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Shogi

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'''Shogi''' (Japanese Chess),<br/>
a chess variant that evolved directly from [[Shatranj]], just like the western [[Chess|chess]]. It is played on 9x9 board. Compared to chess, Shogi pieces have limited mobility, but this is compensated by the fact that captured enemy pieces can be [[Piece Drop|dropped]] on the board as one's own. This leads to the wild, tactical game. Shogi has greater [[Branching Factor|branching factor]] than chess. Development of Shogi programs has taken slightly different route than in chess programming. The stress is on [[Pattern Recognition|pattern recognition]] and [[Selectivity|selective search]] techniques. However, with the advent of [[NNUE]] <ref>[[Yu Nasu]] ('''2018'''). ''&#398;U&#1048;&#1048; Efficiently Updatable Neural-Network based Evaluation Functions for Computer Shogi''. Ziosoft Computer Shogi Club, [https://github.com/ynasu87/nnue/blob/master/docs/nnue.pdf pdf] (Japanese with English abstract)[https://github.com/asdfjkl/nnue GitHub - asdfjkl/nnue translation]</ref> along with adaptations of [[Stockfish]] to Shogi such as [[YaneuraOu]] <ref>[https://github.com/yaneurao/YaneuraOu GitHub - yaneurao/YaneuraOu: YaneuraOu is the World's Strongest Shogi engine(AI player), WCSC29 1st winner, educational and USI compliant engine]</ref>, and [[Kristallweizen-kai]] <ref>[https://github.com/Tama4649/Kristallweizen/ GitHub - Tama4649/Kristallweizen: 第29回世界コンピュータ将棋選手権 準優勝のKristallweizenです。]</ref>, and the consequent [[Stockfish NNUE]] hype <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=74059 Stockfish NN release (NNUE)] by [[Henk Drost]], [[CCC]], May 31, 2020</ref>, both worlds seem to reunite again.
=Pieces & Moves=
Promotion is mandatory for the forward only pieces of Knight, Lance or Pawn with no more moves after moving to the 9th or 8th (Knight) rank.
Pieces indicate their promotion state by turning the piece over after the corresponding move, revealing the character of the promoted piece. A drop of a captured piece always appears with the unpromoted side up.
{| class="wikitable"|-! Notation! Image ! colspan="2" | Name ! colspan="2" | Movement|-! K| [[FILE:Shogi kingShogiBoardAndPieces.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 玉/王| [[King]]| Shogi board and pieces, together with their starting position and moves one square in any direction,<br/ref> orthogonal or diagonal| style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>. ○ K ○ .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! R| [Image from [FILEhttp:Shogi rook.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 飛| [[Rook]]| moves any number of squares<br/>in an orthogonal direction| style="font-family: monospace;" |. . | . .<br/>. . | . .<br/>─ ─ R ─ ─<br/>shogihub. . | . .<brcom/>. . | . .<brplayers/>|-! +R| [[FILE:Shogi rook p.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]431 Yoshinori Kimura] | 龍王| Promoted Rook<br/>or Dragon King| moves as a Rook<br/>or as a King| style="font-family: monospace;" |('''1999'''). . | . .<br/>. ○ | ○ .<br/>─ ─+R ─ ─<br/>. ○ | ○ .<br/>. . | . .<br/>|-! B| [[FILE:''The History of Shogi bishop''.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 角| [[Bishop]]| moves any number of squares<br/>in a diagonal direction| style="font-familyhttps: monospace;" |\ . . . /<br/>. \ . / .<br/>. . B . .<br/>. / en. \ wikipedia.<brorg/>wiki/ . . . \<br/>|-! +B| [[FILE:Shogi bishop p.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]Japan_Foundation Japan Foundation Newsletter] | 龍馬| Promoted Bishop<br/>or Horse| moves as a Bishop<br/>or as a King| style="font-family: monospace;" |\ . . . /<br/>. \ ○ / .<br/>. ○+B ○ .<br/>. / ○ \ .<br/>/ . . . \<br/>|-! G| [[FILE:Shogi gold.