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Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Octavius''' FILE:Head Gaius Octavius Glyptothek Munich.jpg|border|right|thumb|200px| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Octavius'''
[[FILE:Head Gaius Octavius Glyptothek Munich.jpg|border|right|thumb|200px| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28praetor_61_BC%29 Gaius Octavius] <ref>Head of statue, thought to be Gaius Octavius, ca. 60 BC, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich Munich] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptothek Glyptothek], Room 11, Photo by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Bibi_Saint-Pol Bibi Saint-Pol], February 08, 2007, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28praetor_61_BC%29 Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC) from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Octavius''',<br/>
a chess engine by [[Luke Pellen]] relying purely on an [[Evaluation|evaluation]] based on a four-layer [[Neural Networks|neural network]] without any [[Material|material]] analysis, choosing the [[Moves|move]] with the best [[Score|score]] on its single output neuron, performing a one [[Ply|ply]] [[Search|look ahead]].
Despite [[Sebastian Thrun|Sebastian Thrun's]] remark, that using the raw [[Board Representation|board representation]] as input of a neural network is a poor choice <ref>[[Sebastian Thrun]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.nips7.neuro-chess.html Learning to Play the Game of Chess]''. [http://papers.nips.cc/paper/1007-learning-to-play-the-game-of-chess.pdf pdf]</ref>, but quite similar to one input representation of the [[Neural MoveMap Heuristic]] by [[Levente Kocsis]] et al. <ref>[[Levente Kocsis]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Eric Postma]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-40031-8_11 The Neural MoveMap Heuristic in Chess]''. [[CG 2002]], [http://www.pradu.us/old/Nov27_2008/Buzz/research/parallel/movemap_heuristic.pdf pdf]</ref>, Octavius has an input layer of 768 (12x64) nodes, a sequence of 12 numbers (11 or 12 times 0.0, 1 or 0 times 1.0) for each [[Squares|square]], where a 1.0 was given for the particular [[Pieces|piece]] (if any) residing on that square. Two hidden layers with 1024 and 512 nodes are feed forward to one output node, which represents the score of the position for one side to move. In total, Octavius' net has 2305 nodes with 1,311,232 connections.
=Selected Games=
Beginning in 1999, Octavius performed 284,552 [[Neural Networks#Backpropagation|backpropagations]] up to April 26, 2004, when it won its first game against his creator <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/D8ug0bq02Cs/SBikPRjdhJEJ Chess Neural Network: ANOTHER VICTORY FOR OCTAVIUS!] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 04, 2004</ref>:
<pre>
[Event "Octavius Test"]
[Site "Lukes Computer"]
[Date "2004.04.26"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Luke Pellen"]
[Black "Octavius P4Oct4.ann"]
[Result "0-1"]
1.e4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e5 3.Bb5 c6 4.Ba4 Bc5 5.Nf3 O-O 6.O-O d6 7.d3 Bg4
8.Bb3 Nh5 9.a3 Re8 10.Ba2 Qf6 11.Bg5 Qg6 12.b4 Bb6 13.Bh4 Nf4
14.Kh1 Nd7 15.g3 Nh3 16.Qe2 h5 17.Rae1 d5 18.exd5 cxd5 19.Nxd5 e4
20.dxe4 Rxe4 21.Qxe4 f5 22.Qe7 Bxf3# 0-1
</pre>
=See also=
* [[Neural Networks#engines|Chess Engines with Neural Networks]]
* [[Learning#Programs|Learning Chess Programs]]
* [[Neural MoveMap Heuristic]]
=Publications=
* [[Luke Pellen]] ('''2008'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5_25 How not to Imitate a Human Being]''. Chapter 25 in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Epstein Robert Epstein], Gary Roberts, Grace Beber (eds.) ('''2008'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6710-5 Parsing the Turing Test]''. Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/9y7t9kyOEB4/KECNKlUfFP0J announcement: Octavius V1.3 ANN chess s/w available...] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], June 22, 1999
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/xthKCFRJkeM/4WmiglfGPvgJ Re: Whatever happened to Neural Network Chess programs?] by Cnidarian, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], March 30, 2000
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.ai.neural-nets/QGhfg1k_yOg/wE8bEMCTW2UJ A WIN FOR OCTAVIUS! - Chess ANN] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], October 15, 2003
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/D8ug0bq02Cs/SBikPRjdhJEJ Chess Neural Network: ANOTHER VICTORY FOR OCTAVIUS!] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 04, 2004
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_%28disambiguation%29 Octavius (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_%28praenomen%29 Octavius (praenomen) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_%28gens%29 Octavia (gens) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28disambiguation%29 Gaius Octavius (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28praetor_61_BC%29 Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus Augustus from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_Mamilius Octavius Mamilius from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaf_Hen Eudaf Hen from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Octavius_of_Great_Britain Prince Octavius of Great Britain from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_%28ship%29 Octavius (ship) from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Nobility]]
[[FILE:Head Gaius Octavius Glyptothek Munich.jpg|border|right|thumb|200px| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28praetor_61_BC%29 Gaius Octavius] <ref>Head of statue, thought to be Gaius Octavius, ca. 60 BC, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich Munich] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyptothek Glyptothek], Room 11, Photo by [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Bibi_Saint-Pol Bibi Saint-Pol], February 08, 2007, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28praetor_61_BC%29 Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC) from Wikipedia]</ref> ]]
'''Octavius''',<br/>
a chess engine by [[Luke Pellen]] relying purely on an [[Evaluation|evaluation]] based on a four-layer [[Neural Networks|neural network]] without any [[Material|material]] analysis, choosing the [[Moves|move]] with the best [[Score|score]] on its single output neuron, performing a one [[Ply|ply]] [[Search|look ahead]].
