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Created page with "'''Home * Board Representation * Bitboards * Pawn Pattern and Properties * Pawn Rams''' FILE:SamuelBakLocked.jpg|border|right|thumb| [[Arts#Bak|Sa..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[Board Representation]] * [[Bitboards]] * [[Pawn Pattern and Properties]] * Pawn Rams'''
[[FILE:SamuelBakLocked.jpg|border|right|thumb|
[[Arts#Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Locked <ref>
[https://static1.squarespace.com/static/594044bd3a041171e0426683/t/5a12fe739140b703b4e45d85/1511194240551/Bak%2C+Sam+Your+Move+2003.pdf ... Your Move - Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak] (pdf) from [https://www.puckergallery.com/artists/#/samuel-bak/ Samuel Bak - represented by Pucker Gallery since 1969]</ref> ]]
'''Pawn Rams''',<br/>
all [[Pawn|pawns]] that are blocked by the opponent's pawns. A ram is a mutual mechanical obstruction. If the rammed pawn is no [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|lever pawn]], it becomes member of the [[Immobile Pawns|immobile pawns]]. Specially if other properties match, e.g. there is no or no mutual lever-possibility against the opponent counterpart, rams are a '''symptom''' of '''congealment'''. The term Ram or [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widder Widder] in German ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis Ovis], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_%28constellation%29 Aries]) was coined by [[Hans Kmoch]] <ref>[[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6</ref> <ref>[https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/pawn-power-in-chess-by-hans-kmoch-glossary-of-terms Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch - Glossary of Terms - Chess Forums] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com]</ref>. Rammed none lever pawns in the [[Center|center]] or [[Center#ExtendedCenter|extended center]] are most important to decide about [[Bad Bishop|bad bishops]].
=Blocked Positions=
Three or four [[Isolated Pawn|isolated]] rams are a perfect barrier - no path for either king to enter to opposite area.
<pre>
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. b . . b . . b
. w . . w . . w
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
</pre>
=Code=
''Working in the bitboard centric world to determine [[Pawn|pawn]] related pattern set-wise.''
''The code snippets rely on [[General Setwise Operations#ShiftingBitboards|shifting bitboards]], specially by [[General Setwise Operations#OneStepOnly|one step only]].''
<pre>
U64 wRam(U64 wpawns, U64 bpawns) {return soutOne(bpawns) & wpawns;}
U64 bRam(U64 wpawns, U64 bpawns) {return nortOne(wpawns) & bpawns;}
</pre>
Obviously the number of white rammed pawns is equal to the number of black rammed pawns.
=Mutual Mechanical Obstruction=
[[FILE:Widder.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://flickr.com/photos/olaf_k/2079888707/]]
Mutual Mechanical Obstruction <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/olaf_k/2079888707/ Kämpfende Steinböcke ... fighting ibex] from [http://www.flickr.com/ Flickr - Fotosharing!], [http://www.kleinwegen.net/ kleinwegen.net]</ref>
=See also=
* [[Backward Pawn]]
* [[Blockade]]
* [[Blockage Detection]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://groups.google.com/group/gnu.chess/browse_frm/thread/37bbd87f491aa673 Pawn ram code in gnuchess] by [[Chua Kong Sian]], [[GNU Chess#NewsGroup|gnu.chess]], June 18, 1994
=External Links=
* [https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/pawn-power-in-chess-by-hans-kmoch-glossary-of-terms Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch - Glossary of Terms - Chess Forums] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com]
* [https://wannabe.guru.org/scott/hobbies/chess/ Monsoon/Typhoon Homepage] by [[Scott Gasch]]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Pattern and Properties|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Samuel Bak]][[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
[[FILE:SamuelBakLocked.jpg|border|right|thumb|
[[Arts#Bak|Samuel Bak]] - Locked <ref>
[https://static1.squarespace.com/static/594044bd3a041171e0426683/t/5a12fe739140b703b4e45d85/1511194240551/Bak%2C+Sam+Your+Move+2003.pdf ... Your Move - Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak] (pdf) from [https://www.puckergallery.com/artists/#/samuel-bak/ Samuel Bak - represented by Pucker Gallery since 1969]</ref> ]]
'''Pawn Rams''',<br/>
all [[Pawn|pawns]] that are blocked by the opponent's pawns. A ram is a mutual mechanical obstruction. If the rammed pawn is no [[Pawn Levers (Bitboards)|lever pawn]], it becomes member of the [[Immobile Pawns|immobile pawns]]. Specially if other properties match, e.g. there is no or no mutual lever-possibility against the opponent counterpart, rams are a '''symptom''' of '''congealment'''. The term Ram or [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widder Widder] in German ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis Ovis], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aries_%28constellation%29 Aries]) was coined by [[Hans Kmoch]] <ref>[[Hans Kmoch]] ('''1959, 1990'''). ''Pawn Power in Chess''. New York: Dover, 1990. Previous ed.: New York: McKay, 1959. ISBN 0-486-26486-6</ref> <ref>[https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/pawn-power-in-chess-by-hans-kmoch-glossary-of-terms Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch - Glossary of Terms - Chess Forums] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com]</ref>. Rammed none lever pawns in the [[Center|center]] or [[Center#ExtendedCenter|extended center]] are most important to decide about [[Bad Bishop|bad bishops]].
=Blocked Positions=
Three or four [[Isolated Pawn|isolated]] rams are a perfect barrier - no path for either king to enter to opposite area.
<pre>
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. b . . b . . b
. w . . w . . w
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
</pre>
=Code=
''Working in the bitboard centric world to determine [[Pawn|pawn]] related pattern set-wise.''
''The code snippets rely on [[General Setwise Operations#ShiftingBitboards|shifting bitboards]], specially by [[General Setwise Operations#OneStepOnly|one step only]].''
<pre>
U64 wRam(U64 wpawns, U64 bpawns) {return soutOne(bpawns) & wpawns;}
U64 bRam(U64 wpawns, U64 bpawns) {return nortOne(wpawns) & bpawns;}
</pre>
Obviously the number of white rammed pawns is equal to the number of black rammed pawns.
=Mutual Mechanical Obstruction=
[[FILE:Widder.jpg|none|border|text-bottom|580px|link=http://flickr.com/photos/olaf_k/2079888707/]]
Mutual Mechanical Obstruction <ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/olaf_k/2079888707/ Kämpfende Steinböcke ... fighting ibex] from [http://www.flickr.com/ Flickr - Fotosharing!], [http://www.kleinwegen.net/ kleinwegen.net]</ref>
=See also=
* [[Backward Pawn]]
* [[Blockade]]
* [[Blockage Detection]]
=Forum Posts=
* [http://groups.google.com/group/gnu.chess/browse_frm/thread/37bbd87f491aa673 Pawn ram code in gnuchess] by [[Chua Kong Sian]], [[GNU Chess#NewsGroup|gnu.chess]], June 18, 1994
=External Links=
* [https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/pawn-power-in-chess-by-hans-kmoch-glossary-of-terms Pawn Power in Chess by Hans Kmoch - Glossary of Terms - Chess Forums] - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess.com Chess.com]
* [https://wannabe.guru.org/scott/hobbies/chess/ Monsoon/Typhoon Homepage] by [[Scott Gasch]]
=References=
<references />
'''[[Pawn Pattern and Properties|Up one Level]]'''
[[Category:Samuel Bak]][[Category:Hans Kmoch]]
