Difference between revisions of "Stockfish"

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'''Stockfish''',<br/>
 
'''Stockfish''',<br/>
an [[UCI]] compatible [[:Category:Open Source|open source]] chess engine developed by [[Tord Romstad]], [[Marco Costalba]], [[Joona Kiiski]] and [[Gary Linscott]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=58779 Stockfish 7] by [[Joona Kiiski]], [[CCC]], January 02, 2016</ref>, licensed under the [[Free Software Foundation#GPL|GPL v3.0]]. Marco forked the project from version 2.1 of Tord's engine [[Glaurung]], first announced by Marco in November 8, 2008 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24675 Stockfish 1.0] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], November 02, 2008</ref>, and in early 2009 Joona's [[Smaug]], a further Glaurung 2.2 derivative, was incorporated <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=26971&start=1 Re: Smaug: a new chess engine based on glaurung] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], March 12, 2009</ref> . Starting out among the top twenty engines, Stockfish has quickly climbed in [[Playing Strength|strength]] to become the world strongest chess entity as of 2018 - at least concerning the [[AlphaZero]] hype <ref>[[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 arXiv:1712.01815]</ref>, public available chess entity. The name "Stockfish" reflects the ancestry of the engine. Tord is Norwegian and Marco Italian, and there is a long history of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish stockfish] trade from Norway to Italy (to Marco's home town of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicenza Vicenza], in fact). Stockfish also referred another famous "little fish", the then strongest chess engine [[Rybka]].  
+
an [[UCI]] compatible [[:Category:Open Source|open source]] chess engine developed by [[Tord Romstad]], [[Marco Costalba]], [[Joona Kiiski]] and [[Gary Linscott]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=58779 Stockfish 7] by [[Joona Kiiski]], [[CCC]], January 02, 2016</ref>, licensed under the [[Free Software Foundation#GPL|GPL v3.0]]. Marco forked the project from version 2.1 of Tord's engine [[Glaurung]], first announced by Marco in November 8, 2008 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24675 Stockfish 1.0] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], November 02, 2008</ref>, and in early 2009 Joona's [[Smaug]], a further Glaurung 2.2 derivative, was incorporated <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=26971&start=1 Re: Smaug: a new chess engine based on glaurung] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], March 12, 2009</ref> . Starting out among the top twenty engines, Stockfish has quickly climbed in [[Playing Strength|strength]] to become the world strongest chess entity as of 2018 - at least concerning the [[AlphaZero]] hype <ref>[[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 arXiv:1712.01815]</ref>, public available chess entity. The name "Stockfish" reflects the ancestry of the engine. Tord is Norwegian and Marco Italian, and there is a long history of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish stockfish] trade from Norway to Italy (to Marco's home town of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicenza Vicenza], in fact). Stockfish also referred another famous "little fish", the then strongest chess engine [[Rybka]]. In 2011, Marco Costalba and Joona Kiiski stepped down as Stockfish maintainers <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=40610 Stockfish on github] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], October 02, 2011</ref>. From that, the project is being developed and maintained by the [[:Category:Stockfish Contributor|Stockfish community]].  
  
In 2011, Marco Costalba and Joona Kiiski stepped down as Stockfish maintainers <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=40610 Stockfish on github] by [[Marco Costalba]], [[CCC]], October 02, 2011</ref>. From that, the project is being developed and maintained by the [[:Category:Stockfish Contributor|Stockfish community]]. A synergy effect with the [[Shogi]] community led to the promising branch of [[Stockfish NNUE]], courtesy of [[Hisayori Noda|Nodchip]], who introduced [[NNUE]] to Stockfish in 2019 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74059 Stockfish NN release (NNUE)] by [[Henk Drost]], [[CCC]], May 31, 2020</ref>. On September 02, 2020, '''Stockfish 12''' was released with a huge jump in [[Playing Strength|playing strength]] due to NNUE and further [[Automated Tuning|tuning]] of the engine <ref>[https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/628172810852925440/stockfish-12 Stockfish 12], The Stockfish Team, [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish Blog], September 02, 2020</ref>. The release of '''Stockfish 13''' on February 19, 2021, has been triggered by the start of sales of the [[Fat Fritz#Fat Fritz 2|Fat Fritz 2]] engine by [[ChessBase]], based on a recent development version of Stockfish with minor modifications <ref>[https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/643570707142492160/stockfish-13 Stockfish 13], The Stockfish Team, February 19, 2021</ref>.
+
A synergy effect with the [[Shogi]] community led to the promising branch of [[Stockfish NNUE]], courtesy of [[Hisayori Noda|Nodchip]], who introduced [[NNUE]] to Stockfish in 2019 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74059 Stockfish NN release (NNUE)] by [[Henk Drost]], [[CCC]], May 31, 2020</ref>. On September 02, 2020, '''Stockfish 12''' was released with a huge jump in [[Playing Strength|playing strength]] due to NNUE and further [[Automated Tuning|tuning]] of the engine <ref>[https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/stockfish-12/ Stockfish 12], The Stockfish Team, [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish Blog], September 02, 2020</ref>. The release of '''Stockfish 13''' on February 19, 2021, has been triggered by the start of sales of the [[Fat Fritz#Fat Fritz 2|Fat Fritz 2]] engine by [[ChessBase]], based on a recent development version of Stockfish with minor modifications <ref>[https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-13/ Stockfish 13], The Stockfish Team, February 19, 2021</ref>. '''Stockfish 14''', released on July 02, 2021, further improved due to efforts by [[Tomasz Sobczyk]] and [[Gary Linscott]] in designing a new [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKA|NNUE architecture]] in conjunction with a [[GPU]] accelerated trainer written in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyTorch PyTorch]. Further, the collaboration with the [[Leela Chess Zero]] team payed off, in providing billions of positions to train the new NNUE <ref>[https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-14/ Stockfish 14], The Stockfish Team, July 02, 2021</ref>.
  
