|Computer Olympiads]]=
* [[20th Computer Olympiad#Breakthrough|20th Computer Olympiad, Leiden 2017]]
=See also=
* [[BreakThrough]] (Chess Program)
* [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]]
* [[Pawns Breakthrough]]
* [[Proof-number search]]
=Selected Publications=
* [[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''Solving breakthrough with Race Patterns and Job-Level Proof Number Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/solving.pdf pdf]
* [[Stephan Schiffel]] ('''2011'''). ''Knowledge-Based General Game Playing''. Ph.D. thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden_University_of_Technology Dresden University of Technology], advisor [[Michael Thielscher]] and [[Yngvi Björnsson]], [http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/8874/Stephan_Schiffel_Diss.pdf pdf] <ref>Appandix A. The Rules of Breakthrough - in [[General Game Playing#GDL|Game Description Language]]</ref>
* [[Richard J. Lorentz]], [[Therese Horey]] ('''2013'''). ''Programming Breakthrough''. [[CG 2013]]
* [[Richard J. Lorentz]], [[Andrew Isaac]] ('''2016'''). ''Using Partial Tablebases in Breakthrough''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Richard J. Lorentz]] ('''2017'''). ''Machine Learning in the Game of Breakthrough''. [[Advances in Computer Games 15]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_%28board_game%29 Breakthrough (board game) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.mindsports.nl/index.php/side-dishes/interesting-games?start=11 Interesting games - MindSports]
* [http://boardgames.about.com/od/free8x8games/a/breakthrough.htm Breakthrough - Free 8x8 Board Game - By Dan Troyka - about.com]
* [http://www.littlegolem.net/jsp/forum/topic2.jsp?forum=120&topic=63 Little Golem - online board games - Breakthrough]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
'''Breakthrough''',<br/>
an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_strategy abstract strategy] board game invented by [[Dan Troyka]] in 2000 <ref>[http://mancala.wikia.com/wiki/William_Daniel_Troyka William Daniel Troyka - Mancala World]</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_%28board_game%29 Breakthrough (board game) from Wikipedia]</ref>. It can be played on various board sizes, most common on an '''8x8''' [[Chessboard|chessboard]] with initially 16 [[Pawn|pawn]] like counters on its two back ranks. Counters may [[Pawn Push|push]] one step straight or diagonally forward if the target square is empty, or [[Captures|capture]] one step diagonally if the target square is occupied by an opponent piece. The first player to reach the opponent's back rank or captures all opponent men wins the game <ref>Image from [[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''Solving breakthrough with Race Patterns and Job-Level Proof Number Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]] - Fig. 1: Rules for the game</ref>.
=Solving Small Boards=
[[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], and [[Tristan Cazenave]] applied race patterns and an extension of [[Proof-number search|Job-level Proof-number search]] to solve Breakthrough on up to '''6x5''' boards <ref>[[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''Solving breakthrough with Race Patterns and Job-Level Proof Number Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/solving.pdf pdf]</ref>.
[[FILE:Breakthrough5x5.jpg|none|border|text-bottom]]
=Programming=
As introduced at the [[CG 2013|Computer and Games 2013]] conference in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama Yokohama], [[Richard J. Lorentz]] and [[Therese Horey]] used a hybrid version of [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]] for Breakthrough <ref>[[Richard J. Lorentz]], [[Therese Horey]] ('''2013'''). ''Programming Breakthrough''. [[CG 2013]]</ref>. Playouts are not complete games but fragments where a reliable evaluation function can be used at the stopping points <ref>[[Ingo Althöfer]] ('''2013'''). ''The wild Years are gone: Monte Carlo in Smoother Waters''. Conference Report [[CG 2013]], [[ICGA Journal#36_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3]]</ref>.
=[[Computer Olympiad|Computer Olympiads]]=
* [[20th Computer Olympiad#Breakthrough|20th Computer Olympiad, Leiden 2017]]
=See also=
* [[BreakThrough]] (Chess Program)
* [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]]
* [[Pawns Breakthrough]]
* [[Proof-number search]]
=Selected Publications=
* [[Abdallah Saffidine]], [[Nicolas Jouandeau]], [[Tristan Cazenave]] ('''2011'''). ''Solving breakthrough with Race Patterns and Job-Level Proof Number Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 13]], [http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~cazenave/papers/solving.pdf pdf]
* [[Stephan Schiffel]] ('''2011'''). ''Knowledge-Based General Game Playing''. Ph.D. thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden_University_of_Technology Dresden University of Technology], advisor [[Michael Thielscher]] and [[Yngvi Björnsson]], [http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/8874/Stephan_Schiffel_Diss.pdf pdf] <ref>Appandix A. The Rules of Breakthrough - in [[General Game Playing#GDL|Game Description Language]]</ref>
* [[Richard J. Lorentz]], [[Therese Horey]] ('''2013'''). ''Programming Breakthrough''. [[CG 2013]]
* [[Richard J. Lorentz]], [[Andrew Isaac]] ('''2016'''). ''Using Partial Tablebases in Breakthrough''. [[CG 2016]]
* [[Richard J. Lorentz]] ('''2017'''). ''Machine Learning in the Game of Breakthrough''. [[Advances in Computer Games 15]]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_%28board_game%29 Breakthrough (board game) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.mindsports.nl/index.php/side-dishes/interesting-games?start=11 Interesting games - MindSports]
* [http://boardgames.about.com/od/free8x8games/a/breakthrough.htm Breakthrough - Free 8x8 Board Game - By Dan Troyka - about.com]
* [http://www.littlegolem.net/jsp/forum/topic2.jsp?forum=120&topic=63 Little Golem - online board games - Breakthrough]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Games|Up one Level]]'''
