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Opponent Model Search

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=Further Research=
Opponent Model search was further investigated by various game researchers, such as [[Mathematician#DCarmel|David Carmel]], [[Shaul Markovitch]], [[Xinbo Gao]], [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Bob Herschberg]], [[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Pieter Spronck]] and [[Sander Bakkes]].
Carmel and Markovitch introduced '''M'''* <ref>[[Mathematician#DCarmel|David Carmel]], [[Shaul Markovitch]] ('''1994'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-M*-Algorithm%3A-Incorporating-Opponent-Models-Carmel-Markovitch/bd788272c81951dc44fa7944e0f72451ced14129 The M* Algorithm: Incorporating Opponent Models into Adversary Search]''. CIS Report #9402, [http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~shaulm/papers/pdf/Carmel-Markovitch-CIS9402.pdf pdf]</ref>, a generalization of [[Minimax|minimax]] that uses an arbitrary opponent model to simulate the opponent’s search, and further proved a sufficient condition for pruning and present the '''αβ'''* algorithm which returns the M* value of a tree while searching only necessary branches <ref>[[Mathematician#DCarmel|David Carmel]], [[Shaul Markovitch]] ('''1996'''). ''Incorporating Opponent Models into Adversary Search''. [[Conferences#AAAI-96|AAAI 1996]], [http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~shaulm/papers/pdf/Carmel-Markovitch-aaai1996.pdf pdf]</ref> . Gao et al. researched on a generalization of opponent model search, called '''(D, d)-OM''' search, where '''D''' stands for the [[Depth|depth]] of [[Search|search]] by the player and '''d''' for the opponent’s depth of search <ref>[[Xinbo Gao]], [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_5 A Speculative Strategy]''. [[CG 1998]]</ref> . The '''Probabilistic''' Opponent-Model Search ('''PrOM''') for several game domains was developed by Donkers, Uiterwijk and Van den Herik, published in 2000 <ref>[[Jeroen Donkers]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''2000'''). ''Investigating Probabilistic Opponent-Model Search''. JCIS 2000, [http://www.fdg.unimaas.nl/educ/donkers/pubs/..%5Cpdf%5Cbnaic00.pdf pdf] (extended abstract)</ref> . It uses an extended model that includes uncertainty of the opponent.
=See also=
* [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1992'''). ''KQKR: Awareness of a Fallible Opponent''. [[ICGA Journal#15_3|ICCA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3]]
* [[Peter Jansen]] ('''1993'''). ''KQKR: Speculatively Thwarting a Human Opponent.'' [[ICGA Journal#16_1|ICCA Journal, Vol. 16, No. 1]]
* [[Mathematician#DCarmel|David Carmel]], [[Shaul Markovitch]] ('''1993'''). ''[https://aaai.org/Library/Symposia/Fall/1993/fs93-02-019.php Learning Models of Opponent's Strategy in Game Playing]''. [[Conferences#AAAI-93|AAAI 1993]], FS-93-02, [https://www.aaai.org/Papers/Symposia/Fall/1993/FS-93-02/FS93-02-019.pdf pdf]
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1993'''). ''Opponent-Model Search''. Technical Reports in Computer Science, CS 93-03. Department of Computer Science, [[Maastricht University|University of Limburg]]. ISSN 0922-8721.
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Bob Herschberg]] ('''1993'''). ''Potential Applications of Opponent-Model Search. Part 1: The Domain of Applicability.'' [[ICGA Journal#16_4|ICCA Journal, Vol. 16, No. 4]]
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]], [[Bob Herschberg]] ('''1994'''). ''Thoughts on the Application of Opponent-Model Search''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1994'''). ''Speculative Play in Computer Chess''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 7]]
* [[Mathematician#DCarmel|David Carmel]], [[Shaul Markovitch]] ('''1994'''). ''[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-M*-Algorithm%3A-Incorporating-Opponent-Models-Carmel-Markovitch/bd788272c81951dc44fa7944e0f72451ced14129 The M* Algorithm: Incorporating Opponent Models into Adversary Search]''. CIS Report #9402, [http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~shaulm/papers/pdf/Carmel-Markovitch-CIS9402.pdf pdf] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=54865&start=27 Re: Different eval for white/black] by [[Ronald de Man]], [[CCC]], January 08, 2015</ref>
==1995 ...==
* [[Steven Walczak]] ('''1996'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=228334&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=34101495&CFTOKEN=18614940 Improving Opening Book Performance Through Modeling of Chess Opponents]''. [[ACM]] Conference on Computer Science 1996
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1996'''). ''A Game-Tree Model Including an Opponent Model.'' NAIC'96)
* [[Mathematician#DCarmel|David Carmel]], [[Shaul Markovitch]] ('''1996'''). ''Incorporating Opponent Models into Adversary Search''. [[Conferences#AAAI-96|AAAI 1996]], [http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~shaulm/papers/pdf/Carmel-Markovitch-aaai1996.pdf pdf]
* [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Yoshiyuki Kotani]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1997'''). ''Gains and Risks of OM Search''. [[Advances in Computer Chess 8]]
* [[Xinbo Gao]], [[Hiroyuki Iida]], [[Jos Uiterwijk]], [[Jaap van den Herik]] ('''1998'''). ''[http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48957-6_5 A Speculative Strategy]''. [[CG 1998]]

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