 
=Science versus Commerce?=  
 
=Science versus Commerce?=  
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<span id="EvaluationGuide"></span>
 
<span id="EvaluationGuide"></span>
 
=Evaluation Guide=  
 
=Evaluation Guide=  
Since April 2017 the interactive '''Stockfish Evaluation Guide''' is available to explore Stockfish's [[Evaluation|evaluation]] with a [[JavaScript]] implementation running in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser browser] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64025&start=27 Re: How far away are we from deep learning Stockfish, Komodo] by [[Gary Linscott|Gary]], [[CCC]], May 21, 2017</ref> . One may enter a [[Forsyth-Edwards Notation|FEN]] string of a [[Chess Position|position]], to get the resulting [[Score|score]] of the main evaluation term considering the [[Game Phases|game phases]] within its [[Tapered Eval|tapered evaluation]], and may navigate through the tree of subterms and features with its particular characteristics for the given position <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide]</ref> .
+
Since April 2017 the interactive '''Stockfish Evaluation Guide''' is available to explore Stockfish's [[Evaluation|evaluation]] with a [[JavaScript]] implementation running in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser browser] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64025&start=27 Re: How far away are we from deep learning Stockfish, Komodo] by [[Gary Linscott|Gary]], [[CCC]], May 21, 2017</ref> . One may enter a [[Forsyth-Edwards Notation|FEN]] string of a [[Chess Position|position]], to get the resulting [[Score|score]] of the main evaluation term considering the [[Game Phases|game phases]] within its [[Tapered Eval|tapered evaluation]], and may navigate through the tree of subterms and features with its particular characteristics for the given position <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide]</ref>, also supporting [[Stockfish NNUE]] nets <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/?p=nnue Stockfish Evaluation Guide - NNUE]</ref>.
  
 
=Tournament Play=  
 
=Tournament Play=  
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<ref>if not mentioned otherwise, based on the sources of Stockfish 6</ref>
 
<ref>if not mentioned otherwise, based on the sources of Stockfish 6</ref>
 
==[[Board Representation]]==  
 
==[[Board Representation]]==  
 +
* [[8x8 Board]]
 
* [[Bitboards]] with [[Square Mapping Considerations#LittleEndianRankFileMapping|Little-Endian Rank-File Mapping (LERF)]]
 
* [[Bitboards]] with [[Square Mapping Considerations#LittleEndianRankFileMapping|Little-Endian Rank-File Mapping (LERF)]]
 
* [[Magic Bitboards]]
 
* [[Magic Bitboards]]
 
: [[BMI2#PEXTBitboards|BMI2 - PEXT Bitboards]] (not recommend for [[AMD]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryzen Ryzen] <ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/60i6er/ryzen_and_bmi2_strange_behavior_and_high_latencies/ Ryzen and BMI2: Strange behavior and high latencies] by DonnieTinyHands, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit Reddit], March 20, 2017</ref> prior to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_3 Zen 3])
 
: [[BMI2#PEXTBitboards|BMI2 - PEXT Bitboards]] (not recommend for [[AMD]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryzen Ryzen] <ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/Amd/comments/60i6er/ryzen_and_bmi2_strange_behavior_and_high_latencies/ Ryzen and BMI2: Strange behavior and high latencies] by DonnieTinyHands, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit Reddit], March 20, 2017</ref> prior to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_3 Zen 3])
* [[Piece-Lists]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=69364&start=12 Re: piece lists advantage with bit-boards?] by [[Ronald de Man]], [[CCC]], December 26, 2018</ref>
+
* [[Piece-Lists]] until Stockfish 12 <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/blob/sf_12/src/position.h#L193 Stockfish/position.h at sf_12 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]</ref> <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3247 Remove piece lists by syzygy1 · Pull Request #3247 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]</ref> <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=69364&start=12 Re: piece lists advantage with bit-boards?] by [[Ronald de Man]], [[CCC]], December 26, 2018</ref>
 
==[[Search]]==  
 
==[[Search]]==  
 
* [[Iterative Deepening]]
 
* [[Iterative Deepening]]
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** [[Quiescence Search]]
 
** [[Quiescence Search]]
 
==[[Evaluation]]==  
 
==[[Evaluation]]==  
''See also'' [[Evaluation Philosophy]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=135133&t=15504 The Art of Evaluation] by [[Tord Romstad]], [[CCC]], August 2, 2007</ref> <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide]</ref> and [[NNUE]]
+
* [[NNUE]]
 +
** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKP|HalfKP]] (Stockfish 12)
 +
** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKA|HalfKAv2]] (Stockfish 14)
 +
: ''See also'' [[Evaluation Philosophy]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?topic_view=threads&p=135133&t=15504 The Art of Evaluation] by [[Tord Romstad]], [[CCC]], August 2, 2007</ref> <ref>[https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide]</ref>
 
* [[Tapered Eval]]
 
* [[Tapered Eval]]
 
* [[Score#Grain|Score Grain]]: ~1/256 of a [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo|pawn unit]]
 
