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Gambiet

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Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Gambiet''' FILE:Gambiet80.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.necoma.nl/chess.html|Gambiet 80 cover <ref>Gambiet 80 cover from [htt..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Gambiet'''

[[FILE:Gambiet80.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.necoma.nl/chess.html|Gambiet 80 cover <ref>Gambiet 80 cover from [http://www.necoma.nl/chess.html Computerschaak] by [http://www.necoma.nl/ Peter van Grijfland]</ref> ]]

'''Gambiet''',<br/>
a chess program by [[Wim Rens]], initially written in [[Z80]] [[Assembly|assembly]] to run on a [[TRS-80]] <ref>[http://www.csvnsupplementsite.nl/csvnp2.html Eerste Nederlands Kampioenschappen Computerschaken] (Dutch)</ref>, and the first Dutch commercial chess program, merchandised through [[Microtrend]] <ref>[http://www.trademarkia.com/gambiet-73334547.html GAMBIET - Reviews & Brand Information - Microtrend International B.V. Amsterdam , Serial Number: 73334547] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarkia Trademarkia]</ref>. Gambiet '''80''' played the first [[WMCCC 1980]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London London], where it finished third with 3/5, and further the [[European MCC 1981]] and [[European MCC 1982]] <ref>[[Tony Harrington]] ('''1983'''). ''[http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n1/123_The_third_European_Microc.php The third European Microcomputer Chess tournament]''. [[Creative Computing]], Vol. 9, No. 1</ref>, and the first three [[Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship|Dutch Computer Chess Championships]]. Gambiet '''81''' was runner-up behind [[YNCT|YNCT 1.0]] at the [[DOCCC 1981]], and Gambiet '''82''' did even better, winning the [[DOCCC 1982]] <ref>[http://www.csvnsupplementsite.nl/CSVNPAGINA1.html Gambiet '82, de nieuwe Nederlandse computerschaak kampioen! - Nieuwe pagina 1], [[CSVN]] supplement site</ref> running on a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Star Xerox Star]. Gambiet '''83''' played the [[DOCCC 1983]] with a fifth place.

Gambiet was base of [[Microtrend Experimental]], which also played the [[European MCC 1981]] with its brother, and was further commercialized in 1982 for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips Philips] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey%C2%B2 Videopac G7000] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console video game console], as [[Videopac C 7010]] chess module <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips Philips], [[Videopac C 7010]], French Manual, [http://www.6502man.com/tempo/VIDEOPAC%20CHESS%20%20C7010.pdf pdf] <br/>
© 1982 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips#History N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken] - Holland<br/>
© 1982 [[Wim Rens]], [[Microtrend|Microtrend International]] - Holland</ref> with its own Z80-compatible ''NSC800'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS CMOS] microprocessor <ref>[http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/NSC800/index.html National Semiconductor NSC800] from [http://www.cpu-world.com/index.html CPU-World: Microprocessor news, benchmarks, information and pictures]</ref>.

=Description=
Gambiet is a [[Type A Strategy|Shannon Type-A Stategy]] program, performing [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta]] with a classical [[Mailbox|mailbox]] board representation and following [[Byte|byte-wise]] [[Pieces#PieceCoding|piece coding]] optimized for efficiency <ref>[[Wim Rens]] ('''1981'''). ''Grondslagen van computerschaak''. [http://home.kpn.nl/a.dikker1/museum/databus.html Databus] 06-81, pp. 13-15, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1981,%20Databus,%20Wim%20Rens,%20Grondslagen%20van%20computerschaak.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]]</ref> <span id="PieceCoding"></span>:
<pre>
7654 3210
king x110 1111
queen x000 1001
rook x000 0101
bishop x000 0011
knight x011 0011
pawn x001 0001
border 1100 0000
empty 0000 0000
</pre>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_significant_bit MSB], [[Bit|bit]] 7 is the piece color, x = 0 for white and x = 1 for black pieces. While [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_significant_bit LSB], bit 0, acts as piece indicator - set for any piece, the lower [[Nibble|nibble]] already contains their [[Point Value|point value]] equivalence in a {1,3,3,5,9,15} solution, luckily all values odd. The bits 1 to 4 (or even 0 to 4) may act as table index for [[Move Generation|move generation]] purpose, similar, bit 4 and 5 enumerate to the four possibly useful states of {[[Sliding Pieces|sliding piece]], [[Pawn|pawn]], [[King|king]], [[Knight|knight]]}. However, the leading code saving trick in conjunction with bit 6 after loading the code into the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accumulator_%28computing%29 accumulator] and shifting it left one (SLA) , is to use disjoint [[Z80]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_%28computing%29 processor flags] <ref>same flags as [[8080]], and even [[8086]], [[x86]] and [[x86-64]] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_flag parity] for the least significant byte</ref> with four [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_jump conditional jumps] in the right order for up to five cases to distinguish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_flag Zero flag] is set for empty squares, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_flag parity] (odd) for squares off the board, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_flag sign flag] in case of a king, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_flag carry] for black pieces and white pieces otherwise.
<pre>
LDA A,(SQUARE) ; get piece code to Accu (A)
SLA A ; A := A << 1
JP Z, EMPTY ; if ( A == 0 ) empty square
JP PO, OFFBOARD ; else if ( parity(A) is odd ) off the board
JP M, KING ; else if ( A < 0 ) occupied by king
JP C, BLACK ; else if ( carry ) occupied by black piece
JP WHITE ; else occupied by white piece
</pre>

