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'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Engines]] * Turbostar'''
[[FILE:Turbostar432.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/7248309234/in/set-72157600922172552|Scisys TurboStar 432 with KSO Module <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600922172552/ 5.Scisys/Saitek: Flickr - Fotosharing] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]</ref>]]
'''Turbostar''', (SciSys Kasparov Turbostar)<br/>
a series of [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] manufactured by [[Saitek|SciSys]] as successor of the [[Superstar|Superstar 36K]], also with 4 KiB of [[Memory#RAM|RAM]] and 32 KiB of [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] within a [[6502]] processor at 4 MHz, twice the speed of the Superstar. The computer was first released in 1984 in direct competition with the [[Novag]] [[Super Constellation]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
The enhanced program was the work of [[Heuristic Software]] as well, written by CEO [[Julio Kaplan]], co-authored by [[Craig Barnes]]. Kaplan contends a quantum leap between the previous SciSys Superstar machine and the current Turbostar. The Turbostar is much faster. Further there's been a considerable improvement in designing efficient [[Search Tree|search trees]], with improved [[Pruning|pruning]] <ref>[http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?author=Michael+Ciraolo&mag=antic Michael Ciraolo] ('''1985'''). ''[http://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/ComputerChess.html Computer CHESS Programming]''. [http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?issue=v4n3 Antic Vol. 4, No. 3]</ref>.
=Kasparov's Endorsement=
With Turbostar, [[Garry Kasparov]] started his cooperation with SciSys to endorse their products - Kasparov became additional brand name <ref>[http://www.p4r.org.ar/biografias/kaplan.htm Interview with Julio P Kaplan], July 8, 2006 (Spanish), [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF-8&sl=es&tl=en&u=http://www.p4r.org.ar/biografias/kaplan.htm&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&usg=ALkJrhhXNUo5sE0OEKy4T59pTmDVm-MprA translated to English] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]</ref>. He was also engaged as [[Opening Book Authors|opening book author]], applied as Kasparov Selected Openings (KSO) module.
=KSO=
The Kasparov Selected Openings 8 KiB ROM module featured many of Garry Kasparov’s favorite opening lines and contain an additional program which allows it to recognize [[Transposition|transpositions]] <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/turbostar_432_kso.html SciSys Kasparov Turbostar 432 KSO Electronic Chess Computer], [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>. It did not arrive until early 1985 <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
<span id="KasparovSimul"></span>
=Selected Games=
==Kasparov Simul==
[[Garry Kasparov]] played a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition simultaneous exhibition] [[Kasparov simul vs 32 micro Hamburg 1985|versus 32 chess computers]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg Hamburg], 1985, organized by the German weekly magazine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] and [[ChessBase]] <ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13514816.html Fast sicheren Sieg verschenkt], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 25/1985, June 17, 1985 (German)</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=46497 Kasparov simul vs 30 micro hamburg 1984 ?] by [[Vincent Lejeune]], [[CCC]], December 19, 2012</ref>. He won with a perfect 32-0 score, and according to Kasparov in an Spiegel article, one [[Turbostar|Turbostar 432]] might have missed the win with 37...Qa4 instead of Qb3 <ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1070151 Garry Kasparov vs Turbostar (Computer) (1985)] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]</ref>:
<pre>
[Event "Kasparov sim-32 (26)"]
[Site "Hamburg"]
[Date "1985.06.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Garry Kasparov"]
[Black "Turbostar 432"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.c4 e6 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 d5 4.Nf3 dxc4 5.O-O c6 6.a4 Be7 7.Qc2 Nbd7 8.Qxc4 Nb6
9.Qc2 Nfd5 10.Nc3 Nb4 11.Qd1 O-O 12.d4 a5 13.e4 Bd7 14.Qe2 Be8 15.Rd1 f6
16.Be3 Bh5 17.h3 f5 18.Bf4 Qd7 19.Re1 Bxf3 20.Bxf3 Bd6 21.Bxd6 Qxd6 22.Rad1