* [[Score#Grain|Score Grain]]: ~1/256 of a [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo|pawn unit]]
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** [[King Safety#SquareControl|Square Control]]
 
** [[King Safety#SquareControl|Square Control]]
 
* [[Evaluation Patterns]]
 
* [[Evaluation Patterns]]
 +
 
==Misc==  
 
==Misc==  
 
* [[Chess960]]
 
* [[Chess960]]
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* [[Stockfish NNUE|Stockfish 12]] - September 02, 2020
 
* [[Stockfish NNUE|Stockfish 12]] - September 02, 2020
 
* Stockfish 13 - February 19, 2021
 
* Stockfish 13 - February 19, 2021
 +
* Stockfish 14 - July 02, 2021
 +
* Stockfish 15 - April 18, 2022
 +
* Stockfish 15.1 - December 04, 2022
 
<span id="ports"></span>
 
<span id="ports"></span>
 +
 
=Ports=  
 
=Ports=  
 
* [[asmFish]]
 
* [[asmFish]]
 
* [[CFish]]
 
* [[CFish]]
 
* [[DroidFish]]
 
* [[DroidFish]]
 +
* [[Fat Titz]]
 
* [[Portfish]]
 
* [[Portfish]]
 
* [[Rustfish]]
 
* [[Rustfish]]
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=Authors=
 
=Authors=
 +
==Founders of the Stockfish project and Fishtest infrastructure==
 
* [[Marco Costalba]]
 
* [[Marco Costalba]]
 
* [[Joona Kiiski]]
 
* [[Joona Kiiski]]
 
* [[Gary Linscott]]
 
* [[Gary Linscott]]
 
* [[Tord Romstad]]
 
* [[Tord Romstad]]
 +
 +
==Authors and inventors of NNUE, training, NNUE port==
 +
* [[Yu Nasu]]
 +
* [[Motohiro Isozaki]]
 +
* [[Hisayori Noda]]
 +
 +
==All other authors of the code==
 +
 +
There are 196 authors, counted to version 15.1.
 +
 
* [[:Category:Stockfish Contributor|Contributors]]
 
* [[:Category:Stockfish Contributor|Contributors]]
  
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* [[NNUE]]
 
* [[NNUE]]
 
* [[Stockfish NNUE]]
 
* [[Stockfish NNUE]]
 +
** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKP|HalfKP]] (Stockfish 12)
 +
** [[Stockfish NNUE#HalfKA|HalfKAv2]] (Stockfish 14)
  
 
=Publications=  
 
=Publications=  
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* [[Shu Yokoyama]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]] ('''2015'''). ''Parameter-Free Tree Style Pipeline in Asynchronous Parallel Game-Tree Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]] , [http://www.graco.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kaneko/papers/acg2015-yokoyama.pdf pdf] » [[Shu Yokoyama#PGPP|P-GPP]]
 
* [[Shu Yokoyama]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]] ('''2015'''). ''Parameter-Free Tree Style Pipeline in Asynchronous Parallel Game-Tree Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]] , [http://www.graco.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kaneko/papers/acg2015-yokoyama.pdf pdf] » [[Shu Yokoyama#PGPP|P-GPP]]
 
* [[Jean-Marc Alliot]] ('''2017'''). ''Who is the Master''? [[ICGA Journal#39_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1]], [http://www.alliot.fr/CHESS/draft-icga-39-1.pdf draft as pdf] <ref>[http://www.alliot.fr/CHESS/ficga.html.en Who is the Master?] from [[Jean-Marc Alliot|Jean-Marc Alliot's]] [http://www.alliot.fr/fpro.html.en professional website]</ref>
 
* [[Jean-Marc Alliot]] ('''2017'''). ''Who is the Master''? [[ICGA Journal#39_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1]], [http://www.alliot.fr/CHESS/draft-icga-39-1.pdf draft as pdf] <ref>[http://www.alliot.fr/CHESS/ficga.html.en Who is the Master?] from [[Jean-Marc Alliot|Jean-Marc Alliot's]] [http://www.alliot.fr/fpro.html.en professional website]</ref>
 
+
* [[Bill Jordan]] ('''2020'''). ''Calculation versus Intuition: Stockfish versus Leela''. [https://www.amazon.com/Calculation-versus-Intuition-Stockfish-Leela-ebook/dp/B08LYBQDMB/ amazon] » [[TCEC]], [[Leela Chess Zero]]
=Videos=
 
* [[Daylen Yang#Video|How do modern chess engines work? | Video]], Talk by [[Daylen Yang]], [http://www.tngtech.com/tng-ueber-uns/bigtechday/big-techday-8.html TNG | Big Techday 8], June 12, 2015
 
* [[Tord Romstad#Video|Parallelism and Selectivity in Game Tree Search | Video]], Talk by [[Tord Romstad]], [http://www.tngtech.com/tng-ueber-uns/bigtechday/big-techday-8.html TNG | Big Techday 8], June 12, 2015
 
* [[Tord Romstad#Video|How Modern Chess Programs Work | Video]] by [[Tord Romstad]], [http://2017.flatmap.no/talks/romstad/ flatMap(Oslo)], May 02, 2017
 
  
 
=Forum Posts=  
 
=Forum Posts=  
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* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=76639 Stockfish 13 merged on github] by [[Joshua Shriver]], [[CCC]], February 19, 2021
 
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=76639 Stockfish 13 merged on github] by [[Joshua Shriver]], [[CCC]], February 19, 2021
 
