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The '''Pawn Endgame''' is an endgame actually without any [[Pieces|pieces]] but only [[Pawn|pawns]] and [[King|kings]]. Pawn endings somehow remind on a completely different game domain, requiring special evaluation routines, as well as conditions inside the [[Search|search]], i. e. switching of [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]]. Specially in "closed" or blocked pawn endgames with [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|rammed]] and [[Backward Pawn|backward pawns]] with only very few reasonable moves due to extremely low [[Mobility|mobility]], [[Zugzwang|zugzwang]], [[Stalemate|stalemate]], [[Triangulation|triangulation]], [[Tempo|tempo]] issues, the concepts of [[Opposition|opposition]] or more general [[Corresponding Squares|corresponding squares]], and [[King Pattern#FloodFillAlgorithms|king path puzzles]] start to dominate. Otherwise, in open pawn endings, naturally with a bigger [[Branching Factor|branching factor]] than the closed, all kinds of [[Passed Pawn|passed pawn]] issues are taken into account.
 
The '''Pawn Endgame''' is an endgame actually without any [[Pieces|pieces]] but only [[Pawn|pawns]] and [[King|kings]]. Pawn endings somehow remind on a completely different game domain, requiring special evaluation routines, as well as conditions inside the [[Search|search]], i. e. switching of [[Null Move Pruning|null move pruning]]. Specially in "closed" or blocked pawn endgames with [[Pawn Rams (Bitboards)|rammed]] and [[Backward Pawn|backward pawns]] with only very few reasonable moves due to extremely low [[Mobility|mobility]], [[Zugzwang|zugzwang]], [[Stalemate|stalemate]], [[Triangulation|triangulation]], [[Tempo|tempo]] issues, the concepts of [[Opposition|opposition]] or more general [[Corresponding Squares|corresponding squares]], and [[King Pattern#FloodFillAlgorithms|king path puzzles]] start to dominate. Otherwise, in open pawn endings, naturally with a bigger [[Branching Factor|branching factor]] than the closed, all kinds of [[Passed Pawn|passed pawn]] issues are taken into account.
  
Using the [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] is essential in pawn endings, as demonstrated in positions like the [[Lasker-Reichhelm Position]] (Fine 70) or the [[Réti Endgame Study]] with astonishing [[Depth|search depths]]. Certainly, many programs [[Capture Extensions|extend]] a lot, if the last piece was captured with the transition into an "unclear" pawn endgame. [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] for instance, extends by three [[Ply|plies]] in [[Rebel]] considering [[Bound|bounds]] <ref>Quote by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] from his [http://www.top-5000.nl/authors/rebel/chess840.htm Programmer Corner]: The Search is extended with 3 plies when the search transits to a pawn-ending. An extra window check of 3 pawns is done on I_SCORE before the extension is rewarded</ref> .  
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Using the [[Transposition Table|transposition table]] is essential in pawn endings, as demonstrated in positions like the [[Lasker-Reichhelm Position]] (Fine 70) or the [[Réti Endgame Study]] with astonishing [[Depth|search depths]]. Certainly, many programs [[Capture Extensions|extend]] a lot, if the last piece was captured with the transition into an "unclear" pawn endgame. [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] for instance, extends by three [[Ply|plies]] in [[Rebel]] considering [[Bound|bounds]] <ref>Quote by [[Ed Schroder|Ed Schröder]] from his [[Rebel#ProgrammerCorner|Programmer Corner]]: The Search is extended with 3 plies when the search transits to a pawn-ending. An extra window check of 3 pawns is done on I_SCORE before the extension is rewarded</ref> .  
  
 
=Considerations=  
 
=Considerations=  
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=Pawn Endgame Programs=
 
=Pawn Endgame Programs=
 
* [[Chunker]]
 
* [[Chunker]]
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* [[Endspiel‎]]
 
* [[PawnKing]]
 
* [[PawnKing]]
 
* [[Peasant]]
 
* [[Peasant]]
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* [[Pawn Pattern and Properties]] in [[Bitboards]]
 
* [[Pawn Pattern and Properties]] in [[Bitboards]]
 
* [[Pawn Structure]]
 
* [[Pawn Structure]]
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* [[Queen versus Pawn]]
 
* [[Transposition Table]]
 
* [[Transposition Table]]
  
 
=Publications=  
 
=Publications=  
 
==Chess==  
 
==Chess==  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Halberstadt Vitali Halberstadt] and [[Arts#Duchamp|Marcel Duchamp]] ('''1932'''). ''L'opposition et les cases conjuguées sont réconciliées''. » [[Corresponding Squares]]
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Halberstadt Vitali Halberstadt] and [[:Category:Marcel Duchamp|Marcel Duchamp]] ('''1932'''). ''L'opposition et les cases conjuguées sont réconciliées''. » [[Corresponding Squares]]
 
: Paris-Brussels 1932, German Edition 2001 ''[http://www.buecher-nach-isbn.info/3-608/3608500359-Opposition-und-Schwesterfelder-Marcel-Duchamp-Vitali-Halberstadt-3-608-50035-9.html Opposition und Schwesterfelder]'', ISBN 3-932170-35-0
 
