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Created page with "'''Home * People * L. Stephen Coles''' FILE:LStephenColes.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/| L. Stephen Coles <ref>[https:..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * L. Stephen Coles'''
[[FILE:LStephenColes.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/| L. Stephen Coles <ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/ L. Stephen Coles | LinkedIn]</ref> ]]
'''L. Stephen Coles''', (January 19, 1941 – December 3, 2014)<br/>
was an American electrical engineer, mathematician, [[Artificial Intelligence|AI]]-researcher, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine doctor of medicine], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontology gerontologist], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_sciences biomedical scientist], co-founder and director of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group Gerontology Research Group] <ref>[http://www.grg.org/ Gerontology Research Group Index Page]</ref>, lecturer with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles University of California, Los Angeles] Molecular Biology Institute and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and a research collaborator in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Geffen_School_of_Medicine_at_UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA].
He was researcher on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian supercentenarians] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageing aging], and creator of ''The Bridge Plan'', containing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition nutrition] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle_%28sociology%29 lifestyle] recommendations that are believed to help maximize [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy life expectancy] <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/business/yourmoney/15aging.html?_r=0 Aging: Disease or Business Opportunity?] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Wilson Duff Wilson], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times New York Times], April 15, 2007</ref>, to possibly bridge the gap until a hoped-for biomedical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity singularity event] <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/review/R3R4XVEUESL6BT Amazon.com: L. Stephen Coles' review of The Life Plan]</ref>.
L. Stephen Coles died on December 3, 2014 of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer pancreatic cancer]. His brain was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryonics cryonically] preserved by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcor_Life_Extension_Foundation Alcor Life Extension Foundation] <ref>[https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-stephen-coles-20141205-story.html L. Stephen Coles dies at 73; studied extreme aging in humans] by [https://www.latimes.com/la-bio-steve-chawkins-staff.html Steve Chawkins], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times Los Angeles Times], December 04, 2014</ref>.
=Biography=
L. Stephen Coles received a B.Sc. in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering electrical engineering] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy,_New_York Troy, New York], a M.Sc. in mathematics from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institute_of_Technology Carnegie Institute of Technology], and a Ph.D. in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_science systems science] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_sciences communication sciences] from [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in 1969 on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural language processing] <ref>[[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33738501_Syntax-Directed_Interpretation_of_Natural_Language Syntax Directed Interpretation of Natural Language]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Carnegie Mellon University]]</ref>.
He researched on [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]], [[Robots|robots]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorobotics biorobotics] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRI_International Stanford Research Institute] and the [[University of California, Berkeley]], focused on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine medicine] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine] and completed his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internship_%28medicine%29 medical intern] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics obstetrics] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynaecology gynaecology] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_M._Miller_School_of_Medicine Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Miami University of Miami], and served as lecturer and visiting scholar and researcher at [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[Stanford University]], [[Harvard University]] and UCLA <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Stephen_Coles L. Stephen Coles from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/pub/l-stephen-coles/21/a8/b3b L. Stephen Coles | LinkedIn]</ref>.
=Computer Chess=
While affiliated with [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Tech]], researching on AI, Steve Coles became interested in computer chess. He shared his sobering experience to lose a game of chess from [[Mac Hack|Mac Hack VI]] in April 1967 with [[Allen Newell]] and [[Herbert Simon]] <ref>[[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''Memorandum - Chess at Carnegie Tech''. [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=41937 pdf]</ref>, expressing his concerns on the development of computer chess at Carnegie Tech with their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing time-sharing] system of the dual processor [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendix_G-20 CDC G-21], and mentioning programmers [[George Baylor]] and [[Joseph S. Rubenfeld]] and others working on chess programs. During the early 70s, Steve Coles published several articles, reports and notes on computer chess in [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]].