=How it began=
[[Wim Rens]] in his June 1981 Databus article ''Grondslagen van computerschaak'' on how it began with [[Microtrend]] and Gambiet <ref>Free translation from Dutch, excerpt from: [[Wim Rens]] ('''1981'''). ''Grondslagen van computerschaak''. [http://home.kpn.nl/a.dikker1/museum/databus.html Databus] 06-81, pp. 13-15, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1981,%20Databus,%20Wim%20Rens,%20Grondslagen%20van%20computerschaak.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (Dutch)</ref>:
The second milestone of Gambiet's triumph <ref>first milestone was winning a match from [[IGM]] in early 1980</ref> was achieved under the watchful eye of the firm Microtrend. At home of one of their directors were two [[TRS-80|TSR-80's]], one running [[Sargon|Sargon II]], the other Gabmol <ref>Gabmol was Gambiet's initial name</ref>. Microtrend was looking for a chess game in their collection, and end of June a decision was made and a contract placed. The result was impressive: two equally fast Tandy computers and Gambiet had no trouble with the once-famous Sargon.

=Microtrend=
According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademarkia Trademarkia], [[Gambiet|GAMBIET]] was trademark by [[Microtrend|Microtrend International B.V.]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam Amsterdam], filed October 26, 1981, as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_trademark_law United States trademark], canceled September 13, 1989 <ref>[http://www.trademarkia.com/gambiet-73334547.html GAMBIET - Reviews & Brand Information - Microtrend International B.V. Amsterdam , Serial Number: 73334547]</ref>.
[[FILE:GambietInfo.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|link=http://books.google.com/books?id=Cz4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&source=bl&ots=NNPeGit1RW&sig=OJkQ8pLSOju5EpW1DBOGPrfQXlI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=X9B0T-WTJofesgacma29DQ&sqi=2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false]]
Gambiet order form by [[Microtrend]], U.S.A., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfoWorld InfoWorld], May 1981 <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Cz4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&source=bl&ots=NNPeGit1RW&sig=OJkQ8pLSOju5EpW1DBOGPrfQXlI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=X9B0T-WTJofesgacma29DQ&sqi=2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Gambiet order form], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InfoWorld InfoWorld], Vol. 3, No. 9, May 11, 1981, from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books Google Books]</ref>

=Selected Games=
==WMCCC 1980==
[[WMCCC 1980]], round 3, [[Gambiet|Gambiet 80]] - [[Sargon|Sargon 2.5 Auto RB]] <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/round.php?tournament=13&round=3&id=4 London 1980 - Chess - Round 3 - Game 4 (ICGA Tournaments)]</ref>
<pre>
[Event "WMCCC 1980"]
[Site "London, United Kingdom"]
[Date "1980.09.05"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Gambiet 80"]
[Black "Sargon 2.5 Auto RB"]
[Result "1-0"]

1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bb5+ Bd7 4.a4 Bxb5 5.axb5 Nf6 6.Nc3 Nbd7 7.O-O e5 8.d3 Be7
9.Be3 O-O 10.Qc1 Nb6 11.Kh1 Qd7 12.Bg5 Qe6 13.Rd1 Ng4 14.Be3 Rfc8 15.b3 d5
16.exd5 Qd7 17.d6 Bxd6 18.h4 Qe6 19.h5 Nf6 20.h6 Nbd5 21.Nxd5 Nxd5 22.hxg7 Nc3
23.Re1 Kxg7 24.Bd2 Nxb5 25.Bf4 f6 26.Bd2 Bf8 27.c4 Nd4 28.Bh6+ Kg6 29.Nxd4 cxd4
30.Bxf8 Rxf8 31.Kh2 Qb6 32.Qd1 h5 33.Kh3 Rac8 34.Kg3 Kg5 35.Qd2+ Kf5 36.Kh2 Rg8
37.b4 a6 38.c5 Qb5 39.Kh3 b6 40.cxb6 Rc3 41.Qa2 Rxd3+ 42.g3 Rb8 43.Qxa6 Rxb6
44.Qc8+ Kg5 45.Qc1+ Kg6 46.Rb1 Rc3 47.Qd1 Rc4 48.g4 hxg4+ 49.Qxg4+ Kf7 50.Qf5 Rxb4
51.Rxb4 Qxb4 52.Rxe5 Qc3+ 53.f3 d3 54.Qd7+ Kg6 55.Rd5 Rb3 56.Qe8+ Kg7 57.Qe7+ Kg6
58.Qe4+ Kg7 59.Rd7+ Kh6 60.Rh7+ Kg5 61.f4# 1-0
</pre>