: Paris-Brussels 1932, German Edition 2001 ''[http://www.buecher-nach-isbn.info/3-608/3608500359-Opposition-und-Schwesterfelder-Marcel-Duchamp-Vitali-Halberstadt-3-608-50035-9.html Opposition und Schwesterfelder]'', ISBN 3-932170-35-0
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_Fine Reuben Fine] ('''1941'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Chess_Endings Basic Chess Endings]'', Chapter 2, King and Pawn Endings
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_Fine Reuben Fine] ('''1941'''). ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Chess_Endings Basic Chess Endings]'', Chapter 2, King and Pawn Endings
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* [[Wilhelm Barth]] ('''1995'''). ''The KPKP Endgame: An Amplification''. [[ICGA Journal#18_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4]]
 
* [[Wilhelm Barth]] ('''1995'''). ''The KPKP Endgame: An Amplification''. [[ICGA Journal#18_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4]]
 
==2000 ...==
 
==2000 ...==
* [[Omid David]], [[Ariel Felner]], [[Nathan S. Netanyahu]] ('''2004'''). ''Blockage Detection in Pawn Endgames''. [[ICGA Journal#27_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 3]]
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* [[Eli David|Omid David]], [[Ariel Felner]], [[Nathan S. Netanyahu]] ('''2004'''). ''Blockage Detection in Pawn Endgames''. [[ICGA Journal#27_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 27, No. 3]]
 
* [[Zvi Retchkiman Königsberg]] ('''2007'''). ''A Combinatorial Game Mathematical Strategy Planning Procedure for a Class of Chess Endgames''. [http://www.m-hikari.com/imf-password2007/65-68-2007/index.html International Mathematical Forum, Vol. 2, No. 68]
 
* [[Zvi Retchkiman Königsberg]] ('''2007'''). ''A Combinatorial Game Mathematical Strategy Planning Procedure for a Class of Chess Endgames''. [http://www.m-hikari.com/imf-password2007/65-68-2007/index.html International Mathematical Forum, Vol. 2, No. 68]
 
==2010 ...==
 
==2010 ...==
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_endgame#King_and_pawn_endings King and pawn endings from Wikipedia]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_endgame#King_and_pawn_endings King and pawn endings from Wikipedia]
 
* [http://chess-training.blogspot.com/2006/11/endgame-lab-king-and-pawn-endings_24.html Chess Training: Endgame Lab - King and Pawn Endings]
 
* [http://chess-training.blogspot.com/2006/11/endgame-lab-king-and-pawn-endings_24.html Chess Training: Endgame Lab - King and Pawn Endings]
* [http://www.leeds-rose-forgrove-chess.org/kingandpawn.html King and Pawn Trickiness] from [http://www.leeds-rose-forgrove-chess.org/index.html Leeds Rose Forgrove Chess Club]
 
  
 
=References=  
 
=References=  
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'''[[Endgame|Up one Level]]'''
 
'''[[Endgame|Up one Level]]'''
 
[[Category:Elke Rehder]]
 
[[Category:Elke Rehder]]
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[[Category:Marcel Duchamp]]

Latest revision as of 09:40, 14 August 2020

Home * Evaluation * Game Phases * Endgame * Pawn Endgame

Pawns threaten the King [1]

The Pawn Endgame is an endgame actually without any pieces but only pawns and kings. Pawn endings somehow remind on a completely different game domain, requiring special evaluation routines, as well as conditions inside the search, i. e. switching of null move pruning. Specially in "closed" or blocked pawn endgames with rammed and backward pawns with only very few reasonable moves due to extremely low mobility, zugzwang, stalemate, triangulation, tempo issues, the concepts of opposition or more general corresponding squares, and king path puzzles start to dominate. Otherwise, in open pawn endings, naturally with a bigger branching factor than the closed, all kinds of passed pawn issues are taken into account.

Using the transposition table is essential in pawn endings, as demonstrated in positions like the Lasker-Reichhelm Position (Fine 70) or the Réti Endgame Study with astonishing search depths. Certainly, many programs extend a lot, if the last piece was captured with the transition into an "unclear" pawn endgame. Ed Schröder for instance, extends by three plies in Rebel considering bounds [2] .

Considerations

Pawn Endgame Programs

Pawn Endgame Positions

See also

Publications

Chess

Paris-Brussels 1932, German Edition 2001 Opposition und Schwesterfelder, ISBN 3-932170-35-0

Computer Chess

1977 ...

1980 ...

1990 ...

2000 ...

2010 ...

Forum Posts

1997 ...

2000 ...

2010 ...

External Links

References

  1. Chess Paintings by Elke Rehder
  2. Quote by Ed Schröder from his Programmer Corner: The Search is extended with 3 plies when the search transits to a pawn-ending. An extra window check of 3 pawns is done on I_SCORE before the extension is rewarded
  3. Steven Edwards (1995). Comments on Barth’s Article “Combining Knowledge and Search to Yield Infallible Endgame Programs.” ICCA Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4

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