Despite [[Sebastian Thrun|Sebastian Thrun's]] remark, that using the raw [[Board Representation|board representation]] as input of a neural network is a poor choice <ref>[[Sebastian Thrun]] ('''1995'''). ''[http://robots.stanford.edu/papers/thrun.nips7.neuro-chess.html Learning to Play the Game of Chess]''. [http://papers.nips.cc/paper/1007-learning-to-play-the-game-of-chess.pdf pdf]</ref>, but quite similar to one input representation of the [[Neural MoveMap Heuristic]] by [[Levente Kocsis]] et al. <ref>[[Levente Kocsis]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Eric Postma]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2002'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-40031-8_11 The Neural MoveMap Heuristic in Chess]''. [[CG 2002]], [http://www.pradu.us/old/Nov27_2008/Buzz/research/parallel/movemap_heuristic.pdf pdf]</ref>, Octavius has an input layer of 768 (12x64) nodes, a sequence of 12 numbers (11 or 12 times 0.0, 1 or 0 times 1.0) for each [[Squares|square]], where a 1.0 was given for the particular [[Pieces|piece]] (if any) residing on that square. Two hidden layers with 1024 and 512 nodes are feed forward to one output node, which represents the score of the position for one side to move. In total, Octavius' net has 2305 nodes with 1,311,232 connections.
=Selected Games=
Beginning in 1999, Octavius performed 284,552 [[Neural Networks#Backpropagation|backpropagations]] up to April 26, 2004, when it won its first game against his creator <ref>[https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/D8ug0bq02Cs/SBikPRjdhJEJ Chess Neural Network: ANOTHER VICTORY FOR OCTAVIUS!] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 04, 2004</ref>:
<pre>
[Event "Octavius Test"]
[Site "Lukes Computer"]
[Date "2004.04.26"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Luke Pellen"]
[Black "Octavius P4Oct4.ann"]
[Result "0-1"]
1.e4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e5 3.Bb5 c6 4.Ba4 Bc5 5.Nf3 O-O 6.O-O d6 7.d3 Bg4
8.Bb3 Nh5 9.a3 Re8 10.Ba2 Qf6 11.Bg5 Qg6 12.b4 Bb6 13.Bh4 Nf4
14.Kh1 Nd7 15.g3 Nh3 16.Qe2 h5 17.Rae1 d5 18.exd5 cxd5 19.Nxd5 e4
20.dxe4 Rxe4 21.Qxe4 f5 22.Qe7 Bxf3# 0-1
</pre>
=See also=
* [[Neural Networks#engines|Chess Engines with Neural Networks]]
* [[Learning#Programs|Learning Chess Programs]]
* [[Neural MoveMap Heuristic]]
=Publications=
* [[Luke Pellen]] ('''2008'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5_25 How not to Imitate a Human Being]''. Chapter 25 in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Epstein Robert Epstein], Gary Roberts, Grace Beber (eds.) ('''2008'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6710-5 Parsing the Turing Test]''. Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/9y7t9kyOEB4/KECNKlUfFP0J announcement: Octavius V1.3 ANN chess s/w available...] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], June 22, 1999
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/xthKCFRJkeM/4WmiglfGPvgJ Re: Whatever happened to Neural Network Chess programs?] by Cnidarian, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], March 30, 2000
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.ai.neural-nets/QGhfg1k_yOg/wE8bEMCTW2UJ A WIN FOR OCTAVIUS! - Chess ANN] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], October 15, 2003
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.games.chess.computer/D8ug0bq02Cs/SBikPRjdhJEJ Chess Neural Network: ANOTHER VICTORY FOR OCTAVIUS!] by [[Luke Pellen]], [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], May 04, 2004
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_%28disambiguation%29 Octavius (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_%28praenomen%29 Octavius (praenomen) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavia_%28gens%29 Octavia (gens) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28disambiguation%29 Gaius Octavius (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Octavius_%28praetor_61_BC%29 Gaius Octavius (praetor 61 BC) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus Augustus from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_Mamilius Octavius Mamilius from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaf_Hen Eudaf Hen from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Octavius_of_Great_Britain Prince Octavius of Great Britain from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_%28ship%29 Octavius (ship) from Wikipedia]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Nobility]]
