25,161
edits
Changes
Unix
,Created page with "'''Home * Software * Unix''' '''Unix''', (UNIX)<br/> a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking multitasking], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Software]] * Unix'''
'''Unix''', (UNIX)<br/>
a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking multitasking], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user multi-user] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system operating system] developed in 1969 by a group of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Telephone_%26_Telegraph_Company AT&T] employees at [[Bell Laboratories|Bell Labs]], including [[Ken Thompson]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kernighan Brian Kernighan], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McIlroy Douglas McIlroy], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Ossanna Joe Ossanna] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix Unix from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Components=
Unix consists of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_%28computing%29 Kernel], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell Shell] that provides a traditional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface command-line user interface] as well as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language scripting language], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unix_utilities Utility programs]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface Graphical user interfaces] for Unix, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE KDE], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce Xfce] based on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System X Window System] <ref>[http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~wwwutz/Unix_Haters/old/x-windows.html The X-Windows Disaster - How to make a 50-MIPS Workstation Run Like a 4.77MHz IBM PC], Chapter 7 of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_UNIX-HATERS_Handbook UNIX-HATERS Handbook]. The X-Windows Disaster chapter was written by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Hopkins Don Hopkins]</ref> are called visual or graphical shells.
=Philosophy=
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy Unix philosophy] was summarized by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McIlroy Doug McIlroy], the inventor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_%28Unix%29 Unix pipes]: ''Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams text streams], because that is a universal interface''. This paradigm was archetype of both primary [[Protocols]] in computer chess, to communicate with a [[GUI]] or game playing controllers and servers, the [[Chess Engine Communication Protocol]], and [[UCI]].
=Unix-Systems=
[[FILE:Unix timeline.en.svg|none|border|text-bottom]]
Unix genealogy tree <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_wars Unix wars from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX AIX]
* [[Android]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution Berkeley Software Distribution]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD FreeBSD]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD OpenBSD]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_%28operating_system%29 Darwin]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU GNU]
* [[Linux]]
* [[Mac OS]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX MINIX]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_%28operating_system%29 Solaris]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunOS SunOS]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tru64_UNIX Tru64 UNIX]
: <span id="Digital"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tru64_UNIX#Digital_UNIX Digital UNIX]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V UNIX System V]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenix Xenix]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.thisoldmicro.com/show/ancient-unix/post/50/early-unix-documents Early UNIX Documents - Ancient UNIX - Blog - This Old Micro]</ref>
* [[Ken Thompson]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] ('''1971'''). ''[http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/1stEdman.html UNIX Programmer's Manual]''. [[Bell Laboratories|Bell Telephone Laboratories]], [http://www.vector.comm.sfu.ca/pups/PDP-11/Distributions/research/Dennis_v5/v5man.pdf 5th Edition 1974 as pdf], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/index.html 7th Edition 1979]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simson_Garfinkel Simson Garfinkel], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/weise/ Daniel Weise], and [http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=61097 Steven Strassmann] (eds.) ('''1994'''). ''[http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/weise/unix-haters.html The Unix-Haters Handbook]''. ISBN 1-56884-203-1.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] ('''2001'''). ''[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/ken-games.html Ken, Unix, and Games]'', [[ICGA Journal]], [http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content24-2.htm Vol. 24. No. 2]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond Eric S. Raymond] ('''2003'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Unix_Programming The Art of Unix Programming]''. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-142901-7, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison-Wesley Addison-Wesley]
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]] ('''2011'''). ''The 2011 Japan Prize Awarded to Unix Pioneers''. [[ICGA Journal]] Vol. 34, No. 1 <ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6970 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie win Japan 'Nobel' Prize], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 26, 2011</ref>
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=6461 Compiling for Unix] by [[Pradu Kannan]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], May 08, 2007 » [[Buzz]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=53796 Escape from the Unix Cosmic Background Radiation] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], September 23, 2014
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix Unix from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_architecture Unix architecture from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like Unix-like from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy Unix philosophy from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification Single UNIX Specification from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_wars Unix wars from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX POSIX from Wikipedia]
* [[Ken Thompson]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] Explain UNIX ([[Bell Laboratories|Bell Labs]]), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoVQTPbD6UY?rel=0|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Software|Up one Level]]'''
'''Unix''', (UNIX)<br/>
a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_multitasking multitasking], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user multi-user] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system operating system] developed in 1969 by a group of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Telephone_%26_Telegraph_Company AT&T] employees at [[Bell Laboratories|Bell Labs]], including [[Ken Thompson]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kernighan Brian Kernighan], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McIlroy Douglas McIlroy], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Ossanna Joe Ossanna] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix Unix from Wikipedia]</ref>.