=The Drosophila of AI=
In his 1994 article ''Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI'' <ref>[[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1994'''). ''Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI''. AI Expert, Vol. 9, No. 4, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Freeman,_Inc. Miller Freeman, Inc.]</ref>, posted 2002 in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs] <ref>[http://www.drdobbs.com/high-performance-computing/184405171 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] by [[L. Stephen Coles]], October 30, 2002, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs]</ref>, he produced a figure and calculated a roughly forty-point per year growth rate in best computer Elo ratings since 1960 <ref>[[Katja Grace]] ('''2013'''). ''Algorithmic Progress in Six Domains''. Technical report 2013-3, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute Machine Intelligence Research Institute], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California Berkeley, CA], [http://intelligence.org/files/AlgorithmicProgress.pdf pdf], 5 [[Games|Game Playing]], 5.1 [[Chess]], 5.1.5. Dr Dobb’s Article Estimates</ref>. Mentioned chess programs of the computer chart are [[NSS]], [[Mac Hack|MacHack]], [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.x]], [[Belle]], [[HiTech]], [[Deep Thought]] and [[Deep Blue]], the intersection point with the human chart estimated in about 1997.
[[FILE:50YearsHumanComputerChess.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/computer-chess-the-drosophila-of-ai/184405171?pgno=2]]
Fifty years of human and computer chess <ref>[http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/computer-chess-the-drosophila-of-ai/184405171?pgno=2 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI | Dr Dobb's Page 2 - Figure 1: Fifty years of human and computer chess]</ref>
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/c/Coles:L=_Stephen.html dblp: L. Stephen Coles]</ref>
==1967 ...==
* [[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''Memorandum - Chess at Carnegie Tech''. [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=41937 pdf]
* [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33738501_Syntax-Directed_Interpretation_of_Natural_Language Syntax Directed Interpretation of Natural Language]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Carnegie Mellon University]], also in [[Herbert Simon]], [[Laurent Siklóssy]] (eds.) ('''1972'''). ''Representation and Meaning: Experiments with Information Processing Systems''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall Prentice-Hall]
* [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1969'''). ''Talking with a Robot in English''. [[Conferences#IJCAI|1. IJCAI 1969]], [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/69/Papers/052.pdf pdf]
* [[Alan H. Bond]], [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/r/Rightnour:Jerry Jerry Rightnour], [[L. Stephen Coles|L. Steven Coles]] ('''1969'''). ''An Interactive Graphical Display Monitor in a Batch-processing Environment with Remote Entry''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 12, No. 11
==1970 ...==
* [[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1973'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1056781.1056783 Computer to Model Nervous System of Lobster at Carnegie-Mellon]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]], No. 38
* [[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1973'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045175 Fourth United States computer chess championship from ACM73 news release]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]], No. 41
* [http://www.ai.sri.com/people/firschein Oscar Firschein], [http://www.ai.sri.com/people/fischler Martin A. Fischler], [[L. Stephen Coles]], [http://commerce.net/board-member/dr-jay-m-tenenbaum/ Jay M. Tenenbaum] ('''1973'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1624789 Forecasting and Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society]''. [[Conferences#IJCAI|3. IJCAI]], [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/73/Papers/013.pdf pdf]
* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/s/Smith:Michael_H=.html Michael H. Smith], [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1973'''). ''Design of a Low Cost, General Purpose Robot''. [[Conferences#IJCAI|3. IJCAI]]. [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/73/Papers/034.pdf pdf]
==1990 ...==
* [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1994'''). ''Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI''. AI Expert, Vol. 9, No. 4, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Freeman,_Inc. Miller Freeman, Inc.], [http://www.drdobbs.com/high-performance-computing/184405171 posted October 30, 2002] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Stephen_Coles L. Stephen Coles from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/computer-chess-the-drosophila-of-ai/184405171 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] by [[L. Stephen Coles]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs], October 30, 2002 (republished 1994 article)
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/ L. Stephen Coles | LinkedIn]
* [http://www.grg.org/ Gerontology Research Group Index Page]
* [https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/rej.2013.1444 Interview with L. Stephen Coles, MD, PhD] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/vickiglaser4sciwriter Vicki Glaser], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejuvenation_Research Rejuvenation Research], June 2013, Vol. 16, No. 3
* [https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-stephen-coles-20141205-story.html L. Stephen Coles dies at 73; studied extreme aging in humans] by [https://www.latimes.com/la-bio-steve-chawkins-staff.html Steve Chawkins], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times Los Angeles Times], December 04, 2014
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Researcher|Coles]]
[[FILE:LStephenColes.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/| L. Stephen Coles <ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/ L. Stephen Coles | LinkedIn]</ref> ]]
'''L. Stephen Coles''', (January 19, 1941 – December 3, 2014)<br/>
was an American electrical engineer, mathematician, [[Artificial Intelligence|AI]]-researcher, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine doctor of medicine], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontology gerontologist], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_sciences biomedical scientist], co-founder and director of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group Gerontology Research Group] <ref>[http://www.grg.org/ Gerontology Research Group Index Page]</ref>, lecturer with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles University of California, Los Angeles] Molecular Biology Institute and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and a research collaborator in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Geffen_School_of_Medicine_at_UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA].
