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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Board Representation]] * [[Bitboards]] * Pawn Pattern and Properties'''
[[FILE:BakHero.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bbc|[[Arts#Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Hero <ref>[http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bbc Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak], [http://www.chgs.umn.edu/ Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota University of Minnesota]</ref> ]]
There are two approaches to determine [[Pawn|pawn]] attack-sets, pawn move target squares or pawn-structure properties - using a single pawn or set-wise with multiple pawns. Since we have up to eight pawns per side, the set-wise approach has some merits. Disadvantage of set-wise operations is, we likely need different code for white and black pawns, while pre-calculated lookups by color and square allows to write more general code.
=Moves and Captures=
A pawn captures diagonally forward, but otherwise pushes forward one - or optionally two steps from it's initial rank. For white versus black pawns forward and backward are considered relative from either whites or blacks point of view.
* [[Pawn Pushes (Bitboards)|Pawn Pushes]]
* [[Pawn Attacks (Bitboards)|Pawn Attacks]]
=Properties=
Properties about the [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] are likely subject of [[Evaluation|evaluation]].
==Pawns in touch==
* [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|Pawn Rams]]
* [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|Pawn Levers]]
* [[Defended Pawns (Bitboards)|Defended Pawns]]
* [[Duo Trio Quart (Bitboards)|Duo Trio Quart]]
==Fills and Spans==
* [[Pawn Fills]] are about Front-, Rear- and Filefills
* [[Pawns and Files (Bitboards)|Pawns and Files]] about closed, open and halfopen files
* [[Pawn Spans]] are about Front-, Rear- and Interspans - Stop and Telestop
* [[Attack Spans]]
==Based on Spans==
* [[Double and Triple (Bitboards)|Double and Triple]]
* [[Pawn Islands (Bitboards)|Pawn Islands]]
* [[Dispersion and Distortion]]
* [[Isolated Pawns (Bitboards)|Isolated Pawns]]
* [[Unfree Pawns (Bitboards)|Unfree Pawns]]
* [[Open Pawns (Bitboards)|Open Pawns]]
* [[Passed Pawns (Bitboards)|Passed Pawns]]
* [[Candidates (Bitboards)|Candidates]]
* [[Backward Pawns (Bitboards)|Backward Pawns]]
=See also=
* [[Pawn Center]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
* [[PawnKing]]
=Publications=
* [[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959
* [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]] ('''2017'''). ''Pawns''. [https://www.amazon.com/Pawns-Lyudmil-Tsvetkov-ebook/dp/B074S2MYQV amazon]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=271055 how to detect information about pawn structure based on bitboard] by [[Uri Blass]], [[CCC]], December 17, 2002
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=20729 Pawn Pattern Matching] by [[Gerd Isenberg]], [[CCC]], April 18, 2008
=External Links=
* [https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/pawn-power-in-chess-by-hans-kmoch-glossary-of-terms Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch - Glossary of Terms - Chess Forums] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com] <ref>[[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawn_structure Pawn structure] pattern of common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_opening chess openings]
* [http://www.justchess.biz/chesspawns.htm The Game of Chess: Pawns and Their Related Terms] from [http://www.justchess.biz/ Just Chess .biz]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Bitboards|Up one Level]]'''
[[FILE:BakHero.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bbc|[[Arts#Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Hero <ref>[http://chgs.elevator.umn.edu/asset/viewAsset/57f3b6787d58ae5f74bf8ba9#57f3b6d77d58ae5574bf8bbc Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak], [http://www.chgs.umn.edu/ Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota University of Minnesota]</ref> ]]
There are two approaches to determine [[Pawn|pawn]] attack-sets, pawn move target squares or pawn-structure properties - using a single pawn or set-wise with multiple pawns. Since we have up to eight pawns per side, the set-wise approach has some merits. Disadvantage of set-wise operations is, we likely need different code for white and black pawns, while pre-calculated lookups by color and square allows to write more general code.
=Moves and Captures=
A pawn captures diagonally forward, but otherwise pushes forward one - or optionally two steps from it's initial rank. For white versus black pawns forward and backward are considered relative from either whites or blacks point of view.
* [[Pawn Pushes (Bitboards)|Pawn Pushes]]
* [[Pawn Attacks (Bitboards)|Pawn Attacks]]
=Properties=
Properties about the [[Pawn Structure|pawn structure]] are likely subject of [[Evaluation|evaluation]].
==Pawns in touch==
* [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|Pawn Rams]]
* [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|Pawn Levers]]
* [[Defended Pawns (Bitboards)|Defended Pawns]]
* [[Duo Trio Quart (Bitboards)|Duo Trio Quart]]
==Fills and Spans==
* [[Pawn Fills]] are about Front-, Rear- and Filefills
* [[Pawns and Files (Bitboards)|Pawns and Files]] about closed, open and halfopen files
* [[Pawn Spans]] are about Front-, Rear- and Interspans - Stop and Telestop
* [[Attack Spans]]
==Based on Spans==
* [[Double and Triple (Bitboards)|Double and Triple]]
* [[Pawn Islands (Bitboards)|Pawn Islands]]
* [[Dispersion and Distortion]]
* [[Isolated Pawns (Bitboards)|Isolated Pawns]]
* [[Unfree Pawns (Bitboards)|Unfree Pawns]]
* [[Open Pawns (Bitboards)|Open Pawns]]
* [[Passed Pawns (Bitboards)|Passed Pawns]]
* [[Candidates (Bitboards)|Candidates]]
* [[Backward Pawns (Bitboards)|Backward Pawns]]
=See also=
* [[Pawn Center]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
* [[PawnKing]]
=Publications=
* [[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959
* [[Lyudmil Tsvetkov]] ('''2017'''). ''Pawns''. [https://www.amazon.com/Pawns-Lyudmil-Tsvetkov-ebook/dp/B074S2MYQV amazon]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=271055 how to detect information about pawn structure based on bitboard] by [[Uri Blass]], [[CCC]], December 17, 2002
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=20729 Pawn Pattern Matching] by [[Gerd Isenberg]], [[CCC]], April 18, 2008
=External Links=
* [https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/pawn-power-in-chess-by-hans-kmoch-glossary-of-terms Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch - Glossary of Terms - Chess Forums] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com] <ref>[[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawn_structure Pawn structure] pattern of common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_opening chess openings]
* [http://www.justchess.biz/chesspawns.htm The Game of Chess: Pawns and Their Related Terms] from [http://www.justchess.biz/ Just Chess .biz]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Bitboards|Up one Level]]'''
