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Created page with "'''Home * Chess * Position * Piece Recognition''' FILE:Schachspiel2016Henrichshuette.JPG|border|right|thumb| Chessgame <ref>Schachspiel..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Chess]] * [[Chess Position|Position]] * Piece Recognition'''
[[FILE:Schachspiel2016Henrichshuette.JPG|border|right|thumb| Chessgame <ref>Schachspiel by Lür Henning Flake, from the [https://www.lwl.org/industriemuseum/standorte/henrichshuette-hattingen/sonderausstellung/technophilia Technophilia] art exhibition at [https://www.lwl.org/industriemuseum/standorte/henrichshuette-hattingen/english Henrichshütte Ironworks - Museum of iron and steel], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattingen Hattingen], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany], part of [[Arts#IndustrialHeritageTrail|The Industrial Heritage Trail]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr Ruhr area], Photo by [[Gerd Isenberg]], October 01, 2016</ref> ]]
'''Piece Recognition''', (Chess Board or Chess Position Recognition)<br/>
the ability of [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] or chess playing [[Robots|robots]] to automatically recognize all the [[Pieces|pieces]] on a [[Chessboard|chessboard]], or in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision computer vision] to convert an image of a real chessboard with pieces, or a [[Diagrams|chess diagram]] into a machine readable format specifying a chess position, such as [[Forsyth-Edwards Notation]] (FEN) or [[Extended Position Description]] (EPD).
=Computer Vision=
Piece recognition is an interesting topic in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision computer vision], [[Learning|machine learning]] and [[Pattern Recognition|pattern recognition]] using one or more [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera cameras] along with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing digital image processing] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_object_recognition object recognition], more recently supported by [[Deep Learning|deep learning]] techniques as demonstrated by [[Daylen Yang]] with his ''Chess ID'' project <ref>[https://medium.com/@daylenyang/building-chess-id-99afa57326cd Building Chess ID – Medium] by [[Daylen Yang]]</ref>.
=Piece Recognition Boards=
The [[User Interface|user interface]] task to [[Entering Moves|enter moves]] on a [[Sensory Board|sensory board]] is often implemented with pressure sensitive or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_switch magnetic switches] to determine [[Origin Square|origin]] and [[Target Square|target squares]] with the implicit knowledge of the game state which piece was on the origin square and moved. The incremental update during [[Chess Game|game play]] starting from the [[Initial Position|initial position]] requires some care to keep internal and external board representation in sync, specially if analyzing with taking moves back. Here, real piece recognition offers not only much more comfort in entering arbitrary positions, but also more fault tolerant move recognition for dedicated units.
Piece recognition sensory boards require special [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics electronics], and pieces with integrated [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component#Passive_components passive components], such as [[Pieces#PieceTypeCoding|piece type]] and piece color specific [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil coils] on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrite_core ferrite core] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LC_circuit LC circuit]. Selected via file- and rank [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexer multiplexer], the LC circuit forms a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling inductive coupled] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback feedback loop] of an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplifier amplifier] forcing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation oscillation] in piece type specific [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance resonance], which could be measured or filtered, to detect the piece (if any) on the selected square. As reported by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[Ken Thompson]] already had a piece recognition board based on coils in the base of the pieces, as demonstrated at [[ACM 1978]] with [[Belle]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=67909 Re: Tasc R30 v 2.5?] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 08, 1999</ref>. Along with [[Mathematician#HSBaird|Henry S. Baird]], Ken Thompson further contributed to computer vision applied to [[Algebraic Chess Notation#ReadingChess|reading chess]] a few years later <ref>[[Mathematician#HSBaird|Henry S. Baird]], [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/reading_chess/ Reading Chess]''. [[IEEE#TPAMI|IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]], Vol. 12, No. 6, [http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/reading_chess/reading_chess.pdf pdf]</ref>.