==DOCCC 1982==
[[DOCCC 1982]], round 8, upcoming tournament winner Gambiet 82 loses from newcomer [[Rebel]] <ref>[http://www.csvn.nl/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=37&Itemid=26&lang=en&limitstart=30 Downloads | Open Dutch Computer Chess Championships | Games]</ref>
<pre>
[Event "DOCCC 1982"]
[Site "Wageningen NED"]
[Date "1982.10.??"]
[Round "8"]
[White "Gambiet 82"]
[Black "Rebel"]
[Result "0-1"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 O-O 9.h3 Na5
10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7 12.Nbd2 Bd7 13.d5 Rfc8 14.Qe2 Rab8 15.b3 Qb6 16.Qe3 Ra8 17.Bb2 Rc7
18.Bd3 Nh5 19.Bf1 Nf4 20.c4 Rb7 21.cxb5 Bxb5 22.Rac1 Bxf1 23.Kxf1 Qb5+ 24.Nc4 h6
25.Qc3 Nxc4 26.Qxc4 Nd3 27.Re2 Nxc1 28.Qxc1 Qd3 29.Ne1 Qb5 30.Qe3 Bg5 31.Qc3 Rbb8
32.Nd3 Qe8 33.Rc2 f6 34.a4 Qg6 35.Qc4 Rb7 36.b4 cxb4 37.Nxb4 Qh5 38.Re2 a5 39.Nd3 Qf7
40.Qc6 Qd7 41.Rc2 Rab8 42.Qc4 Rb3 43.Kg1 g6 44.Kh1 f5 45.Kg1 fxe4 46.Qxe4 Qf5
47.Qxf5 gxf5 48.Nxe5 Rxb2 49.Rxb2 Rxb2 50.Nc6 Kf7 51.g3 Kf6 52.f4 Rb1+ 53.Kf2 Bxf4
54.gxf4 Ra1 55.Ke3 Rxa4 56.h4 h5 57.Nd4 Ra1 58.Nb5 Rd1 59.Nxd6 Rxd5 60.Nc4 a4
61.Nb6 Ra5 62.Nc4 Rc5 63.Kd4 Rc8 64.Kd3 0-1
</pre>

=See also=
* [[Gambit]]
* [[GambitVB]]
* [[Kasparov's Gambit]]
* [[Microtrend]]
* [[Microtrend Experimental]]
* [[Videopac C 7010]]

=Publications=
* [[Wim Rens]] ('''1981'''). ''Grondslagen van computerschaak''. [http://home.kpn.nl/a.dikker1/museum/databus.html Databus] 06-81, pp. 13-15, [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/06-1981,%20Databus,%20Wim%20Rens,%20Grondslagen%20van%20computerschaak.pdf pdf] hosted by [[Hein Veldhuis]] (Dutch)
* [[John F. White]] ('''1982'''). ''[http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/31/review-chess-computers/ Review-Chess Computers - Software packages]''. [[Your Computer]], [http://yourcomputeronline.wordpress.com/2011/01/30/march-1982-contents-and-editorial/ March 1982]
* [http://www.necoma.nl/ Peter van Grijfland] ('''1982'''). ''Gambiet-82 Kampion van Nederland - Gambiet afgeslacht''. [http://www.schaakclub-hoogeveen.nl/ Hoogeveen], p. 16-18, [http://schaakclub-hoogeveen.nl/archief/aanzet/aanzet_okt1982.pdf pdf] (Dutch)

=External Links=
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=462 Gambiet's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://gambitvb.info/History.aspx GambitVB Chess - History] by [[Wim Rens|Willem Rens]]
* [http://www.theoldcomputer.com/roms/index.php?folder=Tandy-Radio-Shack/TRS-80-Model-III/Various/g Free Game Downloads|Tandy-Radio-Shack|TRS-80-Model-III ROMs]
* [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambiet Gambiet from Wikipedia.nl] (Dutch)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambit Gambit from Wikipedia]
* [[Videos#VolkerKriegel|Volker Kriegel]] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Jazz_and_Rock_Ensemble United Jazz and Rock Ensemble]: Circus Gambet, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f926PkrpaDQ|alignment=left|valignment=top}}

=References=
<references />

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