He was researcher on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian supercentenarians] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageing aging], and creator of ''The Bridge Plan'', containing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition nutrition] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle_%28sociology%29 lifestyle] recommendations that are believed to help maximize [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy life expectancy] <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/business/yourmoney/15aging.html?_r=0 Aging: Disease or Business Opportunity?] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_Wilson Duff Wilson], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times New York Times], April 15, 2007</ref>, to possibly bridge the gap until a hoped-for biomedical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity singularity event] <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/review/R3R4XVEUESL6BT Amazon.com: L. Stephen Coles' review of The Life Plan]</ref>.
L. Stephen Coles died on December 3, 2014 of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer pancreatic cancer]. His brain was [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryonics cryonically] preserved by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcor_Life_Extension_Foundation Alcor Life Extension Foundation] <ref>[https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-stephen-coles-20141205-story.html L. Stephen Coles dies at 73; studied extreme aging in humans] by [https://www.latimes.com/la-bio-steve-chawkins-staff.html Steve Chawkins], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times Los Angeles Times], December 04, 2014</ref>.
=Biography=
L. Stephen Coles received a B.Sc. in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering electrical engineering] from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy,_New_York Troy, New York], a M.Sc. in mathematics from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Institute_of_Technology Carnegie Institute of Technology], and a Ph.D. in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_science systems science] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_sciences communication sciences] from [[Carnegie Mellon University]] in 1969 on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing Natural language processing] <ref>[[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33738501_Syntax-Directed_Interpretation_of_Natural_Language Syntax Directed Interpretation of Natural Language]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Carnegie Mellon University]]</ref>.
He researched on [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]], [[Robots|robots]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorobotics biorobotics] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRI_International Stanford Research Institute] and the [[University of California, Berkeley]], focused on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine medicine] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine] and completed his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internship_%28medicine%29 medical intern] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics obstetrics] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynaecology gynaecology] at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_M._Miller_School_of_Medicine Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Miami University of Miami], and served as lecturer and visiting scholar and researcher at [[University of California, Berkeley]], [[Stanford University]], [[Harvard University]] and UCLA <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Stephen_Coles L. Stephen Coles from Wikipedia]</ref> <ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/pub/l-stephen-coles/21/a8/b3b L. Stephen Coles | LinkedIn]</ref>.
=Computer Chess=
While affiliated with [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Tech]], researching on AI, Steve Coles became interested in computer chess. He shared his sobering experience to lose a game of chess from [[Mac Hack|Mac Hack VI]] in April 1967 with [[Allen Newell]] and [[Herbert Simon]] <ref>[[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''Memorandum - Chess at Carnegie Tech''. [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=41937 pdf]</ref>, expressing his concerns on the development of computer chess at Carnegie Tech with their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing time-sharing] system of the dual processor [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendix_G-20 CDC G-21], and mentioning programmers [[George Baylor]] and [[Joseph S. Rubenfeld]] and others working on chess programs. During the early 70s, Steve Coles published several articles, reports and notes on computer chess in [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]].
=The Drosophila of AI=
In his 1994 article ''Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI'' <ref>[[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1994'''). ''Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI''. AI Expert, Vol. 9, No. 4, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Freeman,_Inc. Miller Freeman, Inc.]</ref>, posted 2002 in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs] <ref>[http://www.drdobbs.com/high-performance-computing/184405171 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] by [[L. Stephen Coles]], October 30, 2002, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs]</ref>, he produced a figure and calculated a roughly forty-point per year growth rate in best computer Elo ratings since 1960 <ref>[[Katja Grace]] ('''2013'''). ''Algorithmic Progress in Six Domains''. Technical report 2013-3, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute Machine Intelligence Research Institute], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California Berkeley, CA], [http://intelligence.org/files/AlgorithmicProgress.pdf pdf], 5 [[Games|Game Playing]], 5.1 [[Chess]], 5.1.5. Dr Dobb’s Article Estimates</ref>. Mentioned chess programs of the computer chart are [[NSS]], [[Mac Hack|MacHack]], [[Chess (Program)|Chess 4.x]], [[Belle]], [[HiTech]], [[Deep Thought]] and [[Deep Blue]], the intersection point with the human chart estimated in about 1997.