=Selected Systems=
* [[Chess-Master]]
* [[DGT Board]]
* [[Mephisto Module Systems|Mephisto Bavaria]]
* [[Millennium ChessGenius]]
* [[Raspberry Turk]]
* [[Revelation II]]
* [[TASC R30]]
* [[TASC R40]]
* [[TASC SmartBoard]]
=See also=
* [[DGT Board#PieceRecognition|DGT Board - Piece Recognition]]
* [[Pattern Recognition]]
* [[Algebraic Chess Notation#ReadingChess|Reading Chess]]
* [[Robots]]
* [[Sensory Board]]
* [[TASC SmartBoard#PatentInfringement|TASC SmartBoard - Patent Infringement]]
=Publications=
==2000 ...==
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pkFzb9QAAAAJ Timothée Cour], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/r%C3%A9my-lauranson-3799a623/ Rémy Lauranson], [http://fr.linkedin.com/pub/matthieu-vachette/1b/bb5/571 Matthieu Vachette] ('''2002'''). ''Autonomous Chess-playing Robot''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique École Polytechnique], [http://www.timotheecour.com/papers/ChessAutonomousRobot.pdf pdf], [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/57e7/9b85d53597d59a1009ea964876de260935ea.pdf pdf]
* [http://be.linkedin.com/pub/david-urting/4/82b/448 David Urting], [http://distrinet.cs.kuleuven.be/people/showMember.do?memberID=u0006685 Yolande Berbers] ('''2003'''). ''[https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/132621?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record MarineBlue: A Low-Cost Chess Robot]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven], [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ra/ra2003.html#UrtingB03 RA 2003]. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=CE76646F8F250AB5DAA36951D4D28335?doi=10.1.1.83.6961&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/arturo-de-la-escalera-hueso-b82a0138/ Arturo De la Escalera], [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VBUqG3AAAAAJ Jose María Armingol] ('''2010'''). ''[http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/2027 Automatic Chessboard Detection for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Parameter Calibration]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensors_(journal) Sensors], vol. 10, No. 3
* [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/cynthia/ Cynthia Matuszek], [http://bdm.cc/ Brian Mayton], [http://web.media.mit.edu/~roberto/ Roberto Aimi], [http://www.ias.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/Team/MarcDeisenroth Marc Peter Deisenroth], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/lfb/ Liefeng Bo], [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/robert-chu/2a/6bb/714 Robert Chu], [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/mike-kung/14/2a5/89a Mike Kung], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/l/LeGrand:Louis.html Louis LeGrand], [http://web.media.mit.edu/~jrs/ Joshua R. Smith], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/fox/ Dieter Fox] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.cs.washington.edu/ai/Mobile_Robotics//projects/gambit/abstracts/chess-icra-11.abstract.html Gambit: A Robust Chess-Playing Robotic System]''. Proc. of [http://www.icra2011.org/ ICRA 2011], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/ai/Mobile_Robotics/postscripts/chess-icra-11.pdf pdf] <ref>[http://www.cs.washington.edu/ai/Mobile_Robotics//projects/gambit/ The Gambit Manipulator at UW RSE-lab]</ref> <ref>[http://www.seattle.intel-research.net/robotics/ Personal Robotics at Intel Labs Seattle]</ref> <ref>[http://www.chessplayingrobot.com/ Chess Playing Robot]</ref>
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c9eehXcAAAAJ&hl=en Nandan Banerjee], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/debalsaha/?ppe=1 Debal Saha], [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=vyadjhgAAAAJ&hl=en Atikant Singh], [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=W4uu_30AAAAJ&hl=en Gautam Sanyal] ('''2011'''). ''A Simple Autonomous Robotic Manipulator for Playing Chess Against any Opponent in Real Time''. [http://nandanbanerjee.com/files/ICCVR-08AUG12-011%20paper.pdf pdf]
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/cheryl-danner-b315bb5/ Cheryl Danner], [https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=IiJjdPsAAAAJ&hl=en Mai Kafafy] ('''2015'''). ''Visual Piece Recognition''. [[Stanford University]], [https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee368/Project_Spring_1415/Reports/Danner_Kafafy.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Visual-Chess-Recognition-Danner-Kafafy/84f766e32665138f78bdc61486ca13a52bbc7d39 Visual Chess Recognition - Semantic Scholar]</ref>
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/raghuveerkanchibail/ Raghuveer Kanchibail], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/supreethprakash/ Supreeth Suryaprakash], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jsuhas89/ Suhas Jagadish] ('''2016'''). ''Chess Board Recognition''. School of Informatics and Computing, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University Indiana University], [http://vision.soic.indiana.edu/b657/sp2016/projects/rkanchib/paper.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=67834 Re: Tasc R30 v 2.5?] by [[Steven Schwartz]], [[CCC]], September 08, 1999