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=76977 Setting up Stockfish on a server] by Jon12345, [[CCC]], March 29, 2021 » [[Chess Server]]
 
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=76977 Setting up Stockfish on a server] by Jon12345, [[CCC]], March 29, 2021 » [[Chess Server]]
 +
* [https://lczero.org/blog/2021/04/joking-ftw-seriously/ Joking FTW, Seriously] by borg, [[Leela Chess Zero|LCZero blog]], April 25, 2021
 
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77344 Stockfish with new NNUE architecture and bigger net released] by [[Stefan Pohl]], [[CCC]], May 19, 2021 <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3474 Update default net to nn-8a08400ed089.nnue by Sopel97 · Pull Request #3474 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Tomasz Sobczyk]]</ref> <ref>[https://github.com/Sopel97 Sopel97 (Tomasz Sobczyk) · GitHub]</ref>
 
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77344 Stockfish with new NNUE architecture and bigger net released] by [[Stefan Pohl]], [[CCC]], May 19, 2021 <ref>[https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3474 Update default net to nn-8a08400ed089.nnue by Sopel97 · Pull Request #3474 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Tomasz Sobczyk]]</ref> <ref>[https://github.com/Sopel97 Sopel97 (Tomasz Sobczyk) · GitHub]</ref>
 +
* [https://lczero.org/blog/2021/06/the-importance-of-open-data/ The importance of open data] by borg , [[Leela Chess Zero|LCZero blog]], June 15, 2021
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77503 will Tcec allow Stockfish with a Leela net to play?] by Wilson, [[CCC]], June 17, 2021 » [[TCEC Season 21]]
 +
: [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77503&start=55 Re: will Tcec allow Stockfish with a Leela net to play?] by [[Connor McMonigle]], [[CCC]], June 17, 2021
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77599 Stockfish 14 release round the corner] by Prasanna Bandihole, [[CCC]], July 02, 2021
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77602 Before things become more messy than they already are] by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]], [[CCC]], July 02, 2021
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77605 Stockfish 14 has been released] by Madeleine Birchfield, [[CCC]], July 02, 2021
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=77762 Stockfish: Our lawsuit against ChessBase] by Kurt Lanc, [[CCC]], July 20, 2021
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=78030 The Great Stockfish NPS Debate] by Dietrich Kappe, [[CCC]], August 27, 2021
 +
'''2022'''
 +
* [https://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=79588 Stockfish search] by Werewolf, [[CCC]], March 26, 2022 » [[Lazy SMP]]
 +
* [https://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=79713 Stockfish 15 is ready] by  Mehmet Karaman, [[CCC]], April 19, 2022
 +
* [https://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=79793 Stockfish 15's Immortal Game?] by [[Graham Banks]], [[CCC]], May 01, 2022
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=80608 Are tablebases useless for Stockfish15?] by [[Jouni]], [[CCC]], September 02, 2022
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=81105 Stockfish 15.1 is ready] by [[Mehmet Karaman]], [[CCC]], December 05, 2022
 +
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=81108 SF branching factor] by [[Jouni]], [[CCC]], December 05, 2022
 +
 +
=Blog Posts=
 +
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish Blog]
 +
==2014==
 +
* [http://tech.mit.edu/V133/N62/chess.html One chess champion per laptop] by [http://www.mit.edu/~roberto/ Roberto Perez-Franco], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tech_%28newspaper%29 The Tech], January 15, 2014 » [[TCEC Season 5]]
 +
==2015 ...==
 +
* [http://en.chessbase.com/post/john-hartmann-and-then-there-were-two And then there were two] by [http://en.chessbase.com/author/john-hartmann John Hartmann], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 09, 2015 » [[Komodo]], [[Stockfish]]
 +
* [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2015/10/06/depth-of-satisficing/ Depth of Satisficing] by [[Kenneth W. Regan|Ken Regan]], [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/ Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP], October 06, 2015 » [[Depth]], [[Match Statistics]], [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo]], [[Stockfish]], [[Komodo]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=57890 Regan's latest: Depth of Satisficing] by Carl Lumma, [[CCC]], October 09, 2015</ref>
 +
* [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2016/01/21/a-chess-firewall-at-zero/ A Chess Firewall at Zero?] by [[Kenneth W. Regan|Ken Regan]], [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/ Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP], January 21, 2016
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2016/stockfish-8/ Stockfish 8], November 01, 2016
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2018/stockfish-9/ Stockfish 9], February 09, 2018
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2018/stockfish-10/ Stockfish 10], December 01, 2018
 +
==2020 ...==
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/stockfish-11/ Stockfish 11], The Stockfish Team, January 15, 2020
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/introducing-nnue-evaluation/ Introducing NNUE Evaluation], August 07, 2020
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2020/stockfish-12/ Stockfish 12], The Stockfish Team, September 02, 2020
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-13/ Stockfish 13], The Stockfish Team, February 19, 2021
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-14/ Stockfish 14], The Stockfish Team, July 02, 2021
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/our-lawsuit-against-chessbase/ Our lawsuit against ChessBase], The Stockfish Team, July 20, 2021 » [[ChessBase]], [[Fat Fritz#Fat Fritz 2|Fat Fritz 2]], [[Houdini#Stockfish|Houdini 6]]
 +
* [https://stockfishchess.org/blog/2021/stockfish-14-1/ Stockfish 14.1], The Stockfish Team, October 28, 2021
  
 
=External Links=  
 
=External Links=  
==Chess engine==  
+
==Chess Engine==  
 
* [https://stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish - Open Source Chess Engine]
 