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 金| Gold General | moves one square orthogonally,<br/>or one square diagonally forward| style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<brXXVI/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>Nos. ○ G ○ .<br/>. . ○ . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! S| [[FILE:Shogi silver.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 銀| Silver General | moves one square diagonally5–6,<br/>or one square straight forward| style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>. . S . .<br/>. ○ . ○ .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! +S| [[FILE:Shogi silver p.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 成銀| Promoted Silver| moves like a Gold General | style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>. ○+S ○ .<br/>. . ○ . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! N| [[FILE:Shogi knight.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 桂| [[Knight]] | jumps one square straight forward<br/>plus one square diagonally forward| style="font-family: monospace;" |. ☆ . ☆ .<br/>. . . . .<br/>. . N . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! +N| [[FILE:Shogi knight p.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 成桂| Promoted Knight| moves like a Gold General | style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>. ○+N ○ .<br/>. . ○ . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! L| [[FILE:Shogi lance.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 香| Lance| moves any number of squares<br/>in straight forward direction| style="font-familyhttps: monospace;" |. . | . .<br/>. . | . .<br/>web. archive. L . .<brorg/>. . . . .<brweb/>. . . . .<br20151105233924/>|-! +L| [[FILE:Shogi lance p.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 成香| Promoted Lance| moves like a Gold General| style="font-familyhttps: monospace;" |. . . . .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/>. ○+L ○ .<br/>. www. ○ jpf. go.<brjp/>. . . . .<brj/>|-! P| [[FILE:Shogi pawn.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100px]] | 歩| [[Pawn]]| moves and captures one square<brpublish/>straight forward| style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<brperiodic/>. . ○ . .<brjfn/>. . P . .<brpdf/>jfn26_5. . . . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|-! +P| [[FILE:Shogi pawn p.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|100pxpdf pdf]] | と金| Promoted Pawn| moves like a Gold General| style="font-family: monospace;" |. . . . .<br/>. ○ ○ ○ .<br/ref>. ○+P ○ .<br/>. . ○ . .<br/>. . . . .<br/>|}* ○ - singele step* ☆ - jump* \|/- sliding directions
<span id="Engines"></span>
=Shogi Engines=
* [[Elmo]]
* [[Gekisashi]]
* [[GPS Shogi]]* [[IS]]* [[Kristallweizen-kai]]
* [[ShogiNet]]
* [[Shokidoki]]
* [[WCSC03|WCSC03 1992]]
* [[WCSC04|WCSC04 1993]]
* [[WCSC05|WCSC05 19951994]]
* [[WCSC06|WCSC06 1996]]
* [[WCSC07|WCSC07 1997]]
* [[20th Computer Olympiad#Shogi|20th Computer Olympiad, Leiden 2017]]
==Photos=====Taipei 2005===
[[FILE:Olympiad2005Shogi.JPG|none|border|text-bottom|640px|link=http://www.jaist.ac.jp/rccg/menu/topic/image007.jpg]]
[[10th Computer Olympiad#Shogi|10th Computer Olympiad, Taipei 2005]], [[Tacos]] by [[Tsuyoshi Hashimoto]] won vs. [[Spear]] by [[Reijer Grimbergen]] <br/>[[Hiroyuki Iida]] (Tacos), [[Hitoshi Matsubara]], and [[Shogo Takeuchi]] posing for the Gold medal winner <ref>clipped from [http://www.jaist.ac.jp/rccg/menu/topic/image007.jpg image007] from [http://www.jaist.ac.jp/rccg/menu/topic.htm Research Center for Computers and Games - Tacos Won Shogi Tournament at the 10th Computer Olympiad], September 18, 2005</ref>
===Turin 2006===
[[FILE:Shogi2006.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|640px|link=http://icga.leidenuniv.nl/icga/news/Olympiad/Olympiad2006/fotos/target100.html]]