f4 23.g4 Rad8 24.Rd2 e5 25.d5 h6 26.Red1 c5 27.Qb5 Ra8 28.Qf1 Qd7 29.b3 c4
30.bxc4 Rac8 31.g5 Nxc4 32.Ra2 Nxa2 33.Nxa2 Qxa4 34.gxh6 Qxa2 35.Qg2 Rc7
36.d6 Rd7 37.Bg4 Qb3 38.Bxd7 Qxd1+ 39.Kh2 Rf7 40.Be6 Kf8 41.h7 Nxd6 42.h8=Q+
Ke7 43.Bxf7 Nxf7 44.Qhxg7 1-0
</pre>
Kasparov's quote in ''Chess Metaphors: Artificial Intelligence and the Human Mind'' by [[Diego Rasskin-Gutman]] on that game <ref>[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/feb/11/the-chess-master-and-the-computer/ The Chess Master and the Computer - Garry Kasparov] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books The New York Review of Books], February 11, 2010</ref> <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/post/che-metaphors-artificial-intelligence-and-the-human-mind Chess Metaphors – Artificial Intelligence and the Human Mind] by [[Diego Rasskin-Gutman]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 28, 2010</ref>:
At one point I realized that I was drifting into trouble in a game against one of the “Kasparov” brand models. If this machine scored a win or even a draw, people would be quick to say that I had thrown the game to get PR for the company, so I had to intensify my efforts. Eventually I found a way to trick the machine with a sacrifice it should have refused. From the human perspective, or at least from my perspective, those were the good old days of man vs. machine chess.
==WMCCC 1985==
Three Turbostars played the [[WMCCC 1985]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam Amsterdam] with 3½, 3 and 2½ points out of 8 rounds respectively, finishing in the lower half of the field. The round 1 game, [[Blitz Monster|Blitz Monster Y]] aka [[Super Constellation]] versus the most successful [[Turbostar|Turbostar K]] <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/round.php?tournament=63&round=1&id=1 Amsterdam 1985 - Chess - Round 1 - Game 1 (ICGA Tournaments)]</ref>:
<pre>
[Event "WMCCC 1985"]
[Site "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"]
[Date "1985.09.07"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Blitz Monster Y"]
[Black "Turbostar K"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 c5 4.d5 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.Nc3 g6 7.g3 Bg7 8.Bg2 O-O
9.O-O Bg4 10.h3 Bxf3 11.Bxf3 Nbd7 12.Re1 Ne5 13.Bg2 Qb6 14.e4 c4 15.Rb1 Nd3
16.Be3 Qb4 17.Rf1 Nd7 18.Qc2 Qa5 19.a3 Rfe8 20.b4 Qa6 21.a4 Rec8 22.Nb5 Kf8
23.f4 Kg8 24.Bd4 Bxd4+ 25.Nxd4 Kf8 26.Kh2 Rab8 27.Nb5 Qb6 28.Qc3 f6 29.Nd4
Qa6 30.b5 Qxa4 31.Ra1 Qb4 32.Qxb4 Nxb4 33.Rxa7 Nd3 34.Rf3 Kg8 35.Bf1 N7c5
36.Bxd3 cxd3 37.Ra2 Nxe4 38.Rxd3 Nc3 39.Rb2 Nxd5 40.Nf5 Nxf4 41.gxf4 gxf5
42.Rxd6 Kf7 43.Rd7+ Ke6 44.Rxh7 Rc4 45.Kg3 Rg8+ 46.Kh2 b6 47.Rb7 Rxf4
48.Rxb6+ Ke5 49.Rc6 Rd4 50.b6 Rgd8 51.b7 Rd2+ 52.Rxd2 Rxd2+ 53.Kg3 Rb2
54.Rc7 Rb3+ 55.Kg2 Kf4 56.Kf1 Rb2 57.h4 Kf3 58.Ke1 Kg4 59.Rh7 f4 60.Kd1
f3 61.Kc1 Rb6 62.Rg7+ Kxh4 63.Kd2 f2 64.Ke2 Rb2+ 65.Kf1 Kh5 66.Kg2 f1=Q+
67.Kxf1 Kh6 1/2-1/2
</pre>
=Turbostar 2600=
In 1994, [[Saitek]] announced the ''Turbostar 2600'' with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computing RISC] program by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], but it was not released <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Saitek_Turbostar_2600 Saitek Turbostar 2600] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Various Classifications#Astronomy|Astronomy]]
* [[Superstar]]
* [[Turbo Chess]] by [[Kaare Danielsen]]
* [[Turbo Chess (GB)|Turbo Chess]] by [[Chris Thornton]]
* [[Turbo King]]
* [[Pascal#TurboPascal|Turbo Pascal]]
=Publications=
* [http://www.saitek.com/manuals/turbostar432.pdf Turbostar 432 - Saitek manual] (pdf) with Welcome by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov]
* [http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?author=Michael+Ciraolo&mag=antic Michael Ciraolo] ('''1985'''). ''[http://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/ComputerChess.html Computer CHESS Programming]''. [http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?issue=v4n3 Antic Vol. 4, No. 3] » [[Chess 7.0]]
* [[Dirk Frickenschmidt]] ('''1985'''). ''Der Geheimtip - Turbostar 432''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] 1/85 (German)
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13514816.html Fast sicheren Sieg verschenkt], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 25/1985, June 17, 1985 (German)