* [https://stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish - Open Source Chess Engine]
 
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]
 
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues/2823 NNUE merge · Issue #2823 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Joost VandeVondele]], July 25, 2020 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74560 An info] by Sylwy, [[CCC]], July 25, 2020</ref>
 
 
* [https://github.com/nodchip/Stockfish GitHub - nodchip/Stockfish: UCI chess engine] ([[Stockfish NNUE]] by [[Hisayori Noda|Nodchip]])
 
* [https://github.com/nodchip/Stockfish GitHub - nodchip/Stockfish: UCI chess engine] ([[Stockfish NNUE]] by [[Hisayori Noda|Nodchip]])
 
* [https://github.com/zamar zamar · GitHub] by [[Joona Kiiski]]
 
* [https://github.com/zamar zamar · GitHub] by [[Joona Kiiski]]
* [http://abrok.eu/stockfish/ Stockfish Development Versions] hosted by [[Roman Korba]]
+
* [https://nextchessmove.com/dev-builds NCM Stockfish Dev Builds]
 +
* [https://abrok.eu/stockfish/ Stockfish Development Versions] hosted by [[Roman Korba]]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish_%28chess%29 Stockfish (chess) from Wikipedia]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish_%28chess%29 Stockfish (chess) from Wikipedia]
* [http://www.chess.fortherapy.co.uk/ Arduino & Raspberry PI Chess Computer] running [[Stockfish]] on [[Raspberry Pi]], by [[Max Dobres]] » [[Arduino]], [[Sensory Board]]
+
==Issues==
* [http://tech.mit.edu/V133/N62/chess.html One chess champion per laptop] by [http://www.mit.edu/~roberto/ Roberto Perez-Franco], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT's]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tech_%28newspaper%29 The Tech], January 15, 2014 » [[TCEC Season 5]]
+
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues Issues · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]
* [http://en.chessbase.com/post/john-hartmann-and-then-there-were-two And then there were two] by [http://en.chessbase.com/author/john-hartmann John Hartmann], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 09, 2015 » [[Komodo]], [[Stockfish]]
+
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues/2823 NNUE merge · Issue #2823 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Joost VandeVondele]], July 25, 2020 <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74560 An info] by Sylwy, [[CCC]], July 25, 2020</ref>
* [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2015/10/06/depth-of-satisficing/ Depth of Satisficing] by [[Kenneth W. Regan|Ken Regan]], [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/ Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP], October 06, 2015 » [[Depth]], [[Match Statistics]], [[Pawn Advantage, Win Percentage, and Elo]], [[Stockfish]], [[Komodo]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=57890 Regan's latest: Depth of Satisficing] by Carl Lumma, [[CCC]], October 09, 2015</ref>
+
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues/2915 NNUE ideas and discussion (post-merge) Issue #2915 official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Joost VandeVondele]], August 06, 2020
* [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2016/01/21/a-chess-firewall-at-zero/ A Chess Firewall at Zero?] by [[Kenneth W. Regan|Ken Regan]], [https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/ Gödel's Lost Letter and P=NP], January 21, 2016
+
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues/3021 NNUE eval rotate vs mirror · Issue #3021 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Terje Kirstihagen]], August 18, 2020
* [http://adamsccpages.blogspot.com/p/sf-framework-history.html Adam's Computer Chess Pages: Stockfish Progression] by [[Adam Hair]] » [[Stockfish#Fishtest|Fishtest]]
+
==Pull Requests==
==Blog==
+
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pulls Pull requests · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub]
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/ Stockfish Blog]
+
* [https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/3474 Update default net to nn-8a08400ed089.nnue by Sopel97 · Pull Request #3474 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub] by [[Tomasz Sobczyk]]
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/152699558142/stockfish-8 Stockfish 8], November 01, 2016
 
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/180690834147/stockfish-9 Stockfish 9], February 09, 2018
 
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/180691011237/stockfish-10 Stockfish 10], December 01, 2018
 
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/190398991302/stockfish-11 Stockfish 11], The Stockfish Team, January 15, 2020
 
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/625828091343896577/introducing-nnue-evaluation Introducing NNUE Evaluation], August 07, 2020
 
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/628172810852925440/stockfish-12 Stockfish 12], The Stockfish Team, September 02, 2020
 
* [https://blog.stockfishchess.org/post/643570707142492160/stockfish-13 Stockfish 13], The Stockfish Team, February 19, 2021
 
 
==Testing==
 
==Testing==
 
* [https://stockfishchess.org/get-involved/ Get Involved - Stockfish - Powerful Open Source Chess Engine]
 
* [https://stockfishchess.org/get-involved/ Get Involved - Stockfish - Powerful Open Source Chess Engine]
 
* [https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests Stockfish Testing Framework] » [[Stockfish#Fishtest|Fishtest]]
 
* [https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests Stockfish Testing Framework] » [[Stockfish#Fishtest|Fishtest]]
 
* [https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide] » [[Stockfish#EvaluationGuide|Stockfish Evaluation Guide]]
 
* [https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/ Stockfish Evaluation Guide] » [[Stockfish#EvaluationGuide|Stockfish Evaluation Guide]]
 +
: [https://hxim.github.io/Stockfish-Evaluation-Guide/?p=nnue Stockfish Evaluation Guide - NNUE]
 
* [https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest GitHub - glinscott/fishtest: Stockfish testing]
 