Shogi Winners at the [[11th Computer Olympiad#Shogi|11th Computer Olympiad, Turin 2006]]: [[Jun Nagashima]] on behalf of [[Bonanza]] (Silver), <br/>[[Hiroshi Yamashita]] (Gold with [[YSS]]), and [[Hiroyuki Iida]] (Bronze for [[Tacos]]), [[Jaap van den Herik]] congrats <ref>[http://icga.leidenuniv.nl/icga/news/Olympiad/Olympiad2006/fotos/ ICGA Olympiad 2006 Photos]</ref>
* [[Monte-Carlo Tree Search]]
* [[NNUE]]
* [[Stockfish NNUE]]* [[USI]] - Universal Shogi Interface
* [[UCI2WB#USI2WB|USI2WB]]
* [[Reijer Grimbergen]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_20 A Survey of Tsume-Shogi Programs Using Variable-Depth Search]''. [[CG 1998]]
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jin Yoshimura]], [[Kazuro Morita]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_21 Retrograde Analysis of the KGK Endgame in Shogi: Its Implications for Ancient Heian Shogi]''. [[CG 1998]]
* [http://shogihub.com/players/431 Yoshinori Kimura] ('''1999'''). ''The History of Shogi''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Foundation Japan Foundation Newsletter], XXVI/Nos. 5–6, [https://web.archive.org/web/20151105233924/https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/publish/periodic/jfn/pdf/jfn26_5.pdf pdf]
==2000 ...==
* [[Tsuyoshi Hashimoto]], [[Yoichiro Kajihara]], [[Hiroyuki Iida]] ('''2000'''). ''Brinkmate Search in Computer Shogi''. [[5th Computer Olympiad#Workshop|5th Computer Olympiad Workshop]]
* [[Kunihito Hoki]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]] ('''2014'''). ''[https://www.jair.org/papers/paper4217.html Large-Scale Optimization for Evaluation Functions with Minimax Search]''. [https://www.jair.org/vol/vol49.html JAIR Vol. 49], [https://www.jair.org/media/4217/live-4217-7792-jair.pdf pdf] » [[Automated Tuning]] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=55084 MMTO for evaluation learning] by [[Jon Dart]], [[CCC]], January 25, 2015</ref>
* [[Takenobu Takizawa]] ('''2014'''). ''Computer Shogi 2012 through 2014''. [[Conferences#GPW19|The 19th Game Programming Workshop]]
* [[Kunihito Hoki]], [[Seiya Omori]], [[Takeshi Ito]] ('''2014'''). ''Analysis of Performance of Consultation Methods in Computer Chess''. [https://jise.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ Journal of Information Science and Engineering], Vol. 30, [https://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/page/jise/2014/201405_10.pdf pdf]
==2015 ...==
* [[Shu Yokoyama]], [[Tomoyuki Kaneko]], [[Tetsuro Tanaka]] ('''2015'''). ''Parameter-Free Tree Style Pipeline in Asynchronous Parallel Game-Tree Search''. [[Advances in Computer Games 14]], [http://www.graco.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~kaneko/papers/acg2015-yokoyama.pdf pdf]
* [[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2017'''). ''Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815 arXiv:1712.01815] » [[AlphaZero]]
'''2018'''
* [[Yu Nasu]] ('''2018'''). ''&#398;U&#1048;&#1048; Efficiently Updatable Neural-Network based Evaluation Functions for Computer Shogi''. Ziosoft Computer Shogi Club, [https://github.com/ynasu87/nnue/blob/master/docs/nnue.pdf pdf], [https://www.apply.computer-shogi.org/wcsc28/appeal/the_end_of_genesis_T.N.K.evolution_turbo_type_D/nnue.pdf pdf] (Japanese with English abstract)[https://github.com/asdfjkl/nnue GitHub - asdfjkl/nnue translation] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=76250 Translation of Yu Nasu's NNUE paper] by [[Dominik Klein]], [[CCC]], January 07, 2021</ref>
* [[Takafumi Nakamichi]], [[Takeshi Ito]] ('''2018'''). ''Adjusting the evaluation function for weakening the competency level of a computer shogi program''. [[ICGA Journal#40_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 40, No. 1]]