* [[Dirk Frickenschmidt]] ('''1985'''). ''Ein Turbo auf der Überholspur. 8000 Halbzüge auf einem Chip: Das KSO-Modul im Turbostar''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] 5/85
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/02-1985%20%5BE-0301%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20432.pdf SciSys - Kasparov Turbostar 432] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/10-1986%20%5BA-6144%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20540+.pdf SciSys – Kasparov Turbostar 540+] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/11-1986%20%5BA-6153%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20640.pdf SciSys – Kasparov Turbostar 640] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/12-1986%20%5BA-6156%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20740%20production%20samples.pdf SciSys - Kasparov Turbostar 740 (production samples)] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/f09918d6e1aa0ee6 Change in Saitek Programming] by Jerome Tarshis, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], November 14, 1996
* [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=4171&sid=0c7f70c92feb08be5b46af0b18a28f68 Kasparov Turbostar 2600] by Larry, [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], May 24, 2011
* [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=4835&sid=6e7b99ee07a1ab623fa8a17569d2e4a6 Collector's Corner...On The Scisys TurboStar 540 Plus] by [[Steve Blincoe]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], May 25, 2012
=External Links=
==Turbostar Chess Computer==
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=493 Turbostar's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=29798 The chess games of Turbostar] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_540__.html Turbostar 540 +] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/turbostar_432_kso.html SciSys Kasparov Turbostar 432 KSO Electronic Chess Computer], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/SciSys_Turbostar_432 SciSys Turbostar 432] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/SciSys_Turbostar_540 SciSys Turbostar 540] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Saitek_Turbostar_2600 Saitek Turbostar 2600] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)
==Turbo & Star Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_%28disambiguation%29 Turbo (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_%28gastropod%29 Turbo (gastropod) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomachinery Turbomachinery from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_%28disambiguation%29 Star (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star Star from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turbo turbo - Wiktionary:]
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/star star - Wiktionary]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:Turbostar432.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/7248309234/in/set-72157600922172552|Scisys TurboStar 432 with KSO Module <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/10261668@N05/sets/72157600922172552/ 5.Scisys/Saitek: Flickr - Fotosharing] by [[Steve Blincoe|Chewbanta]]</ref>]]
'''Turbostar''', (SciSys Kasparov Turbostar)<br/>
a series of [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] manufactured by [[Saitek|SciSys]] as successor of the [[Superstar|Superstar 36K]], also with 4 KiB of [[Memory#RAM|RAM]] and 32 KiB of [[Memory#ROM|ROM]] within a [[6502]] processor at 4 MHz, twice the speed of the Superstar. The computer was first released in 1984 in direct competition with the [[Novag]] [[Super Constellation]] <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
The enhanced program was the work of [[Heuristic Software]] as well, written by CEO [[Julio Kaplan]], co-authored by [[Craig Barnes]]. Kaplan contends a quantum leap between the previous SciSys Superstar machine and the current Turbostar. The Turbostar is much faster. Further there's been a considerable improvement in designing efficient [[Search Tree|search trees]], with improved [[Pruning|pruning]] <ref>[http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?author=Michael+Ciraolo&mag=antic Michael Ciraolo] ('''1985'''). ''[http://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/ComputerChess.html Computer CHESS Programming]''. [http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?issue=v4n3 Antic Vol. 4, No. 3]</ref>.