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=194531 Re: What happened to TASC?] by [[Steven Schwartz]], [[CCC]], October 27, 2001
* [https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/web-cam-based-chessboard-position-digital-recognition Web-cam based chessboard position digital recognition?] by Clifton Prince, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com forum], June 04, 2016
=External Links=
* [http://www.google.com/patents/US5129654 Patent US5129654 - Electronic game apparatus - Google Patents] » [[TASC SmartBoard#PatentInfringement|TASC SmartBoard - Patent Infringement]]
* [http://chessgrabber.nicolaas.net/acknowledgements Chess Grabber]
* [http://webcamchess.fr/ Webcam Chess]
* [https://medium.com/@daylenyang/building-chess-id-99afa57326cd Building Chess ID – Medium] by [[Daylen Yang]]
* [https://github.com/daylen/chess-id GitHub - daylen/chess-id: Board localization and piece recognition] by [[Daylen Yang]]
* [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Visual-Chess-Recognition-Danner-Kafafy/84f766e32665138f78bdc61486ca13a52bbc7d39 Visual Chess Recognition - Semantic Scholar] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/cheryl-danner-b315bb5/ Cheryl Danner] and [https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=IiJjdPsAAAAJ&hl=en Mai Kafafy] <ref> [https://www.linkedin.com/in/cheryl-danner-b315bb5/ Cheryl Danner], [https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=IiJjdPsAAAAJ&hl=en Mai Kafafy] ('''2015'''). ''Visual Piece Recognition''. [[Stanford University]], [https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee368/Project_Spring_1415/Reports/Danner_Kafafy.pdf pdf]</ref>
=References=
<references />
'''[[Chess Position|Up one level]]'''
[[FILE:Schachspiel2016Henrichshuette.JPG|border|right|thumb| Chessgame <ref>Schachspiel by Lür Henning Flake, from the [https://www.lwl.org/industriemuseum/standorte/henrichshuette-hattingen/sonderausstellung/technophilia Technophilia] art exhibition at [https://www.lwl.org/industriemuseum/standorte/henrichshuette-hattingen/english Henrichshütte Ironworks - Museum of iron and steel], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattingen Hattingen], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany], part of [[Arts#IndustrialHeritageTrail|The Industrial Heritage Trail]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr Ruhr area], Photo by [[Gerd Isenberg]], October 01, 2016</ref> ]]
'''Piece Recognition''', (Chess Board or Chess Position Recognition)<br/>
the ability of [[Dedicated Chess Computers|dedicated chess computers]] or chess playing [[Robots|robots]] to automatically recognize all the [[Pieces|pieces]] on a [[Chessboard|chessboard]], or in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision computer vision] to convert an image of a real chessboard with pieces, or a [[Diagrams|chess diagram]] into a machine readable format specifying a chess position, such as [[Forsyth-Edwards Notation]] (FEN) or [[Extended Position Description]] (EPD).
=Computer Vision=
Piece recognition is an interesting topic in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision computer vision], [[Learning|machine learning]] and [[Pattern Recognition|pattern recognition]] using one or more [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera cameras] along with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing digital image processing] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_object_recognition object recognition], more recently supported by [[Deep Learning|deep learning]] techniques as demonstrated by [[Daylen Yang]] with his ''Chess ID'' project <ref>[https://medium.com/@daylenyang/building-chess-id-99afa57326cd Building Chess ID – Medium] by [[Daylen Yang]]</ref>.
=Piece Recognition Boards=
The [[User Interface|user interface]] task to [[Entering Moves|enter moves]] on a [[Sensory Board|sensory board]] is often implemented with pressure sensitive or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_switch magnetic switches] to determine [[Origin Square|origin]] and [[Target Square|target squares]] with the implicit knowledge of the game state which piece was on the origin square and moved. The incremental update during [[Chess Game|game play]] starting from the [[Initial Position|initial position]] requires some care to keep internal and external board representation in sync, specially if analyzing with taking moves back. Here, real piece recognition offers not only much more comfort in entering arbitrary positions, but also more fault tolerant move recognition for dedicated units.