* [[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Matthew Lai]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Marc Lanctot]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Dharshan Kumaran]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Demis Hassabis]] ('''2018'''). ''[http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1140 A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_(journal) Science], Vol. 362, No. 6419 <ref>[https://deepmind.com/blog/alphazero-shedding-new-light-grand-games-chess-shogi-and-go/ AlphaZero: Shedding new light on the grand games of chess, shogi and Go] by [[David Silver]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Julian Schrittwieser]] and [[Demis Hassabis]], [[DeepMind]], December 03, 2018</ref>
==2020 ...==
* [[Jr-Chang Chen]], [[Hsuan-Yu Wang]], [[Po-Hsun Chen]] ('''2020'''). ''Nyanpass wins Minishogi and Diceshogi tournaments''. [[ICGA Journal#42_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 1]] » [[22nd Computer Olympiad]]
* [[Julian Schrittwieser]], [[Ioannis Antonoglou]], [[Thomas Hubert]], [[Karen Simonyan]], [[Laurent Sifre]], [[Simon Schmitt]], [[Arthur Guez]], [[Edward Lockhart]], [[Demis Hassabis]], [[Thore Graepel]], [[Timothy Lillicrap]], [[David Silver]] ('''2020'''). ''[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03051-4 Mastering Atari, Go, chess and shogi by planning with a learned model]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_%28journal%29 Nature], Vol. 588 <ref>[https://deepmind.com/blog/article/muzero-mastering-go-chess-shogi-and-atari-without-rules?fbclid=IwAR3mSwrn1YXDKr9uuGm2GlFKh76wBilex7f8QvBiQecwiVmAvD6Bkyjx-rE MuZero: Mastering Go, chess, shogi and Atari without rules]</ref>
=Forum Posts=
==2007 ...==
* [http://www.shogi.net/shogi-l/Archive/2007/Njan15-10.txt Some thoughts on computer Shogi] by [[Tord Romstad]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], January 15, 2007* [http://www.shogi.net/shogi-l/dir07/dirday0124/article070124132552.html First draft of the Universal Shogi Interface (USI)] by [[Tord Romstad]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], January 24, 2007
* [http://www.open-aurec.com/wbforum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=6807 Shogi] by [[Onno Garms]], [[Computer Chess Forums|Winboard Forum]], September 14, 2007
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/6VHAAs-RNFY/q6TZO8VPrGgJ test] by [[Takenobu Takizawa|Nobu]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], July 22, 2008
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/wJMDDeC4FSI/v_Yv0QsLEFMJ Results of the 22nd World Computer Shogi Championships] by [[Reijer Grimbergen]] on behalf of [[Takenobu Takizawa]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], May 10, 2012
'''2013'''
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/olBJzU1kxqo/NvTDANTwNfUJ computer beats pro] by [[Larry Kaufman]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], April 21, 2013
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/zO3mIXuHetY/6Hx5Cpl83yUJ The 23rd World Computer Shogi Championship Applicant List] by [[Reijer Grimbergen]] on behalf of [[Takenobu Takizawa]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], April 29, 2013
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/lauO5HQFQNw/FHtovUqEwBEJ Bonanza wins Computer Shogi Championship] by [[Hiroshi Yamashita]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], May 06, 2013
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=59955 Sjaak II, Wa Shogi and XBoard 4.9] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], April 25, 2016 » [[Sjaak (Glebbeek)|Sjaak II]], [[XBoard]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=60445 Perft for Xiangqi & Shogi] by [[Patrice Duhamel]], [[CCC]], June 12, 2016 » [[Chinese Chess|Xiangqi]], [[Perft]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=61407 Japanese Chess (Shogi) Engines USI - Shogidokoro-GUI 3.7.2] by [[Norbert Raimund Leisner]], [[CCC]], September 12, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=61441 WinBoard 4.8.0 for Shogi - Tanuki USI Engine] by [[Norbert Raimund Leisner]], [[CCC]], September 16, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=62432 Mini shogi engines and rating list] by [[Ferdinand Mosca]], [[CCC]], December 09, 2016