=Kasparov's Endorsement=
With Turbostar, [[Garry Kasparov]] started his cooperation with SciSys to endorse their products - Kasparov became additional brand name <ref>[http://www.p4r.org.ar/biografias/kaplan.htm Interview with Julio P Kaplan], July 8, 2006 (Spanish), [http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=de&ie=UTF-8&sl=es&tl=en&u=http://www.p4r.org.ar/biografias/kaplan.htm&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&usg=ALkJrhhXNUo5sE0OEKy4T59pTmDVm-MprA translated to English] by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate Google Translate]</ref>. He was also engaged as [[Opening Book Authors|opening book author]], applied as Kasparov Selected Openings (KSO) module.
=KSO=
The Kasparov Selected Openings 8 KiB ROM module featured many of Garry Kasparov’s favorite opening lines and contain an additional program which allows it to recognize [[Transposition|transpositions]] <ref>[http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/turbostar_432_kso.html SciSys Kasparov Turbostar 432 KSO Electronic Chess Computer], [[The Spacious Mind]]</ref>. It did not arrive until early 1985 <ref>[http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]</ref>.
<span id="KasparovSimul"></span>
=Selected Games=
==Kasparov Simul==
[[Garry Kasparov]] played a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition simultaneous exhibition] [[Kasparov simul vs 32 micro Hamburg 1985|versus 32 chess computers]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg Hamburg], 1985, organized by the German weekly magazine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] and [[ChessBase]] <ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13514816.html Fast sicheren Sieg verschenkt], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 25/1985, June 17, 1985 (German)</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=46497 Kasparov simul vs 30 micro hamburg 1984 ?] by [[Vincent Lejeune]], [[CCC]], December 19, 2012</ref>. He won with a perfect 32-0 score, and according to Kasparov in an Spiegel article, one [[Turbostar|Turbostar 432]] might have missed the win with 37...Qa4 instead of Qb3 <ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1070151 Garry Kasparov vs Turbostar (Computer) (1985)] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]</ref>:
<pre>
[Event "Kasparov sim-32 (26)"]
[Site "Hamburg"]
[Date "1985.06.??"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Garry Kasparov"]
[Black "Turbostar 432"]
[Result "1-0"]
1.c4 e6 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 d5 4.Nf3 dxc4 5.O-O c6 6.a4 Be7 7.Qc2 Nbd7 8.Qxc4 Nb6
9.Qc2 Nfd5 10.Nc3 Nb4 11.Qd1 O-O 12.d4 a5 13.e4 Bd7 14.Qe2 Be8 15.Rd1 f6
16.Be3 Bh5 17.h3 f5 18.Bf4 Qd7 19.Re1 Bxf3 20.Bxf3 Bd6 21.Bxd6 Qxd6 22.Rad1
f4 23.g4 Rad8 24.Rd2 e5 25.d5 h6 26.Red1 c5 27.Qb5 Ra8 28.Qf1 Qd7 29.b3 c4
30.bxc4 Rac8 31.g5 Nxc4 32.Ra2 Nxa2 33.Nxa2 Qxa4 34.gxh6 Qxa2 35.Qg2 Rc7
36.d6 Rd7 37.Bg4 Qb3 38.Bxd7 Qxd1+ 39.Kh2 Rf7 40.Be6 Kf8 41.h7 Nxd6 42.h8=Q+
Ke7 43.Bxf7 Nxf7 44.Qhxg7 1-0
</pre>
Kasparov's quote in ''Chess Metaphors: Artificial Intelligence and the Human Mind'' by [[Diego Rasskin-Gutman]] on that game <ref>[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/feb/11/the-chess-master-and-the-computer/ The Chess Master and the Computer - Garry Kasparov] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books The New York Review of Books], February 11, 2010</ref> <ref>[http://en.chessbase.com/post/che-metaphors-artificial-intelligence-and-the-human-mind Chess Metaphors – Artificial Intelligence and the Human Mind] by [[Diego Rasskin-Gutman]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 28, 2010</ref>:
