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Wing
,Created page with "'''Home * Engines * Wing''' [[FILE:Lift-force-en.svg|border|right|thumb| Forces acting on a wing <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force Forces] acting on..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Wing'''
[[FILE:Lift-force-en.svg|border|right|thumb| Forces acting on a wing <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force Forces] acting on a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing wing], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust thrust], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29 lift], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29 drag], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight weight], Image by Bartosz Kosiorek, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_flight Bird flight from Wikipedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Wing''',<br/>
a [[WinBoard]] compliant chess engine by [[Stef Luijten]] written in [[Cpp|C++]], first released in October 2004. Initially influenced by [[Crafty]] <ref>[http://computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=computer_chess:wiki:lists:chess_engine_list Chess Engine List] from [[Ron Murawski|Ron Murawski's]] [http://computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=home Computer-Chess Wiki]</ref>, Wing was released as [[:Category:Open Source|open source]] in December 2010 to demonstrate the basics of chess programming <ref>[http://kirr.homeunix.org/chess/engines/Jim%20Ablett/WING/ Index of /chess/engines/Jim Ablett/WING] by [[Jim Ablett]], hosted by [[Kirill Kryukov]]</ref>, shortly before Stef Luijten started his [[Winglet]] tutorial ''Writing a Chess Program in 99 Steps'' <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20120621100214/http://www.sluijten.com/winglet/ Winglet, Writing a Chess Program in 99 Steps] by [[Stef Luijten]], hosted by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]</ref>.
=Description=
==Board Representation==
Wing is a [[Bitboards|bitboard]] engine and determines [[Sliding Piece Attacks|sliding piece attacks]] using [[Rotated Bitboards|rotated bitboards]]. The [[First Rank Attacks#TheOuterSquares|inner six bits]] optimization yields to four lookup tables of 64x64x8 bytes, that is 32-KiB each or 1/8 MiB in total for [[Ranks|ranks]], [[Files|files]], [[Diagonals|diagonals]] and [[Anti-Diagonals|anti-diagonals]]. Interestingly, this attack table layout was preserved in [[Winglet]], when line-wise occupied states were [[Flipping Mirroring and Rotating#RankFileAndDiagonal|rotated]] on the fly by [[Magic Bitboards|magic multiplication]] and shift right.
==Search==
Wing performs a [[Negamax|negamax]] [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta]] [[Search|search]] with conditional compiled (default on) [[Principal Variation Search|PVS]] inside the [[Iterative Deepening|iterative deepening]] framework without [[Aspiration Windows|aspiration windows]]. The recent version has a [[Transposition Table#ReplacementStrategies|always replace]] [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] using [[Zobrist Hashing|Zobrist keys]], while earlier versions used an additional [[Transposition Table#ReplacementStrategies|depth-preferred replacement table]] <ref>[http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?t=3838 Hash table hit rate] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], November 16, 2005</ref>. As stated by its author in 2006, Wing has gained over 100 ELO points from adding [[Late Move Reductions|history pruning]] <ref>[http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4435&p=23032#p23032 Re: history pruning/ late move pruning] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], March 02, 2006</ref>, while the published sources lack LMR.
