25,161
edits
Changes
Created page with "'''Home * People * Alexander Kronrod''' File:A.S.Kronrod.jpg|border|right|thumb|Alexander Kronrod <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod A..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Alexander Kronrod'''
[[File:A.S.Kronrod.jpg|border|right|thumb|Alexander Kronrod <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikipedia]</ref>]]
'''Aleksandr (Alexander) Semenovich Kronrod''', (October 22, 1921 – October 6, 1986)
was a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. Kronrod and his fellow [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]] were the last students of [[Mathematician#Luzin|Nikolai Luzin]] at [[Moscow State University]]. In the 50s and 60s Kronrod was professor and head of the Computational Laboratory at Moscows [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] (ITEF or '''ITEP'''). He was involved in developing the [[ITEP Chess Program]] in motivating his friends Georgy Adelson-Velsky and [[Alexander Brudno]], as well in his proposal of a "general [[Recursion|recursive]] search scheme". Kronrod is well known for saying, "chess is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila Drosophila] of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]]" <ref>[https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikiquote]</ref>.
In 1965, while [[John McCarthy]] visited the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union Soviet Union], he was challenged by Kronrod, who considered the [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program]] to be the best program in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States] at the time. At the end of 1966 the [[Stanford-ITEP Match|four game match]] was arranged between Kotok-McCarthy, running on a [[IBM 7090]] computer, and the ITEP Program on a Soviet [[M-2]] <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the ITEP Program.
=Quotes=
==Remembering A.S. Kronrod==
{{Remembering A.S. Kronrod}}
==Intellectual Foundations==
{{Quote Yershov}}
==Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess==
Quote from ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'' <ref>[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~brudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]</ref>:
[[Stanford-ITEP Match|This match]] has a very sad postscript: Alexander Kronrod, the head of the Computational lab at ITEP, was a highly principled person who, among with many other mathematicians, signed a letter in defense of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Esenin-Volpin Esenin-Volpin], a mathematician who was placed in an insane asylum for anti-Communist views. For his signature of the letter Kronrod was reprimanded by the Communist Party. The physicists at ITEP, who were irritated because computer time was “wasted” on game playing instead of their problems used the reprimand as an excuse to oust Kronrod from his position. At the same time Kronrod was fired from his professorship at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute. These actions effectively ended the career of this brilliant mathematician.
==What is AI?==
{{Quote McCarthy on AI}}
=Selected Publications=
* Alexander Kronrod ('''1965'''). ''Nodes and weights of quadrature formulas. Sixteen-place tables''. New York: Consultants Bureau <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Kronrod_quadrature_formula Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula - Wikipedia]</ref>
* Alexander Kronrod ('''196?'''). ''Conversations on Programming''.
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikipedia]
* [https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=76948 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Aleksandr Kronrod]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Kronrod_quadrature_formula Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula - Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_Four_Russians Method of Four Russians from Wikipedia]
* [http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/cpp_src/kronrod/kronrod.html KRONROD - Gauss-Kronrod Quadrature Rules], [[Cpp|C++]] library by [http://nines.cs.kuleuven.be/research/ecf/Whoiswho/P/Piessens.html Robert Piessens] and [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/np-branders,%20maria Maria Branders]
* [http://vikont.50webs.com/art_kronrod.html Биография А.С. Кронрода], [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fvikont.50webs.com%2Fart_kronrod.html Biography AS Kronrod] by [http://www.linkedin.com/in/unixander Alexander Yershov] (translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate])
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikiquote]
* [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Science+and+Scholarship Science and Scholarship definition] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheFreeDictionary.com TheFreeDictionary.com], article from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia The Great Soviet Encyclopedia] (1979)
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[File:A.S.Kronrod.jpg|border|right|thumb|Alexander Kronrod <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikipedia]</ref>]]
'''Aleksandr (Alexander) Semenovich Kronrod''', (October 22, 1921 – October 6, 1986)
was a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. Kronrod and his fellow [[Georgy Adelson-Velsky]] were the last students of [[Mathematician#Luzin|Nikolai Luzin]] at [[Moscow State University]]. In the 50s and 60s Kronrod was professor and head of the Computational Laboratory at Moscows [[Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics]] (ITEF or '''ITEP'''). He was involved in developing the [[ITEP Chess Program]] in motivating his friends Georgy Adelson-Velsky and [[Alexander Brudno]], as well in his proposal of a "general [[Recursion|recursive]] search scheme". Kronrod is well known for saying, "chess is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila Drosophila] of [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]]" <ref>[https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikiquote]</ref>.
In 1965, while [[John McCarthy]] visited the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union Soviet Union], he was challenged by Kronrod, who considered the [[Kotok-McCarthy-Program]] to be the best program in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States] at the time. At the end of 1966 the [[Stanford-ITEP Match|four game match]] was arranged between Kotok-McCarthy, running on a [[IBM 7090]] computer, and the ITEP Program on a Soviet [[M-2]] <ref>[http://www.computer-museum.ru/english/m2.htm The Fast Universal Digital Computer M-2] from the [[Russian Virtual Computer Museum]]</ref>. The match played over nine months was won 3-1 by the ITEP Program.
=Quotes=
==Remembering A.S. Kronrod==
{{Remembering A.S. Kronrod}}
==Intellectual Foundations==
{{Quote Yershov}}
==Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess==
Quote from ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'' <ref>[http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~brudno/ Michael Brudno] ('''2000'''). ''Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess'', [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/%7Ebrudno/essays/cchess.pdf pdf]</ref>:
[[Stanford-ITEP Match|This match]] has a very sad postscript: Alexander Kronrod, the head of the Computational lab at ITEP, was a highly principled person who, among with many other mathematicians, signed a letter in defense of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Esenin-Volpin Esenin-Volpin], a mathematician who was placed in an insane asylum for anti-Communist views. For his signature of the letter Kronrod was reprimanded by the Communist Party. The physicists at ITEP, who were irritated because computer time was “wasted” on game playing instead of their problems used the reprimand as an excuse to oust Kronrod from his position. At the same time Kronrod was fired from his professorship at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute. These actions effectively ended the career of this brilliant mathematician.
==What is AI?==
{{Quote McCarthy on AI}}
=Selected Publications=
* Alexander Kronrod ('''1965'''). ''Nodes and weights of quadrature formulas. Sixteen-place tables''. New York: Consultants Bureau <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Kronrod_quadrature_formula Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula - Wikipedia]</ref>
* Alexander Kronrod ('''196?'''). ''Conversations on Programming''.
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikipedia]
* [https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=76948 The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Aleksandr Kronrod]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Kronrod_quadrature_formula Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula - Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_Four_Russians Method of Four Russians from Wikipedia]
* [http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/cpp_src/kronrod/kronrod.html KRONROD - Gauss-Kronrod Quadrature Rules], [[Cpp|C++]] library by [http://nines.cs.kuleuven.be/research/ecf/Whoiswho/P/Piessens.html Robert Piessens] and [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/np-branders,%20maria Maria Branders]
* [http://vikont.50webs.com/art_kronrod.html Биография А.С. Кронрода], [http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fvikont.50webs.com%2Fart_kronrod.html Biography AS Kronrod] by [http://www.linkedin.com/in/unixander Alexander Yershov] (translated by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate])
* [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Kronrod Alexander Kronrod from Wikiquote]
* [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Science+and+Scholarship Science and Scholarship definition] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheFreeDictionary.com TheFreeDictionary.com], article from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia The Great Soviet Encyclopedia] (1979)
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