[[FILE:50YearsHumanComputerChess.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/computer-chess-the-drosophila-of-ai/184405171?pgno=2]]
Fifty years of human and computer chess <ref>[http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/computer-chess-the-drosophila-of-ai/184405171?pgno=2 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI | Dr Dobb's Page 2 - Figure 1: Fifty years of human and computer chess]</ref>
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/c/Coles:L=_Stephen.html dblp: L. Stephen Coles]</ref>
==1967 ...==
* [[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''Memorandum - Chess at Carnegie Tech''. [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=41937 pdf]
* [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1967'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33738501_Syntax-Directed_Interpretation_of_Natural_Language Syntax Directed Interpretation of Natural Language]''. Ph.D. thesis, [[Carnegie Mellon University]], also in [[Herbert Simon]], [[Laurent Siklóssy]] (eds.) ('''1972'''). ''Representation and Meaning: Experiments with Information Processing Systems''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall Prentice-Hall]
* [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1969'''). ''Talking with a Robot in English''. [[Conferences#IJCAI|1. IJCAI 1969]], [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/69/Papers/052.pdf pdf]
* [[Alan H. Bond]], [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/r/Rightnour:Jerry Jerry Rightnour], [[L. Stephen Coles|L. Steven Coles]] ('''1969'''). ''An Interactive Graphical Display Monitor in a Batch-processing Environment with Remote Entry''. [[ACM#Communications|Communications of the ACM]], Vol. 12, No. 11
==1970 ...==
* [[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1973'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1056781.1056783 Computer to Model Nervous System of Lobster at Carnegie-Mellon]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]], No. 38
* [[L. Stephen Coles|Steve Coles]] ('''1973'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1045175 Fourth United States computer chess championship from ACM73 news release]''. [[ACM#SIG|ACM SIGART Bulletin]], No. 41
* [http://www.ai.sri.com/people/firschein Oscar Firschein], [http://www.ai.sri.com/people/fischler Martin A. Fischler], [[L. Stephen Coles]], [http://commerce.net/board-member/dr-jay-m-tenenbaum/ Jay M. Tenenbaum] ('''1973'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1624789 Forecasting and Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society]''. [[Conferences#IJCAI|3. IJCAI]], [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/73/Papers/013.pdf pdf]
* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/s/Smith:Michael_H=.html Michael H. Smith], [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1973'''). ''Design of a Low Cost, General Purpose Robot''. [[Conferences#IJCAI|3. IJCAI]]. [https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/73/Papers/034.pdf pdf]
==1990 ...==
* [[L. Stephen Coles]] ('''1994'''). ''Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI''. AI Expert, Vol. 9, No. 4, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Freeman,_Inc. Miller Freeman, Inc.], [http://www.drdobbs.com/high-performance-computing/184405171 posted October 30, 2002] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs]
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Stephen_Coles L. Stephen Coles from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.drdobbs.com/parallel/computer-chess-the-drosophila-of-ai/184405171 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] by [[L. Stephen Coles]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal Dr. Dobbs], October 30, 2002 (republished 1994 article)
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoles1/ L. Stephen Coles | LinkedIn]
* [http://www.grg.org/ Gerontology Research Group Index Page]
* [https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/rej.2013.1444 Interview with L. Stephen Coles, MD, PhD] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/vickiglaser4sciwriter Vicki Glaser], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejuvenation_Research Rejuvenation Research], June 2013, Vol. 16, No. 3
* [https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-stephen-coles-20141205-story.html L. Stephen Coles dies at 73; studied extreme aging in humans] by [https://www.latimes.com/la-bio-steve-chawkins-staff.html Steve Chawkins], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times Los Angeles Times], December 04, 2014
=References=
<references />
'''[[People|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Researcher|Coles]]