* [https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest GitHub - glinscott/fishtest: Stockfish testing]
 
: [https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest/wiki/Creating-my-first-test Creating my first test · glinscott/fishtest Wiki · GitHub]
 
: [https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest/wiki/Creating-my-first-test Creating my first test · glinscott/fishtest Wiki · GitHub]
Line 462: Line 511:
 
* [https://github.com/zamar/spsa SPSA Tuner for Stockfish Chess Engine] » [[SPSA]]
 
* [https://github.com/zamar/spsa SPSA Tuner for Stockfish Chess Engine] » [[SPSA]]
 
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/fishcooking FishCooking - Google Groups] a discussion group for developers and testers of [[Stockfish]] chess engine
 
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/fishcooking FishCooking - Google Groups] a discussion group for developers and testers of [[Stockfish]] chess engine
 +
* [http://adamsccpages.blogspot.com/p/sf-framework-history.html Adam's Computer Chess Pages: Stockfish Progression] by [[Adam Hair]] » [[Stockfish#Fishtest|Fishtest]]
 
==Rating Lists==  
 
==Rating Lists==  
 
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Stockfish&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Stockfish] from [[CCRL|CCRL 40/15]]
 
* [http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/cgi/compare_engines.cgi?family=Stockfish&print=Rating+list&print=Results+table&print=LOS+table&print=Ponder+hit+table&print=Eval+difference+table&print=Comopp+gamenum+table&print=Overlap+table&print=Score+with+common+opponents Stockfish] from [[CCRL|CCRL 40/15]]
Line 472: Line 522:
 
* [http://www.schach-welt.de/schach/computerschach/interviews/romstad-kiiski-costalba-eng Computerschach, Interview with Tord Romstad (Norway), Joona Kiiski (Finland) and Marco Costalba (Italy)] by [[Frank Quisinsky]], March 29, 2010
 
* [http://www.schach-welt.de/schach/computerschach/interviews/romstad-kiiski-costalba-eng Computerschach, Interview with Tord Romstad (Norway), Joona Kiiski (Finland) and Marco Costalba (Italy)] by [[Frank Quisinsky]], March 29, 2010
 
* [http://www.chessdom.com/stockfish-4-to-play-in-the-new-season-of-tcec/ Stockfish 4 to play in the new season of TCEC | Chessdom - Short interview with the Stockfish team], August 22, 2013 » [[TCEC]], [[TCEC Season 5]]
 
* [http://www.chessdom.com/stockfish-4-to-play-in-the-new-season-of-tcec/ Stockfish 4 to play in the new season of TCEC | Chessdom - Short interview with the Stockfish team], August 22, 2013 » [[TCEC]], [[TCEC Season 5]]
 +
==Videos==
 +
* [[Daylen Yang#Video|How do modern chess engines work? | Video]], Talk by [[Daylen Yang]], [http://www.tngtech.com/tng-ueber-uns/bigtechday/big-techday-8.html TNG | Big Techday 8], June 12, 2015
 +
* [[Tord Romstad#Video|Parallelism and Selectivity in Game Tree Search | Video]], Talk by [[Tord Romstad]], [http://www.tngtech.com/tng-ueber-uns/bigtechday/big-techday-8.html TNG | Big Techday 8], June 12, 2015
 +
* [[Tord Romstad#Video|How Modern Chess Programs Work | Video]] by [[Tord Romstad]], [http://2017.flatmap.no/talks/romstad/ flatMap(Oslo)], May 02, 2017
 
==Misc==  
 
==Misc==  
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish Stockfish from Wikipedia]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockfish Stockfish from Wikipedia]

Revision as of 00:46, 13 December 2022

Home * Engines * Stockfish

Stockfish logo [1]
Stockfish 12 logo [2]

Stockfish,
an UCI compatible open source chess engine developed by Tord Romstad, Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski and Gary Linscott [3], licensed under the GPL v3.0. Marco forked the project from version 2.1 of Tord's engine Glaurung, first announced by Marco in November 8, 2008 [4], and in early 2009 Joona's Smaug, a further Glaurung 2.2 derivative, was incorporated [5] . Starting out among the top twenty engines, Stockfish has quickly climbed in strength to become the world strongest chess entity as of 2018 - at least concerning the AlphaZero hype [6], public available chess entity. The name "Stockfish" reflects the ancestry of the engine. Tord is Norwegian and Marco Italian, and there is a long history of stockfish trade from Norway to Italy (to Marco's home town of Vicenza, in fact). Stockfish also referred another famous "little fish", the then strongest chess engine Rybka. In 2011, Marco Costalba and Joona Kiiski stepped down as Stockfish maintainers [7]. From that, the project is being developed and maintained by the Stockfish community.

A synergy effect with the Shogi community led to the promising branch of Stockfish NNUE, courtesy of Nodchip, who introduced NNUE to Stockfish in 2019 [8]. On September 02, 2020, Stockfish 12 was released with a huge jump in playing strength due to NNUE and further tuning of the engine [9]. The release of Stockfish 13 on February 19, 2021, has been triggered by the start of sales of the Fat Fritz 2 engine by ChessBase, based on a recent development version of Stockfish with minor modifications [10]. Stockfish 14, released on July 02, 2021, further improved due to efforts by Tomasz Sobczyk and Gary Linscott in designing a new NNUE architecture in conjunction with a GPU accelerated trainer written in PyTorch. Further, the collaboration with the Leela Chess Zero team payed off, in providing billions of positions to train the new NNUE [11].

Science versus Commerce?