At one point I realized that I was drifting into trouble in a game against one of the “Kasparov” brand models. If this machine scored a win or even a draw, people would be quick to say that I had thrown the game to get PR for the company, so I had to intensify my efforts. Eventually I found a way to trick the machine with a sacrifice it should have refused. From the human perspective, or at least from my perspective, those were the good old days of man vs. machine chess.
==WMCCC 1985==
Three Turbostars played the [[WMCCC 1985]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam Amsterdam] with 3½, 3 and 2½ points out of 8 rounds respectively, finishing in the lower half of the field. The round 1 game, [[Blitz Monster|Blitz Monster Y]] aka [[Super Constellation]] versus the most successful [[Turbostar|Turbostar K]] <ref>[https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/round.php?tournament=63&round=1&id=1 Amsterdam 1985 - Chess - Round 1 - Game 1 (ICGA Tournaments)]</ref>:
<pre>
[Event "WMCCC 1985"]
[Site "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"]
[Date "1985.09.07"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Blitz Monster Y"]
[Black "Turbostar K"]
[Result "1/2-1/2"]
1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 c5 4.d5 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.Nc3 g6 7.g3 Bg7 8.Bg2 O-O
9.O-O Bg4 10.h3 Bxf3 11.Bxf3 Nbd7 12.Re1 Ne5 13.Bg2 Qb6 14.e4 c4 15.Rb1 Nd3
16.Be3 Qb4 17.Rf1 Nd7 18.Qc2 Qa5 19.a3 Rfe8 20.b4 Qa6 21.a4 Rec8 22.Nb5 Kf8
23.f4 Kg8 24.Bd4 Bxd4+ 25.Nxd4 Kf8 26.Kh2 Rab8 27.Nb5 Qb6 28.Qc3 f6 29.Nd4
Qa6 30.b5 Qxa4 31.Ra1 Qb4 32.Qxb4 Nxb4 33.Rxa7 Nd3 34.Rf3 Kg8 35.Bf1 N7c5
36.Bxd3 cxd3 37.Ra2 Nxe4 38.Rxd3 Nc3 39.Rb2 Nxd5 40.Nf5 Nxf4 41.gxf4 gxf5
42.Rxd6 Kf7 43.Rd7+ Ke6 44.Rxh7 Rc4 45.Kg3 Rg8+ 46.Kh2 b6 47.Rb7 Rxf4
48.Rxb6+ Ke5 49.Rc6 Rd4 50.b6 Rgd8 51.b7 Rd2+ 52.Rxd2 Rxd2+ 53.Kg3 Rb2
54.Rc7 Rb3+ 55.Kg2 Kf4 56.Kf1 Rb2 57.h4 Kf3 58.Ke1 Kg4 59.Rh7 f4 60.Kd1
f3 61.Kc1 Rb6 62.Rg7+ Kxh4 63.Kd2 f2 64.Ke2 Rb2+ 65.Kf1 Kh5 66.Kg2 f1=Q+
67.Kxf1 Kh6 1/2-1/2
</pre>
=Turbostar 2600=
In 1994, [[Saitek]] announced the ''Turbostar 2600'' with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computing RISC] program by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], but it was not released <ref>[http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Saitek_Turbostar_2600 Saitek Turbostar 2600] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Various Classifications#Astronomy|Astronomy]]
* [[Superstar]]
* [[Turbo Chess]] by [[Kaare Danielsen]]
* [[Turbo Chess (GB)|Turbo Chess]] by [[Chris Thornton]]
* [[Turbo King]]
* [[Pascal#TurboPascal|Turbo Pascal]]
=Publications=
* [http://www.saitek.com/manuals/turbostar432.pdf Turbostar 432 - Saitek manual] (pdf) with Welcome by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov Garry Kasparov]
* [http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?author=Michael+Ciraolo&mag=antic Michael Ciraolo] ('''1985'''). ''[http://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n3/ComputerChess.html Computer CHESS Programming]''. [http://www.atarimagazines.com/index/index.php?issue=v4n3 Antic Vol. 4, No. 3] » [[Chess 7.0]]
* [[Dirk Frickenschmidt]] ('''1985'''). ''Der Geheimtip - Turbostar 432''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] 1/85 (German)
* [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13514816.html Fast sicheren Sieg verschenkt], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel Der Spiegel] 25/1985, June 17, 1985 (German)