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=62484 Sjaak II 1.4.1 and Shogi] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], December 14, 2016 » [[Sjaak (Glebbeek)|Sjaak II]]
==2020 ...==
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=72754 The Stockfish of shogi] by [[Larry Kaufman]], [[CCC]], January 07, 2020 » [[NNUE]]
* [http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=73298 The Inferno Thread, part II] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[CCC]], March 07, 2020 » [[#Tenjiku|Tenjiku Shogi]]
* [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/C4Qfi3pGqdM/nAukLUgMAQAJ Zero?] by BCM, [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], June 04, 2020
: [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/shogi-l/C4Qfi3pGqdM/RL5EHBCDCAAJ Re: Zero?] by [[Harm Geert Muller]], [[Computer Chess Forums|SHOGI-L]], June 05, 2020
=External Links=
==Shogi==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi Shogi from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_(shogi) Castle (shogi) from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi_strategy_and_tactics Shogi strategy and tactics from Wikipedia]
* [http://eric.macshogi.com/shogi/handicap/handicap.html Handicap Series] by [[Larry Kaufman]], from [http://eric.macshogi.com/index.html Eric Cheymol's Shogi Page]
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/the-knight-that-jumps-high-falls-prey-to-a-pawn-1 The Knight that Jumps High Falls Prey to a Pawn (1)] by [https://en.chessbase.com/author/diana-mihajlova Diana Mihajlova], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 03, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/the-knight-that-jumps-high-falls-prey-to-a-pawn-2 The Knight that Jumps High Falls Prey to a Pawn (2)] by [https://en.chessbase.com/author/diana-mihajlova Diana Mihajlova], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 04, 2015
==Computer Shogi==
* [http://www2.computer-shogi.org/index_e.html Computer Shogi Association Web Site]
* [https://www.qhapaq.org/shogi/shogiwiki/how-start-computer-shogi-japanese-chess/ How to start computer Shogi], [https://www.qhapaq.org/shogi/shogiwiki/ shogiwiki]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi Shogi from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shogi Computer shogi from Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi_strategy_and_tactics Shogi strategy and tactics from Wikipedia]
* [https://www.game-ai-forum.org/icga-tournaments/game.php?id=17 Shogi] at the [[Computer Olympiad]]
* [http://hgm.nubati.net/usi.html The Universal Shogi Interface (USI)] » [[USI]]
* [http://www2.teu.ac.jp/gamelab/SHOGI/articlesmain.html Shogi articles] by [[Reijer Grimbergen]]
* [http://eric.macshogi.com/shogi/handicap/handicap.html Handicap Series] by [[Larry Kaufman]], from [http://eric.macshogi.com/index.html Eric Cheymol's Shogi Page]
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/the-knight-that-jumps-high-falls-prey-to-a-pawn-1 The Knight that Jumps High Falls Prey to a Pawn (1)] by [https://en.chessbase.com/author/diana-mihajlova Diana Mihajlova], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 03, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/the-knight-that-jumps-high-falls-prey-to-a-pawn-2 The Knight that Jumps High Falls Prey to a Pawn (2)] by [https://en.chessbase.com/author/diana-mihajlova Diana Mihajlova], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], January 04, 2015
== <span id="Variants"></span>Variants==
* <span id="Mini"></span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minishogi Minishogi from Wikipedia]
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