There is a wide range of opinions about strong open source chess engines affecting commercial and competitive interests, as well as monetary interests from computer chess users, who obtain a top engine for free. The scientific and social value of strong open-source programs is indisputable. The teamwork effort to share ideas and knowledge to write one of the strongest programs, which everybody may follow and share to learn and play for free, is definitely a challenging and motivating task, gathering both admiration and enviousness. Obviously, professional programmers of commercial chess programs are not that enthusiastic about the development and need to improve further and/or focus more on secondary features or other business concepts like online play and/or user interface issues rather than on pure playing strength.

Also, many hobbyist chess programmers feel in the antagonism as well, not only caused by Stockfish with its highly respected authors, and before by Fruit and slightly Crafty, but from Ippolit and all its successors by pseudonymous authors and disputed origin. The implications on commercial and competitive computer chess are not quite clear, but presumably, the decrease in the number of participants of over the board tournaments will progress and clone suspicions may float like a Sword of Damocles over the scene, whether programmers took ideas too literally or not.

Platforms

Since Stockfish is written in C++, it may be compiled and build for various processors and operating systems such as Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. Stockfish for macOS was built by Daylen Yang, who is also responsible for the Stockfish website. Stockfish for iOS was built by Tord Romstad [12].

Fishtest

The Stockfish Testing Framework dubbed Fishtest [13] is a web application written by Gary Linscott [14] [15], based on a SETI@home kind of volunteer computing. Fishtest is mainly written in Python under the Pyramid Application Development Framework [16], and distributes games across different machines to reduce the test latency and increment throughput. Started in early 2013 with Stockfish 3.0, Fishtest has hundreds of contributors, as of June 2018, 1130 testers and 162 developers [17] active in testing ideas and tweaks [18], to make Stockfish the strongest chess entity of the world [19].

Evaluation Guide

Since April 2017 the interactive Stockfish Evaluation Guide is available to explore Stockfish's evaluation with a JavaScript implementation running in a browser [20] . One may enter a FEN string of a position, to get the resulting score of the main evaluation term considering the game phases within its tapered evaluation, and may navigate through the tree of subterms and features with its particular characteristics for the given position [21], also supporting Stockfish NNUE nets [22].

Tournament Play

Stockfish is top contender of the prestigious Top Chess Engines Competition (TCEC), reaching the superfinals since season 4, and established its world number one status in winning TCECs, leaving its commercial rivals Komodo and Houdini behind. Since season 14 in early 2019, Stockfish competes with the deep learning Leela Chess Zero engines, whose playing strength triggered a motivation boost in the developing community to further improve Stockfish.

GM+Rybka vs. Stockfish

On July 19, 2014, Stockfish 5 played a four game match versus Daniel Naroditsky plus Rybka 3 (2008), 45 minutes plus 30-second increment. Stockfish won 3½ - ½ [23] [24] . A few weeks later the experiment continued with Hikaru Nakamura in Burlingame, California [25] . Supported two games by Rybka 3, Nakamura lost ½ - 1½, two games with pawn odds (Stockfish both Black without h- and b-pawn) ended ½ - 1½ in favour to Stockfish 5 as well. It played the latest development build compiled for OS X running on a 3 GHz 8-Core Mac Pro [26] .

Selected Features

[27]

Board Representation

BMI2 - PEXT Bitboards (not recommend for AMD Ryzen [28] prior to Zen 3)

Search

Evaluation

See also Evaluation Philosophy [33] [34]

Misc

SPSA

Release Dates

2008

  • Stockfish 1.0 - November 02, 2008
  • Stockfish 1.01 - November 03, 2008
  • Stockfish 1.1 - December 06, 2008
  • Stockfish 1.1a - December 08, 2008
  • Stockfish 1.2 - December 29, 2008

2009

  • Stockfish 1.3 - May 02, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.3.1 - May 03, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.4 - July 05, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.5 - October 04, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.5.1 - October 11, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.6 - December 25, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.6.1 - December 25, 2009
  • Stockfish 1.6.2 - December 31, 2009

2010 ...

  • Stockfish 1.6.3 - February 02, 2010
  • Stockfish 1.7 - April 08, 2010
  • Stockfish 1.7.1 - April 10, 2010
  • Stockfish 1.8 - July 02, 2010
  • Stockfish 1.9 - October 02, 2010
  • Stockfish 1.9.1 - October 05, 2010

2011

  • Stockfish 2.0 - January 01, 2011
  • Stockfish 2.0.1 - January 04, 2011
  • Stockfish 2.1 - May 04, 2011
  • Stockfish 2.1.1 - May 08, 2011
  • Stockfish 2.2 - December 29, 2011

2012

  • Stockfish 2.2.1 - January 06, 2012
  • Stockfish 2.2.2 - January 14, 2012
  • Stockfish 2.3 - September 15, 2012
  • Stockfish 2.3.1 - September 22, 2012

2013

  • Stockfish 3 - April 30, 2013
  • Stockfish 4 - August 20, 2013
  • Stockfish DD - November 29, 2013
  • Stockfish 5 - May 31, 2014

2015 ...

  • Stockfish 6 - January 27, 2015
  • Stockfish 7 - January 02, 2016
  • Stockfish 8 - November 01, 2016
  • Stockfish 9 - February 01, 2018
  • Stockfish 10 - November 29, 2018

2020 ...