* [[Dirk Frickenschmidt]] ('''1985'''). ''Ein Turbo auf der Überholspur. 8000 Halbzüge auf einem Chip: Das KSO-Modul im Turbostar''. [[Computerschach und Spiele]] 5/85
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/02-1985%20%5BE-0301%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20432.pdf SciSys - Kasparov Turbostar 432] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/10-1986%20%5BA-6144%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20540+.pdf SciSys – Kasparov Turbostar 540+] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/11-1986%20%5BA-6153%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20640.pdf SciSys – Kasparov Turbostar 640] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
* [http://www.schaakcomputers.nl/hein_veldhuis/database/files/12-1986%20%5BA-6156%5D%20SciSys%20-%20Kasparov%20Turbostar%20740%20production%20samples.pdf SciSys - Kasparov Turbostar 740 (production samples)] (pdf) by [[Hein Veldhuis]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.chess.computer/browse_frm/thread/f09918d6e1aa0ee6 Change in Saitek Programming] by Jerome Tarshis, [[Computer Chess Forums|rgcc]], November 14, 1996
* [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=4171&sid=0c7f70c92feb08be5b46af0b18a28f68 Kasparov Turbostar 2600] by Larry, [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], May 24, 2011
* [http://www.hiarcs.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=4835&sid=6e7b99ee07a1ab623fa8a17569d2e4a6 Collector's Corner...On The Scisys TurboStar 540 Plus] by [[Steve Blincoe]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Hiarcs Forum]], May 25, 2012
=External Links=
==Turbostar Chess Computer==
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/program.php?id=493 Turbostar's ICGA Tournaments]
* [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=29798 The chess games of Turbostar] from [http://www.chessgames.com/index.html chessgames.com]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_432___kso.html Turbostar 432 + KSO] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/html/turbostar_540__.html Turbostar 540 +] from [http://www.chesscomputeruk.com/index.html Chess Computer UK] by [[Mike Watters]]
* [http://www.spacious-mind.com/html/turbostar_432_kso.html SciSys Kasparov Turbostar 432 KSO Electronic Chess Computer], [[The Spacious Mind]]
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/SciSys_Turbostar_432 SciSys Turbostar 432] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/SciSys_Turbostar_540 SciSys Turbostar 540] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)
* [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Saitek_Turbostar_2600 Saitek Turbostar 2600] from [http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php/Hauptseite_En Schachcomputer.info - Wiki] (German)
==Turbo & Star Misc==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_%28disambiguation%29 Turbo (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_%28gastropod%29 Turbo (gastropod) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomachinery Turbomachinery from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_%28disambiguation%29 Star (disambiguation) from Wikipedia]
: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star Star from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turbo turbo - Wiktionary:]
* [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/star star - Wiktionary]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