===[[Selectivity]]===
* [[Check Extensions]]
* [[Null Move Pruning]]
* [[Quiescence Search]]
* [[Recapture Extensions]]
* [[Passed Pawn Extensions]]
* [[Mate Threat Extensions|Threat Extensions]]
* [[Futility Pruning]]
* [[Futility Pruning#Extendedfutilitypruning|Extended Futility Pruning]]
* [[Razoring]]
===[[Move Ordering]]===
* [[Principal Variation|Principal Variation Extraction from TT]]
* [[Killer Heuristic]]
* [[History Heuristic]]
* [[MVV-LVA]]
==[[Evaluation]]==
* [[Material#Balance|Material Balance]]
* [[Piece-Square Tables]]
* [[Development]]
* [[Mobility]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
: [[Backward Pawn]]
: [[Doubled Pawn]]
: [[Isolated Pawn]]
: [[Passed Pawn]]
: [[Connected Passed Pawns]]
* [[Pawn Hash Table]]
* [[Bishop Pair]]
* [[Rook on Open File]]
* [[King Safety]] in [[Opening]], [[Middlegame]]
: [[King Safety#PawnShield|Pawn Shield]]
: [[King Safety#KingTropism|King Tropism]]
* [[King Centralization]] in [[Endgame]]
=See also=
* [[Crafty]]
* [[Little Wing]]
* [[Winglet]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=378 Wing exit from Winboard!] by Pablo, [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], October 25, 2004
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=459128 wing engine files] by Adam Wilks, [[CCC]]], November 01, 2005
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?t=3838 Hash table hit rate] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], November 16, 2005 » [[Transposition Table]]
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4435&p=23032#p23032 Re: history pruning/ late move pruning] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], March 02, 2006
=External Links=
==Chess Engine==
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/404/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Wing&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Wing] from [[CCRL|CCRL 40/4]]
* [http://www.computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=computer_chess:wiki:download:engine_download_list Download List] from [[Ron Murawski|Ron Murawski's]] [http://computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=home Computer-Chess Wiki]
* [http://kirr.homeunix.org/chess/engines/Jim%20Ablett/WING/ Index of /chess/engines/Jim Ablett/WING] by [[Jim Ablett]], hosted by [[Kirill Kryukov]]
==Chess==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_Gambit Wing Gambit from Wikipedia]
==Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing Wing from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_%28disambiguation%29 Wing (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_%28building%29 Wing (building) from Wikipedia]
* [[Videos#Focus|Focus]] - [http://www.focustheband.com/focusdisc.htm Angle Wings], Live at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Grey_Whistle_Test Old Grey Whistle Test] 1976, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: Line-up: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thijs_van_Leer Thijs van Leer], [[Videos#PhilipCatherine|Philip Catherine]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Ruiter Bert Ruiter], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kemper David Kemper]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12L57vsovEc|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:WinBoard]]
[[Category:XBoard]]
[[Category:Focus]]
[[Category:Philip Catherine]]
[[FILE:Lift-force-en.svg|border|right|thumb| Forces acting on a wing <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force Forces] acting on a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing wing], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust thrust], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29 lift], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29 drag], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight weight], Image by Bartosz Kosiorek, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_flight Bird flight from Wikipedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons Wikimedia Commons]</ref> ]]
'''Wing''',<br/>
a [[WinBoard]] compliant chess engine by [[Stef Luijten]] written in [[Cpp|C++]], first released in October 2004. Initially influenced by [[Crafty]] <ref>[http://computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=computer_chess:wiki:lists:chess_engine_list Chess Engine List] from [[Ron Murawski|Ron Murawski's]] [http://computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=home Computer-Chess Wiki]</ref>, Wing was released as [[:Category:Open Source|open source]] in December 2010 to demonstrate the basics of chess programming <ref>[http://kirr.homeunix.org/chess/engines/Jim%20Ablett/WING/ Index of /chess/engines/Jim Ablett/WING] by [[Jim Ablett]], hosted by [[Kirill Kryukov]]</ref>, shortly before Stef Luijten started his [[Winglet]] tutorial ''Writing a Chess Program in 99 Steps'' <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20120621100214/http://www.sluijten.com/winglet/ Winglet, Writing a Chess Program in 99 Steps] by [[Stef Luijten]], hosted by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine]</ref>.
=Description=
==Board Representation==
Wing is a [[Bitboards|bitboard]] engine and determines [[Sliding Piece Attacks|sliding piece attacks]] using [[Rotated Bitboards|rotated bitboards]]. The [[First Rank Attacks#TheOuterSquares|inner six bits]] optimization yields to four lookup tables of 64x64x8 bytes, that is 32-KiB each or 1/8 MiB in total for [[Ranks|ranks]], [[Files|files]], [[Diagonals|diagonals]] and [[Anti-Diagonals|anti-diagonals]]. Interestingly, this attack table layout was preserved in [[Winglet]], when line-wise occupied states were [[Flipping Mirroring and Rotating#RankFileAndDiagonal|rotated]] on the fly by [[Magic Bitboards|magic multiplication]] and shift right.