=Components=
Unix consists of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_%28computing%29 Kernel], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell Shell] that provides a traditional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface command-line user interface] as well as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language scripting language], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unix_utilities Utility programs]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface Graphical user interfaces] for Unix, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE KDE], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce Xfce] based on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System X Window System] <ref>[http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~wwwutz/Unix_Haters/old/x-windows.html The X-Windows Disaster - How to make a 50-MIPS Workstation Run Like a 4.77MHz IBM PC], Chapter 7 of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_UNIX-HATERS_Handbook UNIX-HATERS Handbook]. The X-Windows Disaster chapter was written by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Hopkins Don Hopkins]</ref> are called visual or graphical shells.
=Philosophy=
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy Unix philosophy] was summarized by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McIlroy Doug McIlroy], the inventor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_%28Unix%29 Unix pipes]: ''Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams text streams], because that is a universal interface''. This paradigm was archetype of both primary [[Protocols]] in computer chess, to communicate with a [[GUI]] or game playing controllers and servers, the [[Chess Engine Communication Protocol]], and [[UCI]].
=Unix-Systems=
[[FILE:Unix timeline.en.svg|none|border|text-bottom]]
Unix genealogy tree <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_wars Unix wars from Wikipedia]</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AIX AIX]
* [[Android]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution Berkeley Software Distribution]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD FreeBSD]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD OpenBSD]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_%28operating_system%29 Darwin]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU GNU]
* [[Linux]]
* [[Mac OS]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX MINIX]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_%28operating_system%29 Solaris]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunOS SunOS]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tru64_UNIX Tru64 UNIX]
: <span id="Digital"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tru64_UNIX#Digital_UNIX Digital UNIX]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V UNIX System V]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenix Xenix]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[http://www.thisoldmicro.com/show/ancient-unix/post/50/early-unix-documents Early UNIX Documents - Ancient UNIX - Blog - This Old Micro]</ref>
* [[Ken Thompson]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] ('''1971'''). ''[http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/1stEdman.html UNIX Programmer's Manual]''. [[Bell Laboratories|Bell Telephone Laboratories]], [http://www.vector.comm.sfu.ca/pups/PDP-11/Distributions/research/Dennis_v5/v5man.pdf 5th Edition 1974 as pdf], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/7thEdMan/index.html 7th Edition 1979]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simson_Garfinkel Simson Garfinkel], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/weise/ Daniel Weise], and [http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=61097 Steven Strassmann] (eds.) ('''1994'''). ''[http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/weise/unix-haters.html The Unix-Haters Handbook]''. ISBN 1-56884-203-1.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] ('''2001'''). ''[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/ken-games.html Ken, Unix, and Games]'', [[ICGA Journal]], [http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/journal/contents/content24-2.htm Vol. 24. No. 2]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond Eric S. Raymond] ('''2003'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Unix_Programming The Art of Unix Programming]''. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-142901-7, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison-Wesley Addison-Wesley]
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]] ('''2011'''). ''The 2011 Japan Prize Awarded to Unix Pioneers''. [[ICGA Journal]] Vol. 34, No. 1 <ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6970 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie win Japan 'Nobel' Prize], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 26, 2011</ref>
=Forum Posts=
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=6461 Compiling for Unix] by [[Pradu Kannan]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], May 08, 2007 » [[Buzz]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=53796 Escape from the Unix Cosmic Background Radiation] by [[Steven Edwards]], [[CCC]], September 23, 2014
=External Links=
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix Unix from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_architecture Unix architecture from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like Unix-like from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy Unix philosophy from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification Single UNIX Specification from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_wars Unix wars from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX POSIX from Wikipedia]
* [[Ken Thompson]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie Dennis Ritchie] Explain UNIX ([[Bell Laboratories|Bell Labs]]), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoVQTPbD6UY?rel=0|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Software|Up one Level]]'''