Piece recognition sensory boards require special [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics electronics], and pieces with integrated [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component#Passive_components passive components], such as [[Pieces#PieceTypeCoding|piece type]] and piece color specific [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil coils] on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrite_core ferrite core] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LC_circuit LC circuit]. Selected via file- and rank [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexer multiplexer], the LC circuit forms a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_coupling inductive coupled] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback feedback loop] of an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplifier amplifier] forcing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation oscillation] in piece type specific [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance resonance], which could be measured or filtered, to detect the piece (if any) on the selected square. As reported by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[Ken Thompson]] already had a piece recognition board based on coils in the base of the pieces, as demonstrated at [[ACM 1978]] with [[Belle]] <ref>[https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=67909 Re: Tasc R30 v 2.5?] by [[Robert Hyatt]], [[CCC]], September 08, 1999</ref>. Along with [[Mathematician#HSBaird|Henry S. Baird]], Ken Thompson further contributed to computer vision applied to [[Algebraic Chess Notation#ReadingChess|reading chess]] a few years later <ref>[[Mathematician#HSBaird|Henry S. Baird]], [[Ken Thompson]] ('''1990'''). ''[http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/reading_chess/ Reading Chess]''. [[IEEE#TPAMI|IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]], Vol. 12, No. 6, [http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/reading_chess/reading_chess.pdf pdf]</ref>.
=Selected Systems=
* [[Chess-Master]]
* [[DGT Board]]
* [[Mephisto Module Systems|Mephisto Bavaria]]
* [[Millennium ChessGenius]]
* [[Raspberry Turk]]
* [[Revelation II]]
* [[TASC R30]]
* [[TASC R40]]
* [[TASC SmartBoard]]
=See also=
* [[DGT Board#PieceRecognition|DGT Board - Piece Recognition]]
* [[Pattern Recognition]]
* [[Algebraic Chess Notation#ReadingChess|Reading Chess]]
* [[Robots]]
* [[Sensory Board]]
* [[TASC SmartBoard#PatentInfringement|TASC SmartBoard - Patent Infringement]]
=Publications=
==2000 ...==
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pkFzb9QAAAAJ Timothée Cour], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/r%C3%A9my-lauranson-3799a623/ Rémy Lauranson], [http://fr.linkedin.com/pub/matthieu-vachette/1b/bb5/571 Matthieu Vachette] ('''2002'''). ''Autonomous Chess-playing Robot''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique École Polytechnique], [http://www.timotheecour.com/papers/ChessAutonomousRobot.pdf pdf], [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/57e7/9b85d53597d59a1009ea964876de260935ea.pdf pdf]
* [http://be.linkedin.com/pub/david-urting/4/82b/448 David Urting], [http://distrinet.cs.kuleuven.be/people/showMember.do?memberID=u0006685 Yolande Berbers] ('''2003'''). ''[https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/132621?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record MarineBlue: A Low-Cost Chess Robot]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven Katholieke Universiteit Leuven], [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ra/ra2003.html#UrtingB03 RA 2003]. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=CE76646F8F250AB5DAA36951D4D28335?doi=10.1.1.83.6961&rep=rep1&type=pdf pdf]
==2010 ...==
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/arturo-de-la-escalera-hueso-b82a0138/ Arturo De la Escalera], [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VBUqG3AAAAAJ Jose María Armingol] ('''2010'''). ''[http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/3/2027 Automatic Chessboard Detection for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Parameter Calibration]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensors_(journal) Sensors], vol. 10, No. 3