  • Stockfish 11 - January 18, 2020
  • Stockfish 12 - September 02, 2020
  • Stockfish 13 - February 19, 2021
  • Stockfish 14 - July 02, 2021
  • Stockfish 15 - April 18, 2022
  • Stockfish 15.1 - December 04, 2022

Ports

Derivatives

Authors

Founders of the Stockfish project and Fishtest infrastructure

Authors and inventors of NNUE, training, NNUE port

All other authors of the code

There are 196 authors, counted to version 15.1.

Elo Progress

of Stockfish in first 10 years [36]

SfElo.png

See also

Publications

Forum Posts

2008 ...

2009

2010 ...

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015 ...

Explanation for non-expert? by Louis Zulli, CCC, February 16, 2015 » Parallel Search

2016

Re: Stockfish 7 and partial 6 piece syzygy problem? by Marco Costalba, CCC, September 01, 2016

2017

Re: Stockfish bench ...

2018

2019

2020 ...

Re: Stockfish Reverts 5 Recent Patches by Michel Van den Bergh, CCC, February 02, 2020 » SPRT

2021

Re: will Tcec allow Stockfish with a Leela net to play? by Connor McMonigle, CCC, June 17, 2021

2022

Blog Posts

2014

2015 ...

2020 ...

External Links

Chess Engine

Issues

Pull Requests

Testing

Stockfish Evaluation Guide - NNUE
Creating my first test · glinscott/fishtest Wiki · GitHub
Fishtest mathematics · glinscott/fishtest Wiki · GitHub

Rating Lists

Matches

Interviews

Videos

Misc

References

  1. The Stockfish icon was designed by Klein Maetschke, About - Stockfish
  2. Stockfish - Open Source Chess Engine, The Stockfish 12 icon was designed by Klein Maetschke, About - Stockfish
  3. Stockfish 7 by Joona Kiiski, CCC, January 02, 2016
  4. Stockfish 1.0 by Marco Costalba, CCC, November 02, 2008
  5. Re: Smaug: a new chess engine based on glaurung by Marco Costalba, CCC, March 12, 2009
  6. David Silver, Thomas Hubert, Julian Schrittwieser, Ioannis Antonoglou, Matthew Lai, Arthur Guez, Marc Lanctot, Laurent Sifre, Dharshan Kumaran, Thore Graepel, Timothy Lillicrap, Karen Simonyan, Demis Hassabis (2017). Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm. arXiv:1712.01815
  7. Stockfish on github by Marco Costalba, CCC, October 02, 2011
  8. Stockfish NN release (NNUE) by Henk Drost, CCC, May 31, 2020
  9. Stockfish 12, The Stockfish Team, Stockfish Blog, September 02, 2020
  10. Stockfish 13, The Stockfish Team, February 19, 2021
  11. Stockfish 14, The Stockfish Team, July 02, 2021
  12. About - Stockfish
  13. glinscott/fishtest · GitHub
  14. Get Involved - Stockfish - Powerful Open Source Chess Engine
  15. Fishtest Distributed Testing Framework by Marco Costalba, CCC, May 01, 2013
  16. The Pyramid Web Framework — The Pyramid Web Framework v1.5
  17. Stockfish Testing Framework - Users
  18. Stockfish Testing Framework
  19. Adam's Computer Chess Pages: Stockfish Progression by Adam Hair
  20. Re: How far away are we from deep learning Stockfish, Komodo by Gary, CCC, May 21, 2017
  21. Stockfish Evaluation Guide
  22. Stockfish Evaluation Guide - NNUE
  23. Can a GM and Rybka beat Stockfish? by GM Daniel Naroditsky, Chess.com, August 08, 2014
  24. GM and Rybka vs. Stockfish by Robert Maddox, CCC, August 09, 2014
  25. Nakamura vs Stockfish, public match 8/23 by Jesse L, CCC, August 17, 2014
  26. Stockfish Outlasts "Rybkamura" by FM Mike Klein, Chess.com, August 24, 2014
  27. if not mentioned otherwise, based on the sources of Stockfish 6
  28. Ryzen and BMI2: Strange behavior and high latencies by DonnieTinyHands, Reddit, March 20, 2017
  29. Stockfish/position.h at sf_12 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub
  30. Remove piece lists by syzygy1 · Pull Request #3247 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub
  31. Re: piece lists advantage with bit-boards? by Ronald de Man, CCC, December 26, 2018
  32. Re: Stockfish 7 progress by Lucas Braesch, CCC, January 17, 2016
  33. The Art of Evaluation by Tord Romstad, CCC, August 2, 2007
  34. Stockfish Evaluation Guide
  35. exoticorn/stockfish-js · GitHub
  36. Cscuile's Sheets
  37. Part 1 covers Houdini, Rybka, Komodo, Stockfish, Critter, Naum, Chiron and Spike
  38. Who is the Master? from Jean-Marc Alliot's professional website
  39. exoticorn/stockfish-js · GitHub
  40. Delphil 3.3b2 (2334) - Stockfish 030916 (3228), TCEC Season 9 - Rapid, Round 11, September 16, 2016
  41. Use equations for PushAway and PushClose · official-stockfish/Stockfish@5a7b45e · GitHub
  42. Update default net to nn-8a08400ed089.nnue by Sopel97 · Pull Request #3474 · official-stockfish/Stockfish · GitHub by Tomasz Sobczyk
  43. Sopel97 (Tomasz Sobczyk) · GitHub
  44. Regan's latest: Depth of Satisficing by Carl Lumma, CCC, October 09, 2015
  45. An info by Sylwy, CCC, July 25, 2020

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