==Search==
Wing performs a [[Negamax|negamax]] [[Alpha-Beta|alpha-beta]] [[Search|search]] with conditional compiled (default on) [[Principal Variation Search|PVS]] inside the [[Iterative Deepening|iterative deepening]] framework without [[Aspiration Windows|aspiration windows]]. The recent version has a [[Transposition Table#ReplacementStrategies|always replace]] [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] using [[Zobrist Hashing|Zobrist keys]], while earlier versions used an additional [[Transposition Table#ReplacementStrategies|depth-preferred replacement table]] <ref>[http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?t=3838 Hash table hit rate] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], November 16, 2005</ref>. As stated by its author in 2006, Wing has gained over 100 ELO points from adding [[Late Move Reductions|history pruning]] <ref>[http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4435&p=23032#p23032 Re: history pruning/ late move pruning] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], March 02, 2006</ref>, while the published sources lack LMR.
===[[Selectivity]]===
* [[Check Extensions]]
* [[Null Move Pruning]]
* [[Quiescence Search]]
* [[Recapture Extensions]]
* [[Passed Pawn Extensions]]
* [[Mate Threat Extensions|Threat Extensions]]
* [[Futility Pruning]]
* [[Futility Pruning#Extendedfutilitypruning|Extended Futility Pruning]]
* [[Razoring]]
===[[Move Ordering]]===
* [[Principal Variation|Principal Variation Extraction from TT]]
* [[Killer Heuristic]]
* [[History Heuristic]]
* [[MVV-LVA]]
==[[Evaluation]]==
* [[Material#Balance|Material Balance]]
* [[Piece-Square Tables]]
* [[Development]]
* [[Mobility]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
: [[Backward Pawn]]
: [[Doubled Pawn]]
: [[Isolated Pawn]]
: [[Passed Pawn]]
: [[Connected Passed Pawns]]
* [[Pawn Hash Table]]
* [[Bishop Pair]]
* [[Rook on Open File]]
* [[King Safety]] in [[Opening]], [[Middlegame]]
: [[King Safety#PawnShield|Pawn Shield]]
: [[King Safety#KingTropism|King Tropism]]
* [[King Centralization]] in [[Endgame]]
=See also=
* [[Crafty]]
* [[Little Wing]]
* [[Winglet]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=378 Wing exit from Winboard!] by Pablo, [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], October 25, 2004
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=459128 wing engine files] by Adam Wilks, [[CCC]]], November 01, 2005
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?t=3838 Hash table hit rate] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], November 16, 2005 » [[Transposition Table]]
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4435&p=23032#p23032 Re: history pruning/ late move pruning] by [[Stef Luijten]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], March 02, 2006
=External Links=
==Chess Engine==
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/404/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Wing&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Wing] from [[CCRL|CCRL 40/4]]
* [http://www.computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=computer_chess:wiki:download:engine_download_list Download List] from [[Ron Murawski|Ron Murawski's]] [http://computer-chess.org/doku.php?id=home Computer-Chess Wiki]
* [http://kirr.homeunix.org/chess/engines/Jim%20Ablett/WING/ Index of /chess/engines/Jim Ablett/WING] by [[Jim Ablett]], hosted by [[Kirill Kryukov]]
==Chess==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_Gambit Wing Gambit from Wikipedia]
==Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing Wing from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_%28disambiguation%29 Wing (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_%28building%29 Wing (building) from Wikipedia]
* [[Videos#Focus|Focus]] - [http://www.focustheband.com/focusdisc.htm Angle Wings], Live at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Grey_Whistle_Test Old Grey Whistle Test] 1976, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: Line-up: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thijs_van_Leer Thijs van Leer], [[Videos#PhilipCatherine|Philip Catherine]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Ruiter Bert Ruiter], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kemper David Kemper]
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12L57vsovEc|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:WinBoard]]
[[Category:XBoard]]
[[Category:Focus]]
[[Category:Philip Catherine]]