* [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/cynthia/ Cynthia Matuszek], [http://bdm.cc/ Brian Mayton], [http://web.media.mit.edu/~roberto/ Roberto Aimi], [http://www.ias.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/Team/MarcDeisenroth Marc Peter Deisenroth], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/lfb/ Liefeng Bo], [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/robert-chu/2a/6bb/714 Robert Chu], [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/mike-kung/14/2a5/89a Mike Kung], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/l/LeGrand:Louis.html Louis LeGrand], [http://web.media.mit.edu/~jrs/ Joshua R. Smith], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/fox/ Dieter Fox] ('''2011'''). ''[http://www.cs.washington.edu/ai/Mobile_Robotics//projects/gambit/abstracts/chess-icra-11.abstract.html Gambit: A Robust Chess-Playing Robotic System]''. Proc. of [http://www.icra2011.org/ ICRA 2011], [http://www.cs.washington.edu/ai/Mobile_Robotics/postscripts/chess-icra-11.pdf pdf] <ref>[http://www.cs.washington.edu/ai/Mobile_Robotics//projects/gambit/ The Gambit Manipulator at UW RSE-lab]</ref> <ref>[http://www.seattle.intel-research.net/robotics/ Personal Robotics at Intel Labs Seattle]</ref> <ref>[http://www.chessplayingrobot.com/ Chess Playing Robot]</ref>
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c9eehXcAAAAJ&hl=en Nandan Banerjee], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/debalsaha/?ppe=1 Debal Saha], [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=vyadjhgAAAAJ&hl=en Atikant Singh], [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=W4uu_30AAAAJ&hl=en Gautam Sanyal] ('''2011'''). ''A Simple Autonomous Robotic Manipulator for Playing Chess Against any Opponent in Real Time''. [http://nandanbanerjee.com/files/ICCVR-08AUG12-011%20paper.pdf pdf]
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/cheryl-danner-b315bb5/ Cheryl Danner], [https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=IiJjdPsAAAAJ&hl=en Mai Kafafy] ('''2015'''). ''Visual Piece Recognition''. [[Stanford University]], [https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee368/Project_Spring_1415/Reports/Danner_Kafafy.pdf pdf] <ref>[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Visual-Chess-Recognition-Danner-Kafafy/84f766e32665138f78bdc61486ca13a52bbc7d39 Visual Chess Recognition - Semantic Scholar]</ref>
* [https://www.linkedin.com/in/raghuveerkanchibail/ Raghuveer Kanchibail], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/supreethprakash/ Supreeth Suryaprakash], [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jsuhas89/ Suhas Jagadish] ('''2016'''). ''Chess Board Recognition''. School of Informatics and Computing, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University Indiana University], [http://vision.soic.indiana.edu/b657/sp2016/projects/rkanchib/paper.pdf pdf]
=Forum Posts=
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=67834 Re: Tasc R30 v 2.5?] by [[Steven Schwartz]], [[CCC]], September 08, 1999
* [https://www.stmintz.com/ccc/index.php?id=194531 Re: What happened to TASC?] by [[Steven Schwartz]], [[CCC]], October 27, 2001
* [https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/web-cam-based-chessboard-position-digital-recognition Web-cam based chessboard position digital recognition?] by Clifton Prince, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com forum], June 04, 2016
=External Links=
* [http://www.google.com/patents/US5129654 Patent US5129654 - Electronic game apparatus - Google Patents] » [[TASC SmartBoard#PatentInfringement|TASC SmartBoard - Patent Infringement]]
* [http://chessgrabber.nicolaas.net/acknowledgements Chess Grabber]
* [http://webcamchess.fr/ Webcam Chess]
* [https://medium.com/@daylenyang/building-chess-id-99afa57326cd Building Chess ID – Medium] by [[Daylen Yang]]
* [https://github.com/daylen/chess-id GitHub - daylen/chess-id: Board localization and piece recognition] by [[Daylen Yang]]
* [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Visual-Chess-Recognition-Danner-Kafafy/84f766e32665138f78bdc61486ca13a52bbc7d39 Visual Chess Recognition - Semantic Scholar] by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/cheryl-danner-b315bb5/ Cheryl Danner] and [https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=IiJjdPsAAAAJ&hl=en Mai Kafafy] <ref> [https://www.linkedin.com/in/cheryl-danner-b315bb5/ Cheryl Danner], [https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=IiJjdPsAAAAJ&hl=en Mai Kafafy] ('''2015'''). ''Visual Piece Recognition''. [[Stanford University]], [https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee368/Project_Spring_1415/Reports/Danner_Kafafy.pdf pdf]</ref>
=References=
<references />
'''[[Chess Position|Up one level]]'''
