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The '''Pawn Endgame''' is an endgame actually without any [[Pieces|pieces]] but only [[Pawn|pawns]] and [[King|kings]]. Pawn endings somehow remind on a completely different game domain, requiring special evaluation routines, as well as conditions inside the [[Search|search]], i. e. switching of [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]]. Specially in "closed" or blocked pawn endgames with [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|rammed]] and [[Backward Pawn|backward pawns]] with only very few reasonable moves due to extremely low [[Mobility|mobility]], [[Zugzwang|zugzwang]], [[Stalemate|stalemate]], [[Triangulation|triangulation]], [[Tempo|tempo]] issues, the concepts of [[Opposition|opposition]] or more general [[Corresponding Squares|corresponding squares]], and [[King Pattern#FloodFillAlgorithms|king path puzzles]] start to dominate. Otherwise, in open pawn endings, naturally with a bigger [[Branching Factor|branching factor]] than the closed, all kinds of [[Passed Pawn|passed pawn]] issues are taken into account.
Using the [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] is essential in pawn endings, as demonstrated in positions like the [[Lasker-Reichhelm Position]] (Fine 70) or the [[Réti Endgame Study]] with astonishing [[Depth|search depths]]. Certainly, many programs [[Capture Extensions|extend]] a lot, if the last piece was captured with the transition into an "unclear" pawn endgame. [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] for instance, extends by three [[Ply|plies]] in [[Rebel]] considering [[Bound|bounds]] <ref>Quote by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] from his [http://www.top-5000.nl/authors/rebel/chess840.htm [Rebel#ProgrammerCorner|Programmer Corner]]: The Search is extended with 3 plies when the search transits to a pawn-ending. An extra window check of 3 pawns is done on I_SCORE before the extension is rewarded</ref> .
=Considerations=
=Pawn Endgame Programs=
* [[Chunker]]
* [[Endspiel]]
* [[PawnKing]]
* [[Peasant]]
* [[Pawn Pattern and Properties]] in [[Bitboards]]
* [[Pawn Structure]]
* [[Queen versus Pawn]]
* [[Transposition